A critical review of climate change risk for ski tourism

References

• Aall, C., Hall, M. C., & Groven, K. (2016). Tourism: Applying rebound theories and mechanisms to climate change mitigation and adaptation. In C. Aall, T. Santarius, & H. J. Walnum (Eds.), How to improve energy and climate policies. Understanding the role of rebound effects (pp. 209–227). London: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Aall, C., & Høyer, K. G. (2005). Tourism and climate change adaptation – the Norwegian case. In M. C. Hall & J. Higham (Eds.), Aspects of tourism: Vol. 22. Tourism, recreation and climate change (pp. 209–223). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B. (1996). Klimaänderung und Tourismus. Klimafolgenforschung am Beispiel des Wintertourismus in den Schweizer Alpen. Zurich: vdf Zurich.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., Agrawala, S., Crick, F., & de Montfalcon, A. (2007). Climate change impacts and adaptation in winter tourism. In S. Agrawala (Ed.), Climate change in the European Alps. Adapting winter tourism and natural hazards management (pp. 25–60). Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., & Frösch, R. (1994). Climate change and winter tourism: Impact on transport companies in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In M. Beniston (Ed.), Mountain environments in changing climates (pp. 328–340). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., Kolb, M., Sprengel, D., & Hoffmann, V. (2008). Klimawandel aus der Sicht der Schweizer Seilbahnunternehmer. In T. Bieger, C. Laesser, & R. Maggi (Eds.), Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft 2008 (pp. 73–83). St. Gallen: IDT-HSG.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., König, U., & Maisch, M. (1994). Klimaänderung und Gletscherskitourismus. Geographica Helvetica, 49, 103–114.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., & Steiger, R. (2016). Herausforderung Klimawandel: Alpiner Skitourismus unter Anpassungsdruck. Geographische Rundschau, Mai 5, 16–21.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., & Steiger, R. (2017). Resilience and perceptions of problems in Alpine regions. In R. W. Butler (Ed.), Tourism and resilience (pp. 105–117). Wallingford: CABI Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., Steiger, R., & Walser, R. (2015). Aktuelle und zukünftige Schneesicherheit der Skigebiete in Graubünden. In T. Bieger, P. Beritelli, & C. Laesser (Eds.), St.Galler Schriften für Tourismus und Verkehr: Vol. 6. Schweizer Jahrbuch für Tourismus 2014–15 (pp. 1–16). Berlin: ESV.
   Google Scholar
• Balbi, S., Giupponi, C., Perez, P., & Alberti, M. (2013). A spatial agent-based model for assessing strategies of adaptation to climate and tourism demand changes in an alpine tourism destination. Environmental Modelling & Software, 45, 29–51. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bark, R. H., Colby, B. G., & Dominguez, F. (2010). Snow days? Snowmaking adaptation and the future of low latitude, high elevation skiing in Arizona, USA. Climatic Change, 102, 467–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaudin, L., & Huang, J.-C. (2014). Weather conditions and outdoor recreation: A study of New England ski areas. Ecological Economics, 106, 56–68. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behringer, J., Bürki, R., & Fuhrer, J. (2000). Participatory integrated assessment of adaptation to climate change in Alpine tourism and mountain agriculture. Integrated Assessment, 1, 331–338.
   Google Scholar
• Berghammer, A., & Schmude, J. (2014). The Christmas–Easter shift: Simulating Alpine ski resorts’ future development under climate change conditions using the parameter ‘optimal ski day’. Tourism Economics, 20(2), 323–336. doi: 10.5367/te.2013.0272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bicknell, S., & McManus, P. (2006). The canary in the coalmine: Australian ski resorts and their response to climate change. Geographical Research, 44(4), 386–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiling, M., & Charamza, P. (1999). The impact of global warming on winter tourism and skiing: A regionalised model for Austrian snow conditions. Regional Environmental Change, 1(1), 4–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouder, P., & Lundmark, L. (2011). Climate change in Northern Sweden: Intra-regional perceptions of vulnerability among winter-oriented tourism businesses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(8), 919–933. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.573073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bürki, R. (2000). Publikation der Ostschweizerischen Geographischen Gesellschaft: Vol. 6. Klimaänderung und Anpassungsprozesse im Wintertourismus. St.Gallen: Ostschweizerische Geographische Gesellschaft.
   Google Scholar
• Cocolas, N., Walters, G., & Ruhanen, L. (2016). Behavioural adaptation to climate change among winter alpine tourists: An analysis of tourist motivations and leisure substitutability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(6), 846–865. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1088860
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damm, A., Greuell, W., Landgren, O., & Prettenthaler, F. (2016). Impacts of + 2 °C global warming on winter tourism demand in Europe. Climate Services. doi: 10.1016/j.cliser.2016.07.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Damm, A., Köberl, J., & Prettenthaler, F. (2014). Does artificial snow production pay under future climate conditions? – A case study for a vulnerable ski area in Austria. Tourism Management, 43, 8–21. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., Havitz, M., & Scott, D. (2011). Behavioral adaptation of alpine skiers to climate change: Examining activity involvement and place loyalty. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(4), 388–404. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2011.571573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., & Scott, D. (2007). Climate change vulnerability of the Vermont ski tourism industry (USA). Annals of Leisure Research, 10(3&4), 550–572.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., & Scott, D. (2010). Systems analysis of climate change vulnerability for the US Northeast ski sector. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(3), 219–235.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., & Scott, D. (2013). Managing for climate change in the alpine ski sector. Tourism Management, 35, 244–254. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., Scott, D., & Havitz, M. (2013). Skier demand and behavioural adaptation to climate change in the US Northeast. Leisure/Loisir, 37(2), 127–143. doi: 10.1080/14927713.2013.805037
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., Scott, D., & McBoyle, G. (2009). Climate change analogue analysis of ski tourism in the Northeastern USA. Climate Research, 39(1), 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong, C., Carletti, G., & Previtali, F. (2014). Assessing impacts of climate change, ski slope, snow and hydraulic engineering on slope stability in ski resorts (French and Italian Alps). In G. Lollino, A. Manconi, J. Clague, W. Shan, & M. Chiarle (Eds.), Engineering geology for society and territory. Climate change and engineering geology, chapter: 10 (pp. 51–55). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C. (2016). Technical climate change adaptation options of the major ski resorts in Bulgaria. In B. Koulov & G. Zhelezov (Eds.), Sustainable mountain regions: Challenges and perspectives in Southeastern Europe (pp. 77–88). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Dannevig, H., & Aall, C. (in press). Climate change acknowledgement and responses of summer (glacier) ski visitors in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Kučerová, J., & Ozcelebi, O. (2015). Snow reliability and climate elasticity: Case of a Slovak ski resort. Tourism Review, 70(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1108/TR-01-2014-0003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Turp, M. T., Ozturk, T., & Kurnaz, M. L. (2016). Impact of climate change on natural snow reliability, snowmaking capacities, and wind conditions of ski resorts in Northeast Turkey: A dynamical downscaling approach. Atmosphere, 7(4), 52. doi: 10.3390/atmos7040052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dincă, A. I., Surugiu, C., Surugiu, M., & Frenţ, C. (2014). Stakeholder perspectives on climate change effects on tourism activities in the northern Romanian Carpathians: Vatra Dornei resort case study. HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 8(1), 27–41. doi:10.5719/hgeo
   Google Scholar
• Elsasser, H., & Bürki, R. (2002). Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps. Climate Research, 20, 253–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsasser, H., & Messerli, P. (2001). The vulnerability of the snow industry in the Swiss Alps. Mountain Research and Development, 21(4), 335–339. doi: 10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0335:TVOTSI]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endler, C., & Matzarakis, A. (2011). Climatic potential for tourism in the Black Forest, Germany — winter season. International Journal of Biometeorology, 55(3), 339–351. doi: 10.1007/s00484-010-0342-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M. (2010). A dynamic panel data analysis of snow depth and winter tourism. Tourism Management, 31, 912–924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M. (2013). A survival analysis of ski lift companies. Tourism Management, 36, 377–390. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M. (2015). The demand for winter sports: Empirical evidence for the largest French ski-lift operator. Tourism Economics, 21(3), 561–580. doi: 10.5367/te.2013.0366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M. (2016). The stagnation of summer glacier skiing. Tourism Analysis, 21(1), 117–122. doi: 10.3727/108354216X14537459509053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M., & Hagsten, E. (2016). Importance of early snowfall for Swedish ski resorts: Evidence based on monthly data. Tourism Management, 53, 61–73. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M., & Vanat, L. (2016). Gains from investments in snowmaking facilities. Ecological Economics, 130, 339–349. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, M., & Vieru, M. (2016). Demand for downhill skiing in subarctic climates. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1–18. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2016.1238780
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, Y., Yin, J., & Wu, B. (2017). Climate change and tourism: A scientometric analysis using CiteSpace. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–19. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1329310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, P. (2016, November 3). Campaign donations link ski industry leaders to climate change deniers. Powder Magazine. http://www.powder.com/stories/news/campaign-donations-link-ski-industry-leaders-climate-change-deniers/
   Google Scholar
• François, H., Morin, S., Lafaysse, M., & George-Marcelpoil, E. (2014). Crossing numerical simulations of snow conditions with a spatially-resolved socio-economic database of ski resorts: A proof of concept in the French Alps. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 108, 98–112. doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukushima, T., Kureha, M., Ozaki, N., Fujimori, Y., & Harasawa, H. (2002). Influences of air temperature change on leisure industries: Case study on ski activities. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7, 173–189.
   Google Scholar
• Galloway, R. (1988). The potential impact of climate changes on Australian ski fields. In G. Pearman (Ed.), Greenhouse planning for climate change (pp. 428–437). Melbourne: CSIRO Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gonseth, C. (2013). Impact of snow variability on the Swiss winter tourism sector: Implications in an era of climate change. Climatic Change, 119(2), 307–320. doi: 10.1007/s10584-013-0718-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M., Ceron, J.-P., & Dubois, G. (2012). Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 36–58. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haanpää, S., Juhola, S., & Landauer, M. (2015). Adapting to climate change: Perceptions of vulnerability of down-hill ski area operators in Southern and Middle Finland. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(10), 966–978. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.892917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, L. C., Brown, C., & Keim, B. D. (2007). Ski areas, weather and climate: Time series models for New England case studies. International Journal of Climatology, 27, 2113–2124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, L. C., Rohall, D., Hayward, G., & Keim, B. D. (2003). Warming winters and New Hampshire’s lost ski areas: An integrated case study. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 23(10), 52–73.
   Google Scholar
• Hanzer, F., Marke, T., & Strasser, U. (2014). Distributed, explicit modeling of technical snow production for a ski area in the Schladming region (Austrian Alps). Cold Regions Science and Technology, 108, 113–124. doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, R., Kinnaird, V., McBoyle, G., Quinlan, C., & Wall, G. (1986). Climate change and downhill skiing in Ontario. Ontario Geographer, 28, 51–68.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, S. J., Winterbottom, S. J., & Johnson, R. C. (2005). Changing snow cover and winter tourism and recreation in the Scottish highlands. In M. C. Hall & J. Higham (Eds.), Aspects of tourism: Vol. 22. Tourism, recreation and climate change (pp. 143–154). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, S. J., Winterbottom, S. J., & Sheppard, C. (1999). The potential effects of climate change on the Scottish tourist industry. Tourism Management, 20(2), 203–211. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00072-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrikx, J., & Hreinsson, E. (2012). The potential impact of climate change on seasonal snow in New Zealand: Part II—industry vulnerability and future snowmaking potential. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 110(4), 619–630. doi: 10.1007/s00704-012-0713-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrikx, J., Zammit, C., Hreinsson, EÖ, & Becken, S. (2013). A comparative assessment of the potential impact of climate change on the ski industry in New Zealand and Australia. Climatic Change, 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10584-013-0741-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy, K., Whetton, P., Walsh, K., Smith I, N., Bathols, J., Hutchinson, M., & Sharples, J. (2008). Climate change effects on snow conditions in mainland Australia and adaptation at ski resorts through snowmaking. Climate Research, 35(3), 255–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, I., & Lee, S. (2008). The impact of climate changes on ski industries in South Korea – In the case of the Yongpyong ski resort. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 43(5), 715–727.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, V. H., Sprengel, D. C., Ziegler, A., Kolb, M., & Abegg, B. (2009). Determinants of corporate adaptation to climate change in winter tourism: An econometric analysis. Global Environmental Change, 19(2), 256–264. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, D. (2015). The perceived risks of local climate change in Queenstown, New Zealand. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(10), 947–965. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.776022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, Debbie. (2014). The sustainability of climate change adaptation strategies in New Zealand's ski industry: a range of stakeholder perceptions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 107–126. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2013.804830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, D., Higham, J. S., & Becken, S. (2013). Climate change in a regional context: Relative vulnerability in the Australasian skier market. Regional Environmental Change, 13(2), 449–458. doi: 10.1007/s10113-012-0352-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, D., & Maclean, K. (2014). Climate change perceptions and responses in Scotland’s ski industry. Tourism Geographies, 16(3), 400–414. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2013.823457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy, A., Hänsel, S., & Matschullat, J. (2011). How can winter tourism adapt to climate change in Saxony’s mountains? Regional Environmental Change, 11(3), 459–469. doi: 10.1007/s10113-010-0155-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, S., & Hudson, L. (2015). Winter sports tourism: Working in winter wonderlands. Woodeaton: Goodfellow Publishers Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1986). A theory of substitutability of leisure behavior. Leisure Sciences, 8(4), 367–389. doi: 10.1080/01490408609513081
   Google Scholar
• König, U. (1998). Wirtschaftsgeographie und Raumplanung: Vol. 28. Tourism in a warmer world: Implications of climate change due to enhanced greenhouse effect for the ski industry in the Australian Alps. Zurich: University of Zurich.
   Google Scholar
• König, U. (1999). Climate change and snow tourism in Australia. Geographica Helvetica, 54(3), 147–157.
   Google Scholar
• König, U., & Abegg, B. (1997). Impacts of climate change on tourism in the Swiss Alps. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(1), 46–58.
   Google Scholar
• Lamothe & Periard Consultants. (1988). Implications of climate change for downhill skiing in Québec (88–03). Downsview: Meteorological Service of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Zhao, M., Guo, P., Zheng, J., Li, Z., Li, F., … Dong, S. (2016). Comprehensive evaluation of ski resort development conditions in northern China. Chinese Geographical Science, 26(3), 401–409. doi: 10.1007/s11769-016-0808-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipski, S., & McBoyle, G. (1991). The impact of global warming on downhill skiing in Michigan. East Lakes Geographer, 26, 37–51.
   Google Scholar
• Luthe, T. (2009). Outdoor sports and environmental science: Vol. 25. Vulnerability to global change and sustainable adaptation of ski tourism. Cologne: DSHS Koeln.
   Google Scholar
• March, H., Saurí, D., & Llurdés, J. C. (2014). Perception of the effects of climate change in winter and summer tourist areas: The Pyrenees and the Catalan and Balearic coasts, Spain. Regional Environmental Change, 14(3), 1189–1201. doi: 10.1007/s10113-013-0561-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBoyle, G., & Wall, G. (1987). The impact of CO2 – induced warming on downhill skiing in the laurentians. Cahiers de Géographie du Québec, 31(82), 39–50.
   Google Scholar
• McBoyle, G., & Wall, G. (1992). Great lakes skiing and climate change. In A. Gill & R. Hartmann (Eds.), Mountain resort development (pp. 70–81). Burnaby: Indiana University.
   Google Scholar
• McBoyle, G., Wall, G., Harrison, K., & Quinlan, C. (1986). Recreation and climate change: A Canadian case study. Ontario Geography, 23, 51–68.
   Google Scholar
• Moen, J., & Fredman, P. (2007). Effects of climate change on alpine skiing in Sweden. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(4), 418–437.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, C., & Pickering, C. M. (2013). Perceptions of climate change impacts, adaptation and limits to adaption in the Australian Alps: The ski-tourism industry and key stakeholders. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(2), 173–191. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2012.681789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NASA. (2017). NASA, NOAA data show 2016 warmest year on record globally. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally
   Google Scholar
• NSAA. (2017). U.S. ski resorts in operation. Retrieved from http://www.nsaa.org/media/275065/Number_of_Ski_Areas_by_Season_1516.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pickering, C. (2011). Changes in demand for tourism with climate change: A case study of visitation patterns to six ski resorts in Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(6), 767–781. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2010.544741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, C. M., & Buckley, R. C. (2010). Climate response by the ski industry: The shortcomings of snowmaking for Australian resorts. AMBIO, 39, 430–438. doi: 10.1007/s13280-010-0039-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, C. M., Castley, J. G., & Burtt, M. (2010). Skiing less often in a warmer world: Attitudes of tourists to climate change in an Australian ski resort. Geographical Research, 48(2), 137–147. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00614.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons, M., Johnson, P. A., Rosas, M., & Jover, E. (2014). A georeferenced agent-based model to analyze the climate change impacts on ski tourism at a regional scale. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 28(12), 2474–2494. doi: 10.1080/13658816.2014.933481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons, M., López-Moreno, J. I., Rosas-Casals, M., & Jover, È. (2015). The vulnerability of Pyrenean ski resorts to climate-induced changes in the snowpack. Climatic Change, 131(4), 591–605. doi: 10.1007/s10584-015-1400-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons, M., Steiger, R., Scott, D., Johnson, P., Rutty, M., & Vilella, M. (in press). Using an agent based model to assess ski tourism resilience to climate variability. Journal of Travel Research.
   Google Scholar
• Pons-Pons, M., Johnson, P. A., Rosas-Casals, M., Sureda, B., & Jover, E. (2012). Modeling climate change effects on winter ski tourism in Andorra. Climate Research, 54(3), 197–207. doi: 10.3354/cr01117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rixen, C., Teich, M., Lardelli, C., Gallati, D., Pohl, M., Pütz, M., & Bebi, P. (2011). Winter tourism and climate change in the Alps: An assessment of resource consumption, snow reliability, and future snowmaking potential. Mountain Research and Development, 31(3), 229–236. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00112.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman, C. E., Lynch, A. H., & Dominey-Howes, D. (2010). Uncovering the essence of the climate change adaptation problem—a case study of the tourism sector at Alpine Shire, Victoria, Australia. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(3), 237–252. doi: 10.1080/1479053X.2010.503049
   Google Scholar
• Rutty, M., Scott, D., Johnson, P., Jover, E., Pons, M., & Steiger, R. (2015a). Behavioural adaptation of skiers to climatic variability and change in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 11, 13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2015.07.002
   Google Scholar
• Rutty, M., Scott, D., Johnson, P., Jover, E., Pons, M., & Steiger, R. (2015b). The geography of skier adaptation to adverse conditions in the Ontario ski market. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 59(4), 391–403. doi: 10.1111/cag.12220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutty, M., Scott, D., Johnson, P., Pons, M., Steiger, R., & Vilella, M. (2017). Using ski industry response to climatic variability to assess climate change risk: An analogue study in Eastern Canada. Tourism Management, 58, 196–204. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., & Tervo, K. (2006). Perceptions and adaptation strategies of the tourism industry to climate change: The case of Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 1(3), 214–228.
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., & Tervo, K. (2010). Sustainability and emerging awareness of a changing climate: The tourism industry’s knowledge and perceptions of the future of nature-based winter tourism in Finland. In C. M. Hall & J. Saarinen (Eds.), Tourism and change in polar regions: Climate environments and experiences (pp. 147–164). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sauter, T., Weitzenkamp, B., & Schneider, C. (2009). Spatio-temporal prediction of snow cover in the Black Forest mountain range using remote sensing and a recurrent neural network. International Journal of Climatology. doi: 10.1002/joc.2043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, P., Steiger, R., & Matzarakis, A. (2012). Artificial snowmaking possibilities and climate change based on regional climate modeling in the Southern Black Forest. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(2), 167–172. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D. (2006a). Global environmental change and mountain tourism. In S. Gössling & M. C. Hall (Eds.), Tourism and global environmental change (pp. 54–75). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D. (2006b). US ski industry adaptation to climate change: Hard, soft and policy strategies. In S. Gössling & M. C. Hall (Eds.), Tourism and global environmental change (pp. 262–285). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Dawson, J., & Jones, B. (2008). Climate change vulnerability of the US Northeast winter recreation– tourism sector. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 13, 577–596. doi: 10.1007/s11027-007-9136-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213–232. doi: 10.1002/wcc.165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Hall, C. M., & Gössling, S. (2012). Tourism and climate change. Impacts, adaptation & mitigation (1st ed.). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Hall, C. M., & Gössling, S. (2016). A review of the IPCC fifth assessment and implications for tourism sector climate resilience and decarbonization. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(1), 8–30. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1062021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., & Mills, B. (2003). Climate change and the skiing industry in southern Ontario (Canada): Exploring the importance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation. Climate Research, 23, 171–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., & Minogue, A. (2007). Climate change and Quebec’s ski industry. Global Environmental Change, 17, 181–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., Minogue, A., & Mills, B. (2006). Climate change and the sustainability of ski-based tourism in Eastern North America: A reassessment. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 376–398. doi: 10.2167/jost550.0
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., & Steiger, R. (2013). Vulnerability of the Ski Industry. In R. A. Pielke (Ed.), Climate vulnerability: Understanding and addressing threats to essential resources. (pp. 305–313). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., & Johnson, P. (2014). The future of the Olympic winter games in an era of climate change. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–18. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.887664
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., Pons, M., & Johnson, P. (2017). The differential futures of ski tourism in Ontario (Canada) under climate change: The limits of snowmaking adaptation. Current Issues in Tourism. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2017.1401984
   Google Scholar
• Shih, C., Nicholls, S., & Holecek, D. F. (2009). Impact of weather on downhill ski lift ticket sales. Journal of Travel Research, 47(3), 359–372. doi: 10.1177/0047287508321207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soboll, A., & Dingeldey, A. (2012). The future impact of climate change on Alpine winter tourism: A high-resolution simulation system in the German and Austrian Alps. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 101–120. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.610895
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soboll, A., Klier, T., & Heumann, S. (2012). The prospective impact of climate change on tourism and regional economic development: A simulation study for Bavaria. Tourism Economics, 18(1), 139–157. doi: 10.5367/te.2012.0103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soboll, A., & Schmude, J. (2011). Simulating tourism water consumption under climate change conditions using agent-based modeling: The example of ski areas. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101(5), 1049–1066. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2011.561126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiger, R. (2010). The impact of climate change on ski season length and snowmaking requirements in tyrol, austria. Climate Research, 43(3), 251–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiger, R. (2011a). The impact of climate change on ski touristic demand using an analogue approach. In K. Weiermair, H. Pechlahner, A. Strobl, M. Elmi, & M. Schuckert (Eds.), Coping with global climate change: Strategies, policies and measures for the tourism industry (pp. 247–256). Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R. (2011b). The impact of snow scarcity on ski tourism: An analysis of the record warm season 2006/2007 in Tyrol (Austria). Tourism Review, 66(3), 4–13.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R. (2012). Scenarios for skiing tourism in Austria: Integrating demographics with an analysis of climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(6), 867–882. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2012.680464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Abegg, B. (2013). The sensitivity of Austrian ski areas to climate change. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(4), 480–493. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2013.804431
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Abegg, B. (2015). Klimawandel und Konkurrenzfähigkeit der Skigebiete in den Ostalpen. In R. Egger & K. Luger (Eds.), Tourismus und mobile Freizeit – Lebensformen, Trends, Herausforderungen (pp. 319–332). Norderstedt: Books on demand.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Abegg, B. (2017). Ski areas‘ competitiveness in the light of climate change: Comparative analysis in the Eastern Alps. In D. Müller & M. Więckowski (Eds.), Tourism in transition, recovering from decline and managing change. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Mayer, M. (2008). Snowmaking and climate change. Future options for snow production in Tyrolean ski resorts. Mountain Research and Development, 28(3/4), 292–298. doi: 10.1659/mrd.0978
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Stötter, J. (2013). Climate change impact assessment of ski tourism in Tyrol. Tourism Geographies, 15(4), 577–600. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2012.762539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, C.-H., & Jang, S. (2012). Hedging weather risk in nature-based tourism business: An example of ski resorts. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(2), 143–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosure. (2016). Recommendations of the task force on climate-related financial disclosures. Retrieved from https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/16_1221_TCFD_Report_Letter.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tervo-Kankare, K. (2011). The consideration of climate change at the tourism destination level in Finland: Coordinated collaboration or talk about weather? Tourism Planning & Development, 8(4), 399–414. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2011.598180
   Google Scholar
• Töglhofer, C., Eigner, F., & Prettenthaler, F. (2011). Impacts of snow conditions on tourism demand in Austrian ski areas. Climate Research, 46(1), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tranos, E., & Davoudi, S. (2014). The regional impact of climate change on winter tourism in Europe. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(2), 163–178. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2013.864992
   Google Scholar
• Trawöger, L. (2014). Convinced, ambivalent or annoyed: Tyrolean ski tourism stakeholders and their perceptions of climate change. Tourism Management, 40, 338–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlmann, B., Goyette, S., & Beniston, M. (2008). Sensitivity analysis of snow patterns in Swiss ski resorts to shifts in temperature, precipitation and humidity under conditions of climate change. International Journal of Climatology, 29(8), 1048–1055. doi: 10.1002/joc.1786
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unbehaun, W., Pröbstl, U., & Haider, W. (2008). Trends in winter sport tourism: Challenges for the future. Tourism Review, 63(1), 36–47. doi: 10.1108/16605370810861035
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2016). United Nations treaty collection chapter XXVII environment, 7.d Paris Agreement [Paris, 12 December 2015 (C.N.92.201)]. Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.92.2016-Eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vanat, L. (2014). 2014 international report on snow & mountain tourism. Retrieved from http://www.vanat.ch/RM-world-report-2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vanat, L. (2017). 2017 International report on snow & mountain tourism. Retrieved from http://vanat.ch/RM-world-report-2017-vanat.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Witmer, U. (1986). Geographica Bernensia: G25. Erfassung, Bearbeitung und Kartierung von Schneedaten in der Schweiz. Bern: Institute of Geography, University of Bern.
   Google Scholar
• Wobus, C., Small, E., Hosterman, E., Mills, H., Stein, D., Rissing, J., … Martinich, J. (2017). Projected climate change impacts on skiing and snowmobiling: A case study of the United States. Global Environmental Change Part A, 45, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfsegger, C., Gössling, S., & Scott, D. (2008). Climate change risk appraisal in the Austrian ski industry. Tourism Review International, 12(1), 13–23.
   Google Scholar
• Wyss, R., Abegg, B., & Luthe, T. (2014). Perceptions of climate change in a tourism governance context. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2014.04.004
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, G., O’Brady, C., & Hurlbutt, B. (2006). Regional challenges of future climate change: Endless summer or business as usual?: The 2006 Colorado college state of the Rockies report card. Colorado Springs: Colorado College.
   Google Scholar