Transfer from expatriate to local contracts: a multiple case study of an unexpected career transition

References

• Akkermans, J., S. E. Seibert, and S. T. Mol. 2018. “Tales of the Unexpected: Integrating Career Shocks in the Contemporary Careers Literature.” SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif Vir Bedryfsielkunde 44: a1503. doi:10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreason, A. W., and K. D. Kinneer. 2005. “Repatriation Adjustment Problems and the Successful Reintegration of Expatriates and Their Families.” Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management 6 (2): 109–126.
   Google Scholar
• Beach, L. R., and T. R. Mitchell. 1987. “Image Theory: Principles, Goals, and Plans in Decision Making.” Acta Psychologica 66: 201–220. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(87)90034-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, J. S., H. B. Gregersen, and M. E. Mendenhall. 1992. “Toward a Theoretical Framework of Repatriation Adjustment.” Journal of International Business Studies 23 (4): 737–760. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosson, Y. 2010. Going Local: How to Design, Communicate and Implement a Successful Expatriate Localization Policy. Bloomington: Author House.
   Google Scholar
• Bright, J. E. H., R. G. L. Pryor, and L. Harpham. 2005. “The Role of Chance Events in Career Decision Making.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 66 (3): 561–576. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookfield Global Relocation Services. 2012. Global relocation trends: 2012 survey report. http://espritgloballearning.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/2012-Brookfield-Global-Relocations-Trends-Survey.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brookfield Global Relocation Services. 2014. “2014 Global Mobility Trends Survey.” http://expatresearch.com/files/6813/9994/5991/2014_Brookfield_GRS_Global_Mobility_Trends_Survey.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brookfield Global Relocation Services. 2016. “Breakthrough to the Future of Global Mobility Talent.” http://globalmobilitytrends.bgrs.com/assets2016/downloads/Key-Findings-Brookfield-GRS-2016-Global-Mobility-Trends-Survey.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Burton, J. P., B. C. Holtom, C. J. Sablynski, T. R. Mitchell, and T. W. Lee. 2010. “The Buffering Effects of Job Embeddedness on Negative Shocks.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 76 (1): 42–51. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartus. 2010. “Global Mobility Policy & Practices Survey: Navigating a Challenging Landscape.” http://www.cartus.com/pdfs/Global_Policy_2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cendant Mobility Services. 2003. Global Mobility Survey 2002. Danbury, CT: Cartus.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory. Los Angeles: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Collings, D. G., N. Doherty, M. Luethy, and D. Osborn. 2011. “Understanding and Supporting the Career Implications of International Assignments.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 78 (3): 361–371. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collings, D. G., H. Scullion, and M. J. Morley. 2007. “Changing Patterns of Global Staffing in the Multinational Enterprise: Challenges to the Conventional Expatriate Assignment and Emerging Alternatives.” Journal of World Business 42 (2): 198–213. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowley-Henry, M. 2007. “The Protean Career.” International Studies of Management & Organization 3 (37): 44–64. doi:10.2753/IMO0020-8825370302.
   Google Scholar
• Doherty, N., and M. Dickmann. 2013. “Self-Initiated and Assigned Expatriates: Talent Management and Career Considerations.” In Talent Management of Self-Initiated Expatriates. A Neglected Source of Global Talent, edited by V. Vaiman and A. Haslberger, 234–255. London: Palgrave-MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly, D. P., and J. J. Quirin. 2006. “An Extension of Lee and Mitchell’s Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 27: 59–77. doi:10.1002/job.367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, D. C. 1991. “Repatriate Moves as Career Transitions.” Human Resource Management Review 1 (3): 163−178. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90012-2.
   Google Scholar
• Fryxel, E. G., J. Butler, and A. Choi. 2004. “Successful Localization Programs in China: An Important Element in Strategy Implementation.” Journal of World Business 39 (3): 268–282. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2004.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guomundsdottir, S., and L. M. Lundbergsdottir. 2016. “Onboarding Self-Initiated Expatriates: The Case of Icelandic Employees Working for the Nordic Cooperation.” Journal of Workplace Learning 28 (8): 510–518. doi:10.1108/JWL-06-2016-0050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttormsen, D. S. A. 2017. “Introducing the Expatriate “Entry-Mode”: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of a Missing Link in Global Mobility and Expatriate Management Research.” Human Resource Development International 20 (2): 99–126. doi:10.1080/13678868.2016.1240288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, D. T. 2004. “The Protean Career: A Quarter-Century Journal.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 65: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslberger, A., and C. Brewster. 2009. “Capital Gains: Expatriate Adjustment and the Psychological Contract in International Careers.” Human Resource Management 48 (3): 379–397. doi:10.1002.hrm.20286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser, J. 2003. “A Business Case for Localization.” Int Human Resour J (Summer): 18-23f
   Google Scholar
• Hemmasi, M., and M. Downes. 2013. “Cultural Distance and Expatriate Adjustment Revisited.” Journal of Global Mobility 1 (1): 72–91. doi:10.1108/JGM-09-2012-0010.
   Google Scholar
• Herod, R. 2009. Expatriate Compensation: The Balance Sheet Approach. California: Society for Human Resource Management.
   Google Scholar
• Holopainen, J., and I. Bjorkman. 2005. “The Personal Characteristics of the Successful Expatriate. A Critical Review of the Literature and an Empirical Investigation.” Personnel Review 34 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1108/00483480510578476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtom, B. C., T. R. Mitchell, T. W. Lee, and E. J. Inderrieden. 2005. “Shocks as Causes of Turnover: What They are and How Organizations Can Manage Them.” Human Resource Management 44 (3): 337–352. doi:10.1002/hrm.20074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joinson, C. 2002. “No Returns: “Localizing” Expats Save Companies Big Money and Can Be a Smooth Transition with a Little Due Diligence by HR.” HR Magazine 47: 70–77.
   Google Scholar
• Kraimer, M. L., and S. J. Wayne. 2004. “An Examination of Perceived Organizational Support as a Multidimensional Construct in the Context of an Expatriate Assignment.” Journal of Management 30 (2): 209–237. doi:10.1016/j.jm.2003.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvale, S., and S. Brinkmann. 2009. Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, T. L., T. R. Mitchell, L. Wise, and S. Fireman. 1996. “An Unfolding Model of Voluntary Employee Turnover.” Academy of Management Journal 39 (1): 5–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, T. W., and T. R. Mitchell. 1994. “An Alternative Approach: The Unfolding Model of Employee Turnover.” Academy of Management Review 19 (1): 51–89. doi:10.5465/256629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, T. W., T. R. Mitchell, B. G. Holtom, L. McDaniel, and J. W. Hill. 1999. “Theoretical Development and Extension of the Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover.” Academy of Management Journal 42: 450–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayerhofer, H., L. C. Hartman, G. Michelitsch-Riedl, and I. Kollinger. 2004. “Flexpatriate Assignments: A Neglected Issue in Global Staffing.” International Journal of Human Resource Management 15 (8): 1371–1389. doi:10.1080/0958519042000257986.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNulty, Y. 2015. “Employing Novel Compensation Approaches to Compete for Expatriate Talent.” In The Compensation Handbook. A State-of-The-Art Guide to Compensation Strategy and Design, edited by L. A. Berger and D. R. Berger, 503–518. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• McNulty, Y. 2016. “Why Expatriate Compensation Will Change How We Think about Global Talent Management.” In Global Talent Management and Staffing in MNEs, edited by Y. Guo, H. G. Rammal, and P. J. Dowling, 125–150. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• McNulty, Y., J. Rasan, and R. Lockwood. 2014. Localizing Expatriates: Pitfalls, Problems, & Policy Planning. Santa Fe Group. http://thesantafegroup.com
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. 2002. Qualitative Research in Practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. E., S. A. Levin, and J. D. Krumboltz. 1999. “Planned Happenstance: Constructing Unexpected Career Opportunities.” Journal of Counseling and Development 77 (2): 115–124. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02431.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nery-Kjerfve, T., and G. N. McLean. 2012. “Repatriation of Expatriate Employees, Knowledge Transfer, and Organizational Learning: What Do We Know?” European Journal of Training and Development 36 (6): 614–629. doi:10.1108/03090591211245512.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson, N. 1984. “A Theory of Work Role Transitions.” Administrative Science Quarterly 29 (2): 172–191. doi:10.2307/2393172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ORC Worldwide. 2007. International localisation policies and practices report, 2007. http://www.http://www.humanresourcesonline.net/news/17921
   Google Scholar
• Osman-Gani, A. M., and T. Rockstuhl. 2008. “Antecedents and Consequences of Social Network Characteristics for Expatriate Adjustment and Performance in Overseas Assignments: Implications for HRD.” Human Resource Development Review 7 (1): 32–57. doi:10.1177/1534484307312182.
   Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. 1990. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Newbury Park: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto, L. H., and R. C. Araújo. 2015. “Social Network of Portuguese Self-Initiated Expatriates.” Journal of Management Development 1 (35): 89–103. doi:10.1108/JMD-07-2014-0069.
   Google Scholar
• Pryor, R. G. L., and J. E. H. Bright. 2003. “Order and Chaos: A Twenty-First Century Formulation of Careers.” Australian Journal of Psychology 55 (2): 121–128. doi:10.1080/00049530412331312984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojewski, J. W. 1999. “The Role of Chance in the Career Development of Individuals with Learning Disabilities.” Learning Disability Quarterly 22 (4): 267–278. doi:10.2307/1511261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seibert, S. E., M. L. Kraimer, and P. A. Heslin. 2016. “Developing Career Resilience and Adaptability.” Organizational Dynamics 45 (3): 245–257. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seibert, S. E., M. L. Kraimer, B. C. Holtom, and A. J. Pierotti. 2013. “Even the Best Laid Plans Sometimes Go Askew: Career Self-Management Processes, Careers Shocks, and Decision to Pursue Graduate Education.” Journal of Applied Psychology 98 (1): 169–182. doi:10.1037/a0030882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidman, I. 2006. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researcher in Education and Social Sciences. New York: Teacher’s College.
   Google Scholar
• Shaffer, M. A., D. A. Harrison, K. M. Gilley, and D. M. Luk. 2001. “Struggling for Balance amid Turbulence on International Assignments: Work-Family Conflict, Support and Commitment.” Journal of Management 27 (1): 99–121. doi:10.1177/014920630102700106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stake, R. E. 1995. The Art of Case Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Suutari, V., and C. Brewster. 2000. “Making Their Own Way: International Experience through Self-Initiated Foreign Assignment.” Journal of World Business 35 (4): 346–365. doi:10.1016/S1090-9516(00)00046-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suutari, V., and K. Välimaa. 2002. “Antecedents of Repatriation Adjustment: New Evidence from Finnish Repatriates.” International Journal of Manpower 23 (7): 617–634. doi:10.1108/01437720210450798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tait, E., H. De Cieri, and Y. McNulty. 2014. “The Opportunity Cost of Saving Money: An Exploratory Study of Permanent Transfers and Localization of Expatriates in Singapore.” International Studies of Management & Organization 44 (3): 80–95. doi:10.2753/IMO0020-8825440305.
   Google Scholar
• Van Bakel, M., J. P. Van Oudenhoven, and M. Gerritsen. 2017. “Expatriate Contact with a Local Host: An Intervention to Increase Social Support.” Human Resource Development International 20 (3): 215–235. doi:10.1080/13678868.2016.1248720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, D. E., and V. Worm. 2009. “International Business Travellers: A Challenge for IHRM.” In Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management, edited by G. K. Stahl and I. Bjorkman, 283–301. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Yates, J. 2009. “Expatriate Localization: A Significant Cost Saving Opportunity for Your Global Mobility Program.” http://www.sirva.com/en-us/Content/PolicyMatters/Expatriate%20Localization_%20A%20Significant%20Cost%20Saving%20Opportunity.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. 2011. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar