1,208
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Profiling the elite middle-age Chinese outbound travellers: a 3rd wave?Footnote*

, &
Pages 561-574 | Received 12 Oct 2017, Accepted 03 Mar 2018, Published online: 11 Mar 2018

References

  • Arita, S., Edmonds, C., La Croix, S., & Mak, J. (2011). Impact of approved destination status on Chinese travel abroad: An econometric analysis. Tourism Economics, 17(5), 983–996.
  • Arlt, W. G. (2013). The second wave of Chinese outbound tourism. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(2), 126–133.
  • Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Pendergast, D. (Eds.). (2010). Tourism and generation Y. Walingford: CABI.
  • Burton, R. (1995). Travel geography (2nd ed.). London: Longman.
  • Chan, Y. W. (2006). Coming of age of the Chinese tourists the emergence of non-Western tourism and host-guest interactions in Vietnam’s border tourism. Tourist Studies, 6(3), 187–213.
  • Chao, R., & Tseng, V. (2002). Parenting of Asians. Handbook of Parenting, 4, 59–93.
  • Chen, Y., Lehto, X. Y., & Cai, L. (2013). Vacation and well-being: A study of Chinese tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 284–310.
  • Cheng, M., & Foley, C. (2017). Understanding the distinctiveness of Chinese Post-80s tourists through an exploration of their formative experiences. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–17.
  • China National Tourism Adminstration. (2016). Annual report of China outbound tourism development. Beijing: China Tourism Academy.
  • China National Tourism Adminstration. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.cnta.gov.cn/zwgk/lysj/201711/t20171108_846343.shtml
  • Choukhmane, T., Coeurdacier, N., & Jin, K. (2013). The one-child policy and household savings (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2341051). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2341051
  • Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164–182.
  • Davey, G., De_Lian, C., & Higgins, L. (2007). The university entrance examination system in China. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 31(4), 385–396.
  • Dolnicar, S. (2007). Market segmentation in tourism. In A. G. Woodside & D. Martin (Eds.), Tourism management: Analysis, behaviour, and strategy (pp. 129–146). Wallingford: CABI.
  • Egri, C. P., & Ralston, D. A. (2004). Generation cohorts and personal values: A comparison of China and the United States. Organization Science, 15(2), 210–220.
  • Erickson, T. (2009). Generations in China [online]. Retrieved from http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/erickson/2009/03/generations_in_china.html
  • Filep, S., Hughes, M., Mostafanezhad, M., & Wheeler, F. (2015). Generation tourism: Towards a common identity. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(6), 511–523.
  • Fuligni, A. J., & Zhang, W. (2004). Attitudes toward family obligation among adolescents in contemporary urban and rural China. Child Development, 75(1), 180–192.
  • Gold, T. B. (1993). Go with your feelings: Hong Kong and Taiwan popular culture in greater China. The China Quarterly, 136, 907–925.
  • Guinn, R. (1980). Elderly recreational vehicle tourists: Motivations for leisure. Journal of Travel Research, 19(1), 9–12.
  • Guo, F., & Huang, Y. S. (2010). Does ‘hot money’ drive China’s real estate and stock markets? International Review of Economics & Finance, 19(3), 452–466.
  • Hagan, L., & Uysal, M. (1991). An examination of motivations and activities of pre-retirement (50–64) and postretirement (65–98) age group for a touring trip. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research Association, Long Beach, CA. pp. 381–386.
  • Hesketh, T., Lu, L., & Xing, Z. W. (2005). The effect of China’s one-child family policy after 25 years. The New England Journal of Medicine, 353, 1171–1176.
  • Holbig, H., & Gilley, B. (2010). Reclaiming legitimacy in China. Politics & Policy, 38(3), 395–422.
  • Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. F. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations—Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1262–1273.
  • Hsu, C. H., & Song, H. (2012). ‘Projected images of major Chinese outbound destinations’. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17(5), 577–593.
  • Jang, S., Yu, L., & Pearson, T. (2003). Chinese travellers to the United States: A comparison of business travel and visiting friends and relatives. Tourism Geographies, 5(1), 87–108.
  • Jin, X., & Wang, Y. (2016). Chinese outbound tourism research: A review. Journal of Travel Research, 55(4), 440–453.
  • Jin, X., Wu, L., Becken, S., & Ding, P. (2016). How do worry, self-efficacy, and coping interact? Examining Chinese tourists to Australia. Journal of China Tourism Research, 12(3–4), 374–393.
  • Kim, S. (2012). A cross-cultural study of on-site film-tourism experiences among Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese and Thai visitors to the Daejanggeum Theme Park, South Korea. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(8), 759–776.
  • Lehto, X. Y., Jang, S., Achana, F. T., & O’Leary, J. T. (2008). Exploring tourism experience sought: A cohort comparison of baby boomers and the silent generation. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(3), 237–252.
  • Li, X. (2016). Chinese outbound tourism 2.0. Boca Raton, FL: Apple Academic Press, Inc.
  • Li, X., Lai, C. T., Harrill, R., Kline, S., & Wang, L. (2011). When east meets west: An exploratory study on Chinese outbound tourists’ travel expectations. Tourism Management, 32(4), 741–749.
  • Li, X., Li, X., & Hudson, S. (2013). The application of generational theory to tourism consumer behavior: An American perspective. Tourism Management, 37, 147–164.
  • Liu, G., & Ryan, C. (2011). The role of Chinese students as tourists and hosts for overseas travel. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 445–464.
  • Liu, L., Winter, C., & Zilibotti, F. (2015). Housing and wealth accumulation in urban China, before and after the 1994 housing reform. Retrieved from https://www.econ.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:00000000-57f0-1d93-0000-000058e18ee1/housing_and_wealth_feb2015.pdf
  • Mannheim, K. (1953). Essays on sociology and social psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • McGuire, F., Dottavio, D., & O'Leary, J. (1986). Constraints to participation in outdoor recreation across the life span: A nationwide study of limitors and prohibitors. The Gerontologist, 26(5), 538–544.
  • Meng, X. (2007). Wealth accumulation and distribution in urban China. IZA discussion paper series. Retrieved from http://ftp.iza.org/dp2553.pdf
  • Michailova, S., & Hutchings, K. (2006). National cultural influences on knowledge sharing: A comparison of China and Russia. Journal of Management Studies, 43, 383–405.
  • Moufakkir, O. (2011). The role of cultural distance in mediating the Host Gaze. Tourist Studies, 11(1), 73–89.
  • Muller, T. E. (1991). Using personal values to define segments in an international tourism market. International Marketing Review, 8(1), 49–70.
  • Ong, C. E., & du Cros, H. (2012). The Post-Mao Gazes: Chinese backpackers in Macau. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 735–754.
  • Pilcher, J. (1994). Mannheim's sociology of generations: An undervalued legacy. The British Journal of Sociology, 45(3), 481–495.
  • Pizam, A., Uriely, N., & Reichel, A. (2000). The intensity of tourist–host social relationship and its effects on satisfaction and change of attitudes: The case of working tourists in Israel. Tourism Management, 21(4), 395–406.
  • Qi, X. (2015). Filial obligation in contemporary China: Evolution of the culture-system. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(1), 141–161.
  • Ralston, D. A., Holt, D. H., & Terpstra, R. H. (1995). The impact of culture and ideology on managerial work values: A study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1995(1), 187–191.
  • Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. W. (2002). Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts, part 1. Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 295–315.
  • Rosenzweig, M., & Zhang, J. (2014). Co-residence, life-cycle savings and inter-generational support in Urban China (Working Paper No. 20057). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Sakai, M., Brown, J., & Mak, J. (2000). Population aging and Japanese international travel in the 21st century. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 212–220.
  • Schewe, C. D., & Noble, S. M. (2000). Market segmentation by cohorts: The value and validity of cohorts in America and abroad. Journal of Marketing Management, 16(1e3), 129–142.
  • Schuman, H., & Scott, J. (1989). Generations and collective memories. American Sociological Review, 54(3), 359–381.
  • Sellick, M. C. (2004). Discovery, connection, Nostalgia. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(1), 55–71.
  • Sparks, B., & Pan, W. (2009). Chinese outbound tourists: Understanding their attitudes, constraints and use of information sources. Tourism Management, 30(4), 483–494.
  • Strauss, A., & Howe, N. (1997). The fourth turning: An American prophecy. Broadway, New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group.
  • Sun, R. (2002). Old age support in contemporary urban China from both parents’ and children’s perspectives. Research on Aging, 24(3), 337–359.
  • Sun, J., & Wang, X. (2010). Value differences between generations in China: A study in Shanghai. Journal of Youth Studies, 13(1), 65–81.
  • Sun, M., Zhang, X., & Ryan, C. (2015). Perceiving tourist destination landscapes through Chinese eyes: The case of South Island, New Zealand. Tourism Management, 46, 582–595.
  • Tang, W., & Parish, W. L. (2000). Chinese urban life under reform: The changing social contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tourism Research Australia. (2017). International visitor survey data. Unpublished data.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96(3), 506–520.
  • Tuniu.com. (2016). Chinese outbound tourists behaviour analysis. Retrieved from http://science.china.com.cn/2018-02/05/content_40216059.htm
  • United Nations World Tourism Organisation. (2016). UNWTO tourism highlights 2016 edition. Retrieved from http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145
  • Urry, J. (2002). The tourist gaze (Theory, culture and society series).
  • Van Norden. (2015). Five colossal events changed China forever. Retrieved from http://nationalinterest.org/feature/5-colossal-events-changed-china-forever-13046
  • Vijaya, R. M. (2010). Medical tourism: Revenue generation or international transfer of healthcare problems? Journal of Economic Issues, 44(1), 53–70.
  • Wang, Z. (2014). The Chinese dream: Concept and context. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 19, 1–13.
  • Weaver, D. (2015). Tourism and the Chinese dream: Framework for engagement. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 54–56.
  • Wong, I. A., Fong, H. I. V., & Liu, M. T. (2012). Understanding perceived casino service difference among casino players. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(5), 753–773.
  • World Tourism Cities Federation. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/2016-06/021.1-Chinese-Outbound-Tourist.pdf
  • Wu, M. Y., & Pearce, P. (2014). Chinese recreational vehicle users in Australia: A netnographic study of tourist motivation. Tourism Management, 43, 22–35.
  • Xu, H., Cui, Q., Ballantyne, R., & Packer, J. (2013). Effective environmental interpretation at Chinese natural attractions: The need for an aesthetic approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21, 117–133.
  • Zhang, Z. (2009). Bearing witness: Chinese urban cinema in the era of the ‘transformation’. Shanghai University Journal: Social Science Edition, 4, 96–113.
  • Zhang, H. Q., Heung, V., & Yan, Q. (2009). Play or not to play—An analysis of the mechanism of the zero-commission Chinese outbound tours through a game theory approach. Tourism Management, 30(3), 366–371.
  • Zhang, Y., & Hitchcock, M. J. (2017). The Chinese female tourist gaze: A netnography of young women’s blogs on Macao. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(3), 315–330.
  • Zhou, X. Y. (2015). Rock music in contemporary China: An ideological arena. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 5(12), 1146–1151. Retrieved from http://www.davidpublisher.org/Public/uploads/Contribute/567a39b9a2774.pdf
  • Zimmer, Z., Brayley, R. E., & Searle, M. S. (1995). Whether to go and where to go: Identification of important influences on seniors’ decisions to travel. Journal of Travel Research, 33(3), 3–10.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.