Destination competitiveness: evidence from Bali

References

• Aditjondro, G. (1995). Bali, Jakarta's colony: Social and ecological impacts of Jakarta-based conglomerates in Bali's tourism industry. Asia Research Centre Working Paper No.58. Perth: Murdoch University.
   Google Scholar
• Ashworth, G. J. (1992). Is there an urban tourism? Tourism Recreation Research, 17(2), 3–8. doi: 10.1080/02508281.1992.11014645
   Google Scholar
• Baker, K., & Coulter, A. (2007). Terrorism and tourism: The vulnerability of beach vendors’ livelihoods in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(3), 249–266. doi: 10.2167/jost643.0
   Google Scholar
• Berger, A. A. (2013). Bali tourism. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bernini, C. (2009). Convention industry and destination clusters: Evidence from Italy. Tourism Management, 30(6), 878–889. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomberg Business. (2015). Bali leads Indonesia effort to lure tourists with free visas. Retrieved June 28, 2015, from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015–06–23/bali-leads-indonesia-promotion-to-lure-tourists-with-free-visas
   Google Scholar
• Bouncken, R., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Bogers, M. (2015). Coopetition: A systematic review, synthesis, and future research directions. Review of Managerial Science, 9, 577–601. doi: 10.1007/s11846-015-0168-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BPS. (2013). Social and population: Statistics Indonesia. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://dds.bps.go.id/eng/
   Google Scholar
• Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1997). Co-opetition (1st ed.). New York: Broadway Business.
   Google Scholar
• Brohman, J. (1996). New directions in tourism for third world development. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 48–70. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(95)00043-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunnell, T., Muzaini, H., & Sidaway, J. (2012). Global city frontiers: Singapore's hinterland and the contested geographies of Bintan, Indonesia. In D. Wastl-Walter (Ed.), The Ashgate research companion to border studies (pp. 457–480). Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, R. (1983). Rural development. Putting the Last First. London: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, S. A. (2013). Reflections on reflexivity in leisure and tourism studies. Leisure Studies, 32(3), 333–337. doi: 10.1080/02614367.2012.662522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, S. (2012). A political ecology of water equity and tourism: A case study from Bali. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1221–1241. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, S., & Browne, M. (2015). Tourism and water inequity in Bali: A social-ecological systems analysis . Human Ecology. Online version published 16 May. doi:0.1007/s10745-015-9739-z
   Google Scholar
• Connell, J. (1993). Bali revisited: Death, rejuvenation and the tourist cycle. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11, 641–661. doi: 10.1068/d110641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croes, R. (2011). Measuring and explaining competitiveness in the context of small island destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 50(4), 431–442. doi: 10.1177/0047287510368139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouch, G. I. (2011). Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 27–45. doi: 10.1177/0047287510362776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. B. (1995, July 13). Destination competitiveness and the role of the tourism enterprise. Proceedings of the fourth annual business conference (pp. 43–48), Istanbul, Turkey.
   Google Scholar
• Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R. (1999). Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137–152. doi: 10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00196-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cukier, J., & Wall, G. (1994). Informal tourism employment: Vendors in Bali, Indonesia. Tourism Management, 15(6), 464–467. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(94)90067-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha, S. K., & Cunha, J. C. (2005). Tourism cluster competitiveness and sustainability: Proposal for a systemic model to measure the impact of tourism on local development. BAR. Brazilian Administration Review, 2(2), 47–62. doi: 10.1590/S1807-76922005000200005
   Google Scholar
• Dahles, H., & Bras, K. (1999). Entrepreneurs in romance tourism in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 267–293. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00098-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinas Pariwisata Bali. (2014). Statistics. Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.disparda.baliprov.go.id/en/Statistics2
   Google Scholar
• Dunning, J. H. (1993). The theory of transnational corporations (Vol. 1). London: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Rao, P. (2000). The price competitiveness of travel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations. Tourism Management, 21(1), 9–22. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00081-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer, L., & Kim, C. (2003). Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369–414. doi: 10.1080/13683500308667962
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, S., & Sheridan, L. (2014). A critical reflection on the role of stakeholders in sustainable tourism development in least-developed countries . Tourism Planning and Development. Online version published 7 March. doi:10.1080/21568316.2014.894558
   Google Scholar
• Enright, M. J., & Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination competitiveness: A quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6), 777–788. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enright, M. J., & Newton, J. (2005). Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in Asia Pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality. Journal of Travel Research, 43(4), 339–350. doi: 10.1177/0047287505274647
   Google Scholar
• Faugier, J., & Sargeant, M. (1997). Sampling hard to reach populations. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(4), 790–797. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.00371.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go, F. M., & Govers, R. (1999). The Asian perspective: Which international conference destinations in Asia are the most competitive? Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 1(4) , 37–50.
   Google Scholar
• Go, F. M., & Govers, R. (2000). Integrated quality management for tourist destinations: A European perspective on achieving competitiveness. Tourism Management, 21(1), 79–88. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00098-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go, F., & Williams, A. (1993). Competing and cooperating in the changing tourism channel system. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2, 229–248. doi: 10.1300/J073v02n02_14
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. (2012). Beauty of Bali under threat from pressures of mass tourism. Retrieved June 28, 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/07/bali-tourism-threatens-natural-beauty
   Google Scholar
• Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. doi: 10.1177/1525822X05279903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddock-Fraser, J., & Hampton, M. P. (2012). Multi-stakeholder values on the sustainability of dive tourism: Case studies of Sipadan and Perhentian islands, Malaysia. Tourism Analysis, 17(1), 27–41. doi: 10.3727/108354212X13330406124016
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M. (2005). Tourism: Rethinking the social science of mobility. London: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., & Thomas, R. (2004). Small firms and wine and food tourism in New Zealand, in issues of collaboration, clusters and lifestyles. In R.Thomas (Ed.), Small firms in tourism, international perspectives (pp. 167–181). Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton, M. P. (2010). Enclaves and ethnic ties: The local impacts of Singaporean cross-border tourism in Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 31(2), 239–253. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9493.2010.00393.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, S. S. (2000). Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 239–245. doi: 10.1177/004728750003800305
   Google Scholar
• Heath, E. (2003). Towards a model to enhance destination competitiveness: A Southern African perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 10(2), 124–141.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. C. (2003). Terrorism and tourism: Managing the consequences of the Bali bombings. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 15(1), 41–58. doi: 10.1300/J073v15n01_03
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock, M. (2000). Ethnicity and tourism entrepreneurship in Java and Bali. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(3), 204–225. doi: 10.1080/13683500008667873
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock, M., & Darma Putra, I. N. (2005). The Bali bombings: Tourist crisis management and conflict avoidance. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(1), 62–76. doi: 10.1080/13683500508668205
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock, M., King, V., & Parnwell, M. (2009). Current issues in South-East Asian tourism. In M. Hitchcock, V. King, & M. Parnwell (Eds.), Tourism in South-East Asia: Challenges and new directions (pp. 309–313). Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hudson, S., Ritchie, B., & Timur, S. (2004). Measuring destination competitiveness: An empirical study of Canadian ski resorts. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 1(1), 79–94. doi: 10.1080/1479053042000187810
   Google Scholar
• Hussey, A. (1989). Tourism in a Balinese village. Geographical Review, 79(3), 311–325. doi: 10.2307/215575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, J., & Murphy, P. (2002). Tourism destinations as clusters: Analytical experiences from the new world. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(1), 36–52. doi: 10.1177/146735840200400104
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, J., & Murphy, P. (2006). Clusters in regional tourism an Australian case. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1018–1035. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2006.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Jakarta Post. (2013). Bali ready to host APEC. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/09/11/bali-ready-host-apec.html
   Google Scholar
• Kalisch, A. (2001). Tourism as fair trade: NGO perspectives. London: Tourism Concern.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, N., & Wicks, B. E. (2010, July 30). Rethinking tourism cluster development models for global competitiveness, international chrie conference-refereed track. University of Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• Kusluvan, S., & Karamustafa, K. (2001). Multinational hotel development in developing countries: An exploratory analysis of critical policy issues. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(3), 179–197. doi: 10.1002/jtr.293
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J., & Lewis, B. (2009). Bali's silent crisis. Desire, tragedy and transition. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of economics: An introductory volume. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Michael, E. J. (2003). Tourism micro-clusters. Tourism Economics, 9(2), 133–145. doi: 10.5367/000000003101298312
   Google Scholar
• Minca, C. (2000). ‘The Bali syndrome’: The explosion and implosion of ‘exotic’ tourist spaces. Tourism Geographies, 2(4), 389–403. doi: 10.1080/146166800750035503
   Google Scholar
• Moric, I. (2013). Clusters as a factor of rural tourism competitiveness: Montenegro experiences. Business Systems Research, 4(2), 94–107.
   Google Scholar
• Mossner, S., & Gomes de Matos, C. (2015, August 27–29). The hidden planners? Academic knowledge production and urban planning. Paper presented at the RC21 international conference “The ideal city: Between myth and reality. Representations, policies, contradictions and challenges for tomorrow's urban life”, Urbino, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Nadvi, K. (1999). Collective efficiency and collective failure: The response of the Sialkot surgical instrument cluster to global quality pressures. World Development, 27(9), 1605–1626. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00078-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagdin, C. (1989). Assessing tourism impacts in the third world: A Nepal case study. Progress in Planning, 44(3), 185–226.
   Google Scholar
• Pearce, D. G. (2014). Towards an integrative conceptual framework of destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 53(2), 141–153. doi: 10.1177/0047287513491334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard, M. (1996). Cultural tourism and touristic culture. (D. Darling, Trans). Singapore: Archipelago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Picard, M. (2009). From ‘Kebalian’ to ‘Ajeg Bali’: Tourism and Balinese identity in the aftermath of the Bali bombing. In M. Hitchcock, V. T. King, & M. Parnwell (Eds.), Tourism in South-East Asia: Challenges and new directions (pp. 99–131). Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Review, 68(2), 73–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Putra, I., & Hitchcock, M. (2006). The Bali bombs and the tourism development cycle. Progress in Development Studies, 6(2), 157–166. doi: 10.1191/1464993406ps134oa
   Google Scholar
• Ramstedt, M. (2012). Process of disembedding and displacement: Anomie and the juridification of religio-ethnic identity in post-new order Bali. Asian Ethnicity, 13(4), 323–339. doi: 10.1080/14631369.2012.710072
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, J. R. B., & Crouch, G. I. (2000). The competitive destination: A sustainability perspective. Tourism Management, 21(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00093-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz, H. (1999). Global competition and local cooperation: Success and failure in the Sinos Valley, Brazil. World Development, 27(9), 1627–1650. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00075-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz, H., & Nadvi, K. (1999). Clustering and industrialization: Introduction. World Development, 27(9), 1503–1514. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00072-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, B. J., & Shaw, G. (1999). ‘Sun, sand and sales’: Enclave tourism and local entrepreneurship in Indonesia. Current Issues in Tourism, 2(1), 68–81. doi: 10.1080/13683509908667844
   Google Scholar
• Suasta, P., & Connor, L. (1999). Democratic mobilization and political authoritarianism: Tourism developments on Bali. In R. Rubinstein & L. Connor (Eds.), Staying local in the global village: Bali in the twentieth century (pp. 91–122). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sumaco, F. T., & Richardson, S. (2011). An analysis on international tourists’ perceptions towards destination branding:“Visit Indonesia 2008” marketing campaign. The 2nd international research symposium in service management, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD. (2007). FDI in tourism: The development dimension. UN Conference on Trade and Development. Geneva : UN Publications.
   Google Scholar
• UN WTO. (2012). Challenges and opportunities for tourism development in small island developing states. Madrid: UN World Tourism Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Wall, G. (1998). Landscape resources, tourism and landscape change in Bali, Indonesia. In G. Ringer (Ed.), Destinations: Cultural landscapes of tourism (pp. 51–62). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wall, G., & Long, V. (1996). Balinese homestays: An indigenous response to tourism opportunities. In R. Butler & T. Hinch (Eds.), Tourism and indigenous peoples (pp. 27–48). London: ITP.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank/UNDP. (2006). Bali: Beyond the tragedy. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar