Adapting to climate change: perceptions of vulnerability of down-hill ski area operators in Southern and Middle Finland

References

• Agrawala, S. (Ed.). (2007). Climate change in the European Alps: Adapting winter tourism and natural hazards management. Paris, France: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Bank, M., & Wiesner, R. (2011). Determinants of weather derivatives usage in the Austrian winter tourism industry. Tourism Management, 32(1), 62–68. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bicknell, S., & McManus, P. (2006). The canary in the coalmine: Australian ski resorts and their response to climate change. Geographical Research, 44(4), 386–400. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-5871.2006.00409.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blennow, K., & Persson, J. (2009). Climate change: Motivation for taking measure to adapt. Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 100–104. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouder, P., & Lundmark, L. (2011). Climate change in Northern Sweden: Intra–regional perceptions of vulnerability among winter–oriented tourism businesses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(8), 919–933. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.573073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bürki, R., Elsasser, H., & Abegg, B. (2003, April 9–11). Climate change impacts on the tourism industry in mountain areas. Paper presented at First International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism, Djerba, Tunisia.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., & Scott, D. (2007). Climate change vulnerability of the vermont ski tourism industry (USA). Annals of Leisure Research, 10(3–4), 550–572. doi: 10.1080/11745398.2007.9686781
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., & Scott, D. (2013). Managing for climate change in the alpine ski sector. Tourism Management, 35, 244–254. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endler, C., & Matzarakis, A. (2011). Climatic potential for tourism in the Black Forest, Germany – winter season. International Journal of Meteorology, 55(3), 339–351.
   Google Scholar
• Endler, C., Oehler, K., & Matzarakis, A. (2010). Vertical gradient of climate change and climate tourism conditions in the Black Forest. International Journal of Meteorology, 54, 45–61.
   Google Scholar
• de Freitas, C.R. (2004, June 8–11). Theory, concepts and methods in tourism climate research. Conference paper for the Second International Workshop of the International Society of Biometeorology, Commission on Climate Tourism and Recreation (ISB–CCTR), Kolimbari, Greece.
   Google Scholar
• Füssel, H-M., & Klein, R.T. (2006). Climate change vulnerability assessments: An evolution of conceptual thinking. Climatic Change, 75, 301–329. doi: 10.1007/s10584-006-0329-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grothmann, T. & Patt, A. (2005). Adaptive capacity and human cognition: The process of individual adaptation to climate change. Global Environmental Change, 15(3), 199–213. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC. (2001). Third assessment report. Working group II: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Summary for policymakers. Retrieved from http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/pdf/wg2TARspm.pdf
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. (2007). IPCC fourth assessment report: Climate change. Working group II: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment--report/ar4/wg2/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jopp, R., DeLacy, T., & Mair, J. (2010). Developing a framework for regional destination adaptation to climate change. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(6), 591–605. doi: 10.1080/13683501003653379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jylhä, K., Ruosteenoja, K., Räisänen, J., Venäläinen, A., Tuomenvirta, H., Ruokolainen, L., … Seitola, T. (2009). Arvioita Suomen muuttuvasta ilmastosta sopeutumistutkimuksia varten. ACCLIM–hankkeen raportti 2009 [The changing climate in Finland: estimates for adaptation studies. ACCLIM project report 2009]. Ilmatieteen laitos. Raportteja 2009:4. Helsinki: Finnish Meteorological Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, P. M., & Adger, W. N. (2000). Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change, 47, 325–352.
   Google Scholar
• Koenig, U., & Abegg, B. (1997). Impacts of climate change on winter tourism in the Swiss Alps. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(1), 46–58.
   Google Scholar
• Konu, H., Laukkanen, T., & Komppula, R. (2011). Using ski destination choice criteria to segment Finnish ski resort customers. Tourism Management, 23(5), 1096–1105. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.09.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 55 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Moen, J., & Fredman, P. (2007). Effects of climate change on alpine skiing in Sweden. Journal of sustainable tourism, 15(4), 481–436. doi: 10.2167/jost624.0
   Google Scholar
• Pickering, C.M., & Buckley, R.C. (2010). Climate response by the ski industry: The shortcomings of snowmaking for Australian resorts. Ambio, 39(5–6), 430–438. doi: 10.1007/s13280-010-0039-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., & Tervo, K. (2006). Perceptions and adaptation strategies of the tourism industry to climate change: The case of Finnish nature–based tourism entrepreneurs. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 1(3), 214–228. doi: 10.1504/IJISD.2006.012423
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., de Freitas, C.R., & Matzarakis, A. (2009). Adaptation in the tourism and recreation sector. In K.L. Ebi, I. Burton, & G. McGregor (Eds.), Biometeorology for adaptation to climate variability and change (pp. 171–194). Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., & McBoyle, G. (2007). Climate change adaptation in the ski industry. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12, 1411–1431. doi: 10.1007/s11027-006-9071-4
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., Mills, B., & Wall, G. (2001). Assessing the vulnerability of the alpine skiing industry in Lakelands Tourism Region of Ontario, Canada to climate variability and change. In A. Matzarakis, & C.R. de Freitas (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation (pp. 153–170). Milwaukee, WI: International Society of Biometeorology, Commission on Climate Tourism and Recreation, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Retrieved from http://www.mif.uni--freiburg.de/isb/ws/report.htm
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., & Minogue, A. (2007). Climate change and Quebec's ski industry. Global Environmental Change, 17(2), 181–190. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih, C., Nicholls, S., & Holecek, D.F. (2009). Impact of weather on downhill ski lift ticket sales. Journal of Travel Research, 47(3), 359–372. doi: 10.1177/0047287508321207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sievänen, T., Tervo, K., Neuvonen, M., Pouta, E., Saarinen, J., & Peltonen, A. (2005). Nature–based tourism, outdoor recreation and adaptation to climate change. FINADAPT Working Paper 11, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 341. Helsinki: Finnish Environment Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Mayer, M. (2008). Snowmaking and climate change. Future options for snow production in Tyrolean ski resorts. Mountain Research and Development, 28(3/4), 292–298.
   Google Scholar
• Tervo-Kankare, K. (2011). The consideration of climate change at the tourism destination level in Finland: Coordinated collaboration or talk about weather? Tourism Planning & Development, 8(4), 399–414.
   Google Scholar
• Unbehaun, W., Pröbstl, U., & Haider, W. (2008). Trends in winter sport tourism: Challenges for the future. Tourism Review, 63(1), 36–47. doi: 10.1108/16605370810861035
   Google Scholar
• Vuoristo, K.-V. (2002). Regional and structural patterns of tourism in Finland. Fennia, 180(1–2), 251–259.
   Google Scholar