References
- Anderson, J. E., & Bodvarsson, ÖB. (2005). Tax evasion on gratuities. Public Finance Review, 33(4), 466–487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142105277408
- Azar, O. H. (2007). The social norm of tipping: A review 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(2), 380–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9029.2007.00165.x
- Azar, O. H. (2010). Tipping motivations and behavior in the US and Israel. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(2), 421–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00581.x
- Azar, O. H. (2011). Business strategy and the social norm of tipping. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(3), 515–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.018
- Brewster, Z. W., & Brauer, J. R. (2017). Tableside justice: Racial differences in retributive reactions to dissatisfaction. Sociology of Race & Ethnicity, 3(3), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649216683966
- Brewster, Z. W., & Lynn, M. (2014). Black-White earnings gap among restaurant servers: A replication, extension, and exploration of consumer racial discrimination in tipping. Sociological Inquiry, 84, 545–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12056.
- Brewster, Z. W., & Nowak III, G. R. (2019). Racial Prejudices, Racialized workplaces, and restaurant servers’ hyperbolic perceptions of black–white tipping differences. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 60(2), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965518777221
- Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Clifton, S. M., Herbers, E., Chen, J., & Abrams, D. M. (2018). The tipping point: A mathematical model for the profit-driven abandonment of restaurant tipping. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 28(2), 023109. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004711
- European Commission. (2019). Comparative price levels. Retrieved October 21 2019 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tec00120/default/table?lang=en
- Eurostat. (2019). Monthly minimum wages – bi-annual data. Retrieved September 24, 2019 from https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=earn_mw_cur&lang=en
- Fellesforbundet. (2019). National collective agreement 2018–2020. Retrieved September 24, 2019 from https://www.fellesforbundet.no/globalassets/lonn-og-tariffsaker/overenskomster-2018-2020/riksavtalen-2018-2020—engelsk.pdf
- Fernandez, S., de Boer, C., & Terrier, L. (2016). Restaurant tipping: The rules are not the same everywhere [Paper presented]. EuroChrie conference, Budapest, Hungary.
- Gastrosuisse. (2019). Gastgewerbliche Löhne. Retrieved October 21 2019 from https://www.gastrosuisse.ch/fileadmin/oeffentliche-dateien/merkblaetter-gastgewerbe-gastrosuisse/downloads/merkblatt-gastgewerbliche-loehne-gueltig-ab-1-april-2019-bzw-ab-sommersaison-2019-gastrosuisse.pdf
- George, V. (1996). The Future of the welfare state. In V. George, & Taylor-Gooby (Eds.), European welfare policy: Squaring the welfare circle (pp. 1–30). Macmillan International Higher Education.
- George, V., & Taylor-Gooby, (Eds.). (1996). European welfare policy: Squaring the welfare circle. Macmillan International Higher Education.
- Hemenway, D. (1993). Prices & choices: Microeconomic vignettes (3rd ed.). University Press of America.
- Hofstede, G. (1983). National cultures in four dimensions: A research-based theory of cultural differences among nations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 13(1-2), 46–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1983.11656358
- HRF. (2019). Minimilön för lönegrupp 1. Retrieved September 24, 2019 from https://www.hrf.net/lon-och-villkor/din-lon/minimilon-for-kvalificerat-yrkesarbete-lonegrupp-1/
- Jacobs, F. (2017). In which countries should you tip and how much? Retrieved September 26, 2019 from https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/in-which-countries-should-you-tip-and-how-much
- Kim, P. B., Nemeschansky, B., & Brandt, L. (2017). An exploratory study of determinants for restaurant servers’ actual tip earnings: Individual characteristics and work conditions. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 20(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2016.1192883
- Lynn, M. (1996). Seven ways to increase servers’ tips. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 37(3), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/001088049603700315
- Lynn, M. (2001). Restaurant tipping and service quality: A tenuous relationship. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010880401421001.
- Lynn, M. (2002). Turnover's relationships with sales, tips and service across restaurants in a chain. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21(4), 443–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4319(02)00026-9
- Lynn, M. (2006). Tipping in restaurants and Around the Globe: An Interdisciplinary Review. In M. Altman (Ed.), Handbook of Contemporary Behavioral Economics: Foundations and Developments (pp. 626–643). M. E. Sharpe.
- Lynn, M. (2009). Determinants and consequences of female attractiveness and sexiness: Realistic tests with restaurant waitresses. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(5), 737–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9379-0
- Lynn, M. (2017). Should U.S. Restaurants abandon tipping? A review of the issues and evidence. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 5(1), 120–159. https://doi.org/10.22381/PIHRM5120174
- Lynn, M. (2018). The effects of tipping on Consumers’ satisfaction with restaurants. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 52(3), 746–755. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12171
- Lynn, M., & Latané, B. (1984). The psychology of restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14(6), 549–561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02259.x
- Lynn, M., & Simons, T. (2000). Predictors of Male and Female Servers' Average Tip Earnings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 241–252. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02314.x
- Lynn, M., & Wang, S. (2013). The indirect effects of tipping policies on patronage intentions through perceived expensiveness,fairness, and quality. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 62–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.003
- Lynn, M., Zinkhan, G. M., & Harris, J. (1993). Consumer tipping: A cross-country study. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(December), 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1086/209363
- Macnaughton, A., & Veall, M. R. (2001). Tipping and the McQuatters formula. Public Finance Review, 29(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/109114210102900201
- Mansfield, E. D. (2016). The political economy of the itching palm: An analysis of tipping norms. International studies quarterly, 60(3), 375–386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqw015
- NHO Reiseliv. (2018). Tipssmell for reiselivet i statsbudsjettet. Retrieved September 27, 2019 from https://www.nhoreiseliv.no/vi-mener/statsbudsjett/statsbudsjett/nyhet/2018/vil-at-tips-behandles-som-lonn/
- NHO Reiseliv. (2019). Siv Jensen bekrefter arbeidsgivers styringsrett over tips. Retrieved September 27, 2019 from https://www.nhoreiseliv.no/vi-mener/tips-i-serveringsbransjen/nyhet/2019/finansministeren-svarer-om-tips/
- Parrett, M. (2015). Beauty and the feast: Examining the effect of beauty on earnings using restaurant tipping data. Journal of Economic Psychology, 49, 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.04.002
- Popple, P. R. (2018). Social work practice and social welfare policy in the United States: A History. Oxford University Press.
- Regjeringen. (2018). Endrede skatteregler for tips. Retrieved September 27, 2019 from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/endrede-skatteregler-for-tips/id2613986/
- Rochefort, D. A. (1986). American social welfare policy. Routledge.
- Rotko, T., Oglesby, L., Künzli, N., & Jantunen, M. J. (2000). Population sampling in European air pollution exposure study, EXPOLIS: Comparisons between the cities and representativeness of the samples. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 10(4), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500101
- Rutherford, A. (2011). ANOVA and ANCOVA: A GLM approach. John Wiley & Sons.
- Schmidgall, R. S., & Tarras, J. (1995). The high cost of violating tip-reporting laws. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001088049503600117
- Shy, O. (2015). Do tips increase workers’ income? Management Science, 61(9), 2041–2051. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1976
- Star, N. (1988). The International Guide to Tipping. New York: Berkley Books.
- Taylor-Gooby, P., Leruth, B., & Chung, H. (2017). After Austerity: Welfare state Transformation Europe after the Great Recession. Oxford University Press.
- Wessels, W. J. (1997). Minimum wages and tipped servers. Economic Inquiry, 35(2), 334–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1997.tb01914.x
- Whaley, J. E., Kim, S. H., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). Drivers and impact of restaurant tipping behavior. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 22(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2019.1570773