Towards a conceptual framework for diaspora tourism

References

• Alba, R., & Nee, V. (1997). Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration. International Migration Review, 31(4), 826–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, M., Bryce, D., & Murdy, S. (2017). Delivering the past: Providing personalized ancestral tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 56(4), 543–555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, N., & Holden, A. (2006). Post-colonial Pakistani mobilities: The embodiment of the ‘myth of return’ in tourism. Mobilities, 1(2), 217–242.
   Google Scholar
• Ang, I. (2014). Beyond Chinese groupism: Chinese Australians between assimilation, multiculturalism and diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(7), 1184–1196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashworth, G., & Hartmann, R. (2005). Horror and human tragedy revisited: The management of sites of atrocities for tourism. Elmsford, NY: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Avraham, E. (2015). Destination image repair during crisis: Attracting tourism during the Arab Spring uprisings. Tourism Management, 47, 224–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahamas Ministry of Tourism. (2017). Homecoming. Retrieved from http://www.tourismtoday.com/events/homecoming
   Google Scholar
• Basu, P. (2004). Route metaphors of ‘roots-tourism’ in the Scottish highland diaspora. In S. Coleman & J. Eade (Eds.), Reframing pilgrimage: Cultures in motion (pp. 150–174). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Basu, P. (2005). Roots tourism as return movement: Semantics and the Scottish diaspora. In M. Harper (Ed.), Emigrant homecomings: The return movement of emigrants, 1600–2000 (pp. 131–150). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Basu, P. (2007). Highland Homecomings: Genealogy and heritage tourism in the Scottish diaspora. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• BBC. (2012). Sierra Leone seeks to move into ‘slave tourism’. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18613200
   Google Scholar
• Benet-Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural identity integration (BII): Components and psychosocial antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 1015–1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, M., & O’Reilly, K. (2009). Migration and the search for a better way of life: A critical exploration of lifestyle migration. The Sociological Review, 57(4), 608–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, M. L. (2011). Diasporic generations: Memory, politics, and nation among Cubans in Spain (Vol. 33). New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Boyne, S., Carswell, F., & Hall, D. (2002). Reconceptualizing VFR tourism: Friends, relatives and migration within a domestic context. In C. M. Hall & A. M. Williams (Eds.), Tourism and migration: New relationships between Production and consumption (pp. 240–256). Morwell: Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, R. (2005). The ‘diaspora’diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(1), 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruner, E. (1996). Tourism in Ghana: the representation of slavery and the return of the black diaspora. American Anthropologist, 98(2), 290–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryce, D., Murdy, S., & Alexander, M. (2017). Diaspora, authenticity and the imagined past. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, 49–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, D. L. (2001). Whitewashing plantations: The commodification of a slave-free Antebellum South. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 2(3-4), 163–175.
   Google Scholar
• Castles, S. (2000). International migration at the beginining of the twenty-first century: Global trends and issues. International Social Science Journal, 52(165), 269–281.
   Google Scholar
• Cater, C., Poguntke, K., & Morris, W. (2018). Y Wladfa Gymreig: Diasporic tourism and the role of identity. Tourism Geographies. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2019.1571095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Che, D. (2004). Reinventing Tulip Time. In T. Coles & D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas, and space (pp. 261–278). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. H. (1999). Informal marketing of Israel experience educational tours. Journal of Travel Research, 37(3), 238–243.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. H. (2011). Educational dark tourism at an in populo site: The Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 193–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, R. (1997). Global diasporas: An introduction. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Coles, T. (2004). Diaspora, cultural capital and the production of tourism. In T. Coles & D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas, and space (pp. 217–232). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Coles, T., & Timothy, D. J. (2004). Tourism, diasporas and space. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Researching pilgrimage: Continuity and transformations. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(2), 440–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins-Kreiner, N., & Olsen, D. (2004). Selling diaspora. In T. Coles & D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas, and space (pp. 279–290). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cuba, L., & Hummon, D. M. (1993). A place to call home: Identification with dwelling, community, and region. The Sociological Quarterly, 34(1), 111–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dann, G. M., & Seaton, A. V. (2001). Slavery, contested heritage and thanatourism. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 2(3-4), 1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, A. P. (2008). The play of identity, memory and belonging: Chinese migrants in Sydney. In K. E. Kuah-Pearce & A. P. Davidson (Eds.), At home in the Chinese diaspora: Memories, identities and belongings (pp. 12–32). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Drozdzewski, D. (2007). A place called ‘bielany’: Negotiating a diasporic Polish place in Sydney. Social & Cultural Geography, 8(6), 853–869.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval, D. T. (2004). Linking return visits and return migration among commonwealth eastern Caribbean migrants in Toronto. Global Networks, 4(1), 51–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckstein, S. (2002). On deconstructing and reconstructing the meaning of immigrant generations. In P. Levitt & M. C. Waters (Eds.), The changing face of home: The transnational lives of the second generation (pp. 211–215). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Elliot, S., Papadopoulos, N., & Kim, S. S. (2011). An integrative model of place image: Exploring relationships between destination, product, and country images. Journal of Travel Research, 50(5), 520–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng, K., & Davidson, A. (2007). At home in the Chinese diaspora: Memories, identities and belongings. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Etemaddar, M., Duncan, T., & Tucker, H. (2016). Experiencing 'moments of home' through diaspora tourism and travel. Tourism Geographies, 18(5), 503–519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, K., & Page, S. J. (2000). An exploratory study of the tourism, migration–immigration nexus: Travel experiences of Chinese residents in New Zealand. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(3), 246–281.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin, A., & Crang, M. (2001). The trouble with tourism and travel theory? Tourist Studies, 1(1), 5–22.
   Google Scholar
• Fried, M. (1963). Grieving for a lost home. In L. J. Duhl (Ed.), The urban condition (pp. 151–171). New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fussell, E. (2012). Space, time, and volition: Dimensions of migration theory. In M. R. Rosenblum & D. J. Tichenor (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Politics of international migration (pp. 25–52). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 283–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion and national origins. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson, P. (2001). Retirement migration and transnational lifestyles. Ageing and Society, 21(4), 371–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handley, F. J., Haviser, J., & MacDonald, K. (2006). Back to Africa. Issues of hosting ‘roots’ tourism in West Africa. African re-genesis. Confronting social issues in the diaspora, London, 20–31.
   Google Scholar
• Hannam, K. (2004). India and the ambivalences of diaspora tourism. In T. Coles & D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas, and space (pp. 246–260). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Harker, K. (2001). Immigrant generation, assimilation, and adolescent psychological well-being. Social Forces, 79(3), 969–1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (1993). From space to place and back again: Reflections on the condition of postmodernity. In J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, G. Robertson, & L. Tickner (Eds.), Mapping the futures: Local cultures, global change (pp. 17–44). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 5–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollinshead, K. (2004). Tourism and third space populations. The restless motion of diaspora peoples. In T. Coles & D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas and space (pp. 47–63). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, W. J., Norman, W. C., Ramshaw, G. P., & Haller, W. J. (2015). Transnational leisure experience of second-generation immigrants: The case of Chinese-Americans. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(1), 102–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, H., & Allen, D. (2010). Holidays of the Irish diaspora: The pull of the ‘homeland’? Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1), 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iarmolenko, S. (2015). Bridging tourism and migration mobilities: Diaspora tourism as a coping strategy. European Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannides, M. W. C., & Ioannides, D. (2006). Global Jewish tourism. In D. Timothy & D. Olsen (Eds.), Tourism, religion and spiritual journeys. (p. 156) Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kantanen, T., & Tikkanen, I. (2006). Advertising in low and high involvement cultural tourism attractions: Four cases. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6(2), 99–110.
   Google Scholar
• Kelner, S. (2010). Tours that bind: Diaspora, pilgrimage, and Israeli birthright tourism. New York, NY: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelner, S., Saxe, L., Kadushin, C., Canar, R., Lindholm, M., Ossman, H., … Wolf, M. (2000). Making meaning: participants’ experience of Birthright Israel (Vol. Brithright Israel Research Report 2). Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies, Brandeis University.
   Google Scholar
• Kemp, C., & Chang, B. J. (2004). China. In C. Kemp & L. A. Rasbridge (Eds.), Refugee and immigrant health: A handbook for health professionals (pp. 132–141). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H.-R., & Oh, I. (2011). Migration and multicultural contention in East Asia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(10), 1563–1581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, B. (1994). What is ethnic tourism? An Australian Perspective. Tourism Management, 15(3), 173–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R., & Christou, A. (2010). Cultural geographies of counter-diasporic migration: Perspectives from the study of second-generation ‘returnees’ to Greece. Population, Space and Place, 16(2), 103–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klemm, M. S. (2002). Tourism and ethnic minorities in Bradford: The invisible segment. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 85–91.
   Google Scholar
• LaFromboise, T., Coleman, H. L., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E. (2003). At America's gates: Chinese immigration during the exclusion era, 1882- 1943. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lew, A., & Wong, A. (2004). Sojourners, guanxi and clan associations: Social capital and overseas Chinese tourism in China. In T. Coles & D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas and space (pp. 202–214). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lewicka, M. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. E. (2019). Guanxi or weak ties? Exploring Chinese diaspora tourists’ engagements in social capital building. Current Issues in Tourism. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2019.1578340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. E., & Chan, E. T. H. (2017). Diaspora tourism and well-being: A eudaimonic view. Annals of Tourism Research, 63, 205–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. E., & Chan, E. T. H. (2018). Connotations of ancestral home: An exploration of place attachment by multiple generations of Chinese diaspora. Population. Space and Place, 24(8), e2147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. E., & McKercher, B. (2016a). Developing a typology of diaspora tourists: Return travel by Chinese immigrants in North America. Tourism Management, 56, 106–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. E., & McKercher, B. (2016b). Effects of place attachment on home return travel: A spatial perspective. Tourism Geographies, 18(4), 359–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment: A conceptual inquiry Place attachment (pp. 1–12): Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Maddern, J. (2004). The Isle of home is always on your mind: Subjectivity and space at Ellis Island immigration Museum. In T. Coles & D. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas and space: Travels to promised lands (pp. 167–185). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Maliepaard, M., Lubbers, M., & Gijsberts, M. (2010). Generational differences in ethnic and religious attachment and their interrelation. A study among Muslim minorities in the Netherlands. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 33(3), 451–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama, N., & Stronza, A. (2011). Roots tourism of Chinese Americans. Ethnology: An International Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology, 49(1), 23–44.
   Google Scholar
• Mazumdar, S., & Mazumdar, S. (2009). Religion, immigration, and home making in diaspora: Hindu space in Southern California. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(2), 256–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCain, G., & Ray, N. M. (2003). Legacy tourism: The search for personal meaning in heritage travel. Tourism Management, 24(6), 713–717.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, K. E., & Mings, R. C. (1996). The circle of migration: Attachment to place and aging. Annuals of the Association of American Geographers, 86, 530–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modood, T. (2013). Multiculturalism  (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Moore-Gilbert, B. (1997). Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, practices, Politics. London: Verso Books.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., & Pride, R. (2002). Marketing to the Welsh diaspora: The appeal to hiraeth and homecoming. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(1), 69–80.
   Google Scholar
• Mowatt, R. A., & Chancellor, C. H. (2011). Visiting death and life: Dark tourism and slave castles. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1410–1434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdy, S., Alexander, M., & Bryce, D. (2018). What pulls ancestral tourists ‘home’? An analysis of ancestral tourist motivations. Tourism Management, 64, 13–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newland, K., & Taylor, C. (2010). Heritage tourism and nostalgia trade: A diaspora niche in the development landscape. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Nurse, K. (2002). Bringing culture into tourism: Festival tourism and Reggae Sunsplash in Jamaica. Social and Economic Studies, 51(1), 127–143.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, D. H. (2006). Management issues for religious heritage attractions. In D. J. Timothy & H. O. Daniel (Eds.), Tourism, religion and spiritual journeys (pp. 104–118). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, L. (1998). The Encyclopedia of the Chinese overseas Chinese. Singapore: Chinese Heritage Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Philippine Department of Tourism. (2017). Pinoy homecoming. Retrieved from http://www.pinoyhomecoming.com.ph/about.do
   Google Scholar
• Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 493–510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinho, P. (2008). African-American roots tourism in Brazil. Latin American Perspectives, 35, 70–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed-Danahay, D. (2015). ‘Like a foreigner in my own homeland’: Writing the dilemmas of return in the Vietnamese American diaspora. Identities, 22(5), 603–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness. London: Pion.
   Google Scholar
• Richmond, A. H. (2002). Globalization: Implications for immigrants and refugees. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25(5), 707–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimmawi, H. S., & Ibrahim, A. A. (1992). Culture and tourism in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Cultural Geography, 12(2), 93–98.
   Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, R. G. (2004). Ages, life stages, and generational cohorts: Decomposing the immigrant first and second generations in the United States. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1160–1205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, W. (1991). Diasporas in modern societies: Myths of homeland and return. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 83–99.
   Google Scholar
• Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2010). Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 472–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson, R., & Gifford, S. M. (2010). Place-making, settlement and well-being: The therapeutic landscapes of recently arrived youth with refugee backgrounds. Health & Place, 16(1), 116–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoene-Harwood, B. (1998). ‘Emerging as the others of our selves’– Scottish multiculturalism and the challenge of the body in postcolonial representation. Scottish Studies Review, 25(1), 54.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., & Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: Implications for theory and research. American Psychologist, 65(4), 237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seaton, T. (2009). Purposeful otherness: Approaches to the management of thanatourism. In R. Sharpley & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 75–108). Salisbury: Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Shackley, M. (2001). Managing sacred sites: Service provision and visitor experience. Padstow: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Shani, A., & Wang, Y. (2011). Destination image development and communication. In Y. Wang & A. Pizam (Eds.), Destination marketing and management: Theories and applications (pp. 130–148). Oxford: CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, F. L. (2001). Learning to be a diaspora Jew through the Israel experience. Studies in Religion, 30(1), 23–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley, R., & Stone, P. R. (eds.). (2009). The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism. Channel view publications.
   Google Scholar
• Sizer, S. R. (1999). The ethical challenges of managing pilgrimages to the holy land. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(2), 85–90.
   Google Scholar
• Stedman, R. C. (2006). Understanding place attachment among second home owners. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(2), 187–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefansson, A. H. (2004). Homecomings to the future: From diasporic mythographies to social projects of return. In F. Markowitz & H. Stefansson (Eds.), Homecomings: Unsettling paths of return (pp. 2–20). Lanham: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Stephenson, M. L. (2002). Traveling to the ancestral homelands: The Aspirations and experiences of a UK Caribbean community. Current Issues in Tourism, 5(5), 378–425.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, P. (2006). A dark tourism spectrum: Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions. Tourism: An Interdisciplinary International Journal, 54(2), 145–160.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, P., & Sharpley, R. (2008). Consuming dark tourism: A thanatological perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 574–595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tie, C., Holden, A., & Park, H. Y. (2015). A ‘reality of return’: The case of the Sarawakian-Chinese visiting China. Tourism Management, 47, 206–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timothy, D., & Olsen, D. (2006). Tourism, religion and spiritual journeys (Vol. 4). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Timothy, D. J., & Teye, V. B. (2004). American children of the African diaspora: Journeys to the motherland. In T. Coles & D. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas and space (pp. 111–123). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trauer, B., & Ryan, C. (2005). Destination image, romance and place experience—an application of intimacy theory in tourism. Tourism Management, 26(4), 481–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, J. L., Ying, Y.-W., & Lee, P. A. (2000). The meaning of ‘being Chinese’ and ‘being American’ variation among Chinese American young adults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(3), 302–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunbridge, J. E., & Ashworth, G. J. (1996). Dissonant heritage: The management of the past as a resource in conflict. Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2016). International Migration Report 2015: Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (pp. 36).
   Google Scholar
• Van den Berghe, P. L. (1994). The quest for the other: Ethnic tourism in San Cristóbal, Mexico. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, S. (2001). Transnationalism and identity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), 573–582.
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, S. (2004). Religion and diaspora. In P. Antes, A. W. Geertz, & R. R. Warne (Eds.), New approaches to the study of religion (Vol. 2, pp. 275–304). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.
   Google Scholar
• VisitScotland. (2009). Homecoming Scotland 2009 – the story. Retrieved from http://www.visitscotland.org/pdf/homecoming_scotland_2009_-_the_story.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, D. B., Kwek, A., & Wang, Y. (2017). Cultural connectedness and visitor segmentation in diaspora Chinese tourism. Tourism Management, 63, 302–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E. (1999). Theory construction as disciplined reflexivity: Tradeoffs in the 90s. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 797–806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessendorf, S. (2007). ‘Roots migrants’: Transnationalism and ‘return’ among second-generation Italians in Switzerland. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(7), 1083–1102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, R., & Dissanayake, W. (1996). Introduction: Tracking the global/local. In R. Wilson & W. Dissanayake (Eds.), Global/local: Cultural Production and the transnational Imaginary (pp. 1–18). Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yankholmes, A., & McKercher, B. (2015). Understanding visitors to slavery heritage sites in Ghana. Tourism Management, 51, 22–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Žabčić, M. R. (2010). Festivals in Diaspora as connection with Croatian migrant communities with their homeland: example film festival in Melbourne, Australia. Paper presented at the Journey of Expression VIII: Celebrating throught Times of Crisis: Prospects and Potential for Tourism, Festivals and Cultural Events, Kopenhagen, Danska.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, M. (2015). Changing generational dynamics in Chinese America across time. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 18(1), 89–116.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, M., & Lee, R. (2013). Transnationalism and community building: Chinese immigrant organisations in the United States. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 647(1), 22–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, M., & Lee, R. (2015). Traversing ancestral and new homelands: Chinese immigrant transnational organisations in the United States. In A. Portes & P. Fernandez-Kelly (Eds.), The state and the grassroots: Immigrant transnational organisations in four continents (pp. 27–59). Oxford, UK: Baghahn Books.
   Google Scholar