References
- Bakar, N. A., & Rosbi, S. (2020). Effect of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to tourism industry. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 7(4), 189–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.74.23
- Baum, T., & Hai, N. T. T. (2020). Hospitality, tourism, human rights and the impact of COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(7), 2397–2407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2020-0242
- Bernard, H. R. (2006). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. In Library (Vol. 4th). http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005018836.html
- Bernard, H. R. (2011). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). Lanham, Md: AltaMira Press.
- Bernard, R. H., & Ryan, G. W. (2010). Analyzing qualitative data: systematic approaches. In Analysis. http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0761924906
- Burkle, F. M. J. (2006). Globalization and disasters: Issues of public health, state capacity and political action. Journal of International Affairs.
- Cohen, E. (2011). Tourism and land grab in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 11(3), 224–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2011.593359
- Correa-Martínez, C. L., Kampmeier, S., Kümpers, P., Schwierzeck, V., Hennies, M., Hafezi, W., … Mellmann, A. (2020). A pandemic in times of global tourism: Superspreading and exportation of COVID-19 cases from a ski area in Austria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 58(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00588-20
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Dang Huy. (2020, August 15). Representative of Google in Asia: “Tourism in Vietnam is showing signs of recovery” [Đại diện Google châu Á: “Du lịch tại Việt Nam đang có dấu hiệu phục hồi”]. Vietnam National Administration of Tourism.
- Foo, L.-P., Chin, M.-Y., Tan, K.-L., & Phuah, K.-T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on tourism industry in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1777951
- Gia Cu. (2020, April 25). TP.Hồ Chí Minh: Gần 150 ngàn lao động du lịch bị ảnh hưởng bởi dịch Covid-19 [Ho Chi Minh City: Nearly 150,000 tourism workers were affected by Covid-19]. Social Newsletter of Vietnam Financial Times.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
- GO. (2020a, April 1). [Directing and operating of the Government and the Prime Minister on May 8, 2020]. Announcement, Press Conference Newsletter of Government Office.
- GO. (2020b, June 23). Một số văn bản CĐĐH của Chính phủ tháng 3/2020 và Chính sách mới có hiệu lực từ 4/2020 [A number of government directive documents in March 2020 and the new policy takes effect from April 2020]. Announcement, Press Conference Newsletter of Government Office. http://vpcp.chinhphu.vn/Home/Mot-so-van-ban-CDDH-cua-Chinh-phu-thang-32020-va-Chinh-sach-moi-co-hieu-luc-tu-42020/20204/27484.vgp
- Goodwin, H. (2020). Latest developments in responsible tourism. Responsible Tourism Partnership. https://responsibletourismpartnership.org/2020/04/12/latest-developments-in-responsible-tourism-04-2020/
- Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
- GOV. (2020). Announcements, press conferences.
- GSO. (2018). Press release on socio-economic situation in the first quarter of 2018 [Thông cáo báo chí tình hình kinh tế - xã hội quý I năm 2018]. https://www.gso.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=382&ItemID=18786
- GSO. (2019). Socio-economic situation in the first quarter of 2019 [Tình hình kinh tế - xã hội quý I năm 2019]. Ha Noi.
- GSO. (2020a). Báo cáo Tình hình kinh tế xã hội 5 tháng đầu năm 2020 [Socio-Economic Situation Report for the first 5 months of 2020]. https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=621&ItemID=19629
- GSO. (2020b). Press release About the socio-economic situation in the first quarter of 2020 [Thông cáo báo chí Về tình hình kinh tế - xã hội quý I năm 2020]. https://www.gso.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=382&ItemID=19557
- GSO. (2020c). Socio-economic situation in the first quarter of 2020. https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=621&ItemID=19558
- GSO. (2020d). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on employment in Vietnam [Báo cáo tác động của dịch COVID-19 đến tình hình lao động việc làm tại Việt Nam]. https://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=382&idmid=2&ItemID=19675
- Hadi, S., & Supardi, S. (2020). Revitalization strategy for small and medium enterprises after Corona virus disease pandemic (covid-19) in Yogyakarta. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, XII(IV). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37896/jxat12.04/1149
- Hall, C. M. (2011). Biosecurity, tourism and mobility: Institutional arrangements for managing tourism-related biological invasions. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 3(3), 256–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2011.576868
- Ha Mai. (2020a, March 22). Đề xuất miễn thuế, giảm phí, chậm nộp tiền thuê đất cho doanh nghiệp du lịch [Proposal for tax exemption, reduction of fees, late payment of land rental to tourism businesses]. Financial Newsletter of Thanh Nien Newspaper.
- Ha Mai. (2020b, April 13). 90% doanh nghiệp du lịch tại TP.HCM đã ngưng hoạt động [90% of tourism businesses in Ho Chi Minh City have ceased operations]. Financial - Business Newsletter of Thanh Nien Newspaper.
- HCM Tourism Department. (2020, February 6). Performance results of the tourism industry of Ho Chi Minh City in 2019, operational directions for 2020 [Kết quả hoạt động của ngành Du lịch Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2019, phương hướng hoạt động năm 2020]. Hochiminh City Tourism Association.
- Ho Ha. (2020, April 9). Du lịch “đóng băng”, mục tiêu năm 2020 khó thành [Tourism “freezing”, the goal of 2020 is difficult to achieve]. Travel Newsletter of the Vietnam Investment Review. https://baodautu.vn/du-lich-dong-bang-muc-tieu-nam-2020-kho-thanh-d119659.html
- Hong Thao. (2020). Kích cầu du lịch nội địa trong mùa dịch Covid-19 [Stimulate domestic tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic season]. Economic Newsletter of Vietnam Communist Party Newspaper. http://dangcongsan.vn/kinh-te/kich-cau-du-lich-noi-dia-trong-mua-dich-covid-19-549009.html
- Hystad, P. W., & Keller, P. C. (2008). Towards a destination tourism disaster management framework: Long-term lessons from a forest fire disaster. Tourism Management, 29(1), 151–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.02.017
- Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: Local-global responsibility and action. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2020-0014
- Kuo, H. I., Chen, C. C., Tseng, W. C., Ju, L. F., & Huang, B. W. (2008). Assessing impacts of SARS and Avian Flu on international tourism demand to Asia. Tourism Management, 29(5), 917–928. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.10.006
- Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2009). Asian financial crisis, avian flu and terrorist threats: Are shocks to Malaysian tourist arrivals permanent or transitory? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 14(3), 301–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660903024034
- Mair, J., Ritchie, B. W., & Walters, G. (2016). Towards a research agenda for post-disaster and post-crisis recovery strategies for tourist destinations: A narrative review. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.932758
- Mansfeld, Y. (1999). Cycles of war, terror, and peace: Determinants and management of crisis and recovery of the Israeli tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759903800107
- Maphanga, P. M., & Henama, U. S. (2019). The tourism impact of ebola in Africa: Lessons on crisis management. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure.
- McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547729
- McKibbin, W. J., & Sidorenko, A. A. (2006). Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis Global Macroeconomic Consequences of. The Crawford School of Public Policy.
- Ministry of Culture, S. and T. (2020). Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (2020, Apr 9). Official Letter No. 1399/BVHTTDL-TCDL: Proposing additional solutions to remove difficulties for the tourism industry affected by COVID-19 epidemic [Bộ văn hóa, thể thao và du lịch (2020, Apr 9). https://luatvietnam.vn/chinh-sach/cong-van-1399-bvhttdl-tcdl-de-xuat-bo-sung-giai-phap-thao-go-kho-khan-cho-nganh-du-lich-182469-d6.html
- Ministry of Finance. (2020). Circular No. 35/2020/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance [Thông tư số 35/2020/TT-BTC của Bộ Tài chính]. http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=199991
- Ministry of Health. (2020, June 4). Tại sao Việt Nam chiến thắng dịch COVID-19? [Why did Vietnam win against the COVID-19 pandemic?]. News Page about Covid-19 of the Ministry of Health.
- Morgan, D. L. (2006). Focus group. In V. Jupp (Ed.), The Sage dictionary of social research methods (pp. 121–123). SAGE Publications.
- National Business Registration. (2020). Business Registration Situation in March and the first quater of 2020 [Tình hình đăng ký kinh doanh tháng 3 và quý 1 năm 2020]. In Ministry of Planning and Investment. https://dangkykinhdoanh.gov.vn/vn/tin-tuc/597/5076/tinh-hinh-dang-ky-doanh-nghiep-thang-3-va-quy-i-nam-2020.aspx
- Nepal, S. K. (2020). Travel and tourism after COVID-19 – Business as usual or opportunity to reset? Tourism Geographies, 22, 646–650. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760926
- Nhat Nam. (2019, December 9). Để du lịch Việt Nam thực sự cất cánh [For Vietnam tourism really to take off]. Governmentnews. http://baochinhphu.vn/Du-lich/De-du-lich-Viet-Nam-thuc-su-cat-canh/382074.vgp
- Nhat Nam. (2020, April 14). Miễn, giảm tiền phòng cho khách nước ngoài bị mắc kẹt vì COVID-19 [Free, reduce room rate for foreign tourists trapped by COVID-19]. Travel Newsletter by Government Newspaper. http://baochinhphu.vn/Du-lich/Mien-giam-tien-phong-cho-khach-nuoc-ngoai-bi-mac-ket-vi-COVID19/392939.vgp
- Nicolaides, C., Avraam, D., Cueto-Felgueroso, L., González, M. C., & Juanes, R. (2020). Hand-hygiene mitigation strategies against global disease spreading through the air transportation network. Risk Analysis, 40(4), 723–740. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13438
- Niewiadomski, P. (2020). COVID-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 651–656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757749
- Outbox Consulting. (2020, March 11). Báo cáo xu hướng du lịch Việt Nam 2020 [Report on Vietnam’s tourism trends 2020]. Outbox Consulting.
- Page, S., Yeoman, I., Munro, C., Connell, J., & Walker, L. (2006). A case study of best practice—Visit Scotland's prepared response to an influenza pandemic. Tourism Management, 27(3), 361–393. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.01.001
- Piketty, T. (2015). About capital in the twenty first century. American Economic Review, 105(5), 48–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151060
- Postill, J, & Pink, S. (2012). Social media ethnography: The digital researcher in a messy web. Media International Australia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214500114
- Prideaux, B., Thompson, M., & Pabel, A. (2020). Lessons from COVID-19 can prepare global tourism for the economic transformation needed to combat climate change. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 667–678. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762117
- Renaud, L. (2020). Reconsidering global mobility – Distancing from mass cruise tourism in the aftermath of COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 679–689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762116
- Ritchie, B. W. (2004). Chaos, crises and disasters: A strategic approach to crisis management in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 25(6), 669–683. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.004
- Romano, F. (2020). An estimate of the economic impact of COVID-19 on Australia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581382
- Salmons, J. (2016). Using social media in data collection: Designing studies with the qualitative e-research framework. In The SAGE handbook of social media research methods (pp. 177–196). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473983847
- Scott, D., & Gössling, S. (2015). What could the next 40 years hold for global tourism? Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2015.1075739
- Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
- Silverman, D. (2009). Doing qualitative research. Sage Publications.
- Siu, A., & Wong, Y. C. R. (2004). Economic impact of SARS: The case of Hong Kong. Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/1535351041747996
- Thai Hai. (2020, July). Lao động ngành Du lịch vượt khó [Tourism workers overcome difficulties]. Economic Newsletter of Government Inspectorate Newspaper.
- Thanh Binh. (2020, June 21). 156 khách sạn đăng ký phục vụ các ly có trả phí [156 hotels registered for paid isolation’]. Economic Newsletter of the Government Newspaper. http://baochinhphu.vn/Thi-truong/156-khach-san-dang-ky-phuc-vu-cach-ly-co-tra-phi/390908.vgp
- Thi Hong. (2020, April 11). Đề xuất đưa chủ homestay vào diện được hỗ trợ trong gói 62.000 tỷ đồng [Proposal to bring homestay owner into the support of VND 62,000 billion package]. Travel Newsletter of the Vietnam Investment Review.
- Thuy, L. (2020, May 14). Stimulating domestic tourism: Vietnamese people benefit [Kích cầu du lịch nội địa: Người Việt hưởng lợi]. Vietnamtourism. http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/32524
- Timothy, D., & Hall, C. M. (2019). Biological invasion, biosecurity, tourism, and globalisation. In Handbook of globalisation and tourism. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786431295.00019
- Tourist Information Center. (2020, July 8). Travel activities are increasingly active with the growth of the business system [Hoạt động lữ hành ngày càng sôi động với sự lớn mạnh của hệ thống doanh nghiệp]. Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. http://www.vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/32531
- Tran Thuy. (2020, June 20). Doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa thiếu vốn: Bốn tháng không thu được 1 đồng, không còn sức chờ hưởng hỗ trợ [Small and medium enterprises lack of capital: Four months without earning 1 VND, no longer waiting for support]. Vietnamnet. https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/dau-tu/doanh-nghiep-nho-va-vua-loay-hoay-khong-loi-thoat-650148.html
- Travelmag. (2020). Du lịch Việt Nam tăng trưởng “thần kỳ” trong năm 2019 [Vietnam’s tourism grew “miraculously” in 2019], Analysis Newsletter of Travelmag on April 19, 2020]. Travelmag.
- Tremblay-Huet, S. (2020). COVID-19 leads to a new context for the “right to tourism”: A reset of tourists’ perspectives on space appropriation is needed. Tourism Geographies, 22, 720–723. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759136
- Trinh Nguyen. (2020, April 14). Rà soát khách du lịch nước ngoài mắc kẹt trong dịch Covid-19: Nhiều người không muốn về nước [Check foreign tourists trapped in the Covid-19 pandemic: Many people do not want to go home]. Travel Newsletter of Thanh Nien.
- Trong Quynh. (2020, April 8). Chính phủ báo cáo Uỷ ban thường vụ Quốc hội về các biện pháp hỗ trợ người dân gặp khó khăn do đại dịch COVID-19 [The Government reports to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly on measures to support people facing difficulties due to the COVID-1. News Newsletter of the Vietnam National Assembly Web Portal. http://quochoi.vn/tintuc/Pages/tin-hoat-dong-cua-quoc-hoi.aspx?ItemID=44701
- Ulak, N. (2020). A preliminary study of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: A pandemic leading crisis in tourism industry of Nepal. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, 10, 108–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28763
- UNWTO. (2005). UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2005 Edition. In UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2005 Edition. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284411900
- UNWTO. (2020). Impact assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak on international tourism. https://www.unwto.org/impact-assessment-of-the-covid-19-outbreak-on-international-tourism
- Viet Chung. (2020, March 7). Chính phủ tung gói tín dụng 250.000 tỷ đồng giúp doanh nghiệp vượt qua dịch Covid-19 [The government has launched a credit package of VND 250,000 billion to help businesses overcome the Covid-19 pandemic]. Financial Newsletter of Vietnam Finance. https://vietnamfinance.vn/chinh-phu-tung-goi-tin-dung-250000-ty-dong-giup-doanh-nghiep-vuot-qua-dich-covid-19-20180504224235510.htm
- VNAT. (2019). The first quarter of 2019: The number of international visitors to Vietnam reached more than 4.5 million [Quý I năm 2019: lượng khách quốc tế đến Việt Nam đạt hơn 4,5 triệu lượt]. http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/28599
- VNAT. (2020a). Khách quốc tế đến Việt Nam tháng 12 và cả năm 2019 [International tourists to Vietnam in December and all of 2019]. Ha Noi.
- VNAT. (2020b). Khách quốc tế đến Việt Nam tháng 3 và 3 tháng năm 2020 [International tourists to Vietnam in March and 3 months of 2020]. In Statistics of International arrivals of Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/statistic/international
- VNAT. (2020c, April 8). Khách du lịch trên toàn quốc giảm mạnh trong 3 tháng đầu năm 2020 do ảnh hưởng của Covid-19 [Tourists across the country plummeted in the first 3 months of 2020 due to the influence of Covid-19]. News-Event Newsletter of Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/31948
- Walker, L. (2005). Crisis management in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 26(3), 478–479. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.02.003
- Wang, Y. S. (2009). The impact of crisis events and macroeconomic activity on Taiwan’s international inbound tourism demand. Tourism Management, 30(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.010
- Wang, L., Wang, Y., Jin, S., Wu, Z., Chin, D. P., Koplan, J. P., & Wilson, M. E. (2008). Emergence and control of infectious diseases in China. The Lancet, 372(9649), 1598–1605. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61365-3
- Wen, J., Kozak, M., Yang, S., & Liu, F. (2020). COVID-19: Potential effects on Chinese citizens’ lifestyle and travel. Tourism Review. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2020-0110
- Wendy, A. (2020, May 1). How to help the travel and tourism industry during the coronavirus crisis. Lifestyle Newsletter of Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/wendyaltschuler/2020/03/17/how-to-help-the-travel-and-tourism-industry-during-the-coronavirus-crisis/?fbclid=IwAR3irFmIWY4Cen4xvEEaKjKMqb3k1hvNz7YvW-90FEZ9ZOCNjY40urQGuFM#22bcb4977235
- Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome: Impact on travel and tourism. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(2), 53–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.04.004
- Xuan Thanh. (2020, April 4). Du lịch chạm đáy’’ vì Covid-19 [Tourism hit rock bottom because of Covid-19]. Travel Newsletter of Khanh Hoa Electronic Newspaper. https://baokhanhhoa.vn/du-lich/202004/du-lich-cham-day-vi-covid-19-8157646/?fbclid=IwAR0rTDDvIu5FLJMcRmuMblTwBaDPohhStZMIunYFMAUtUq0mckZiDJjyQoE
- Zeng, B., Carter, R. W., & De Lacy, T. (2005). Short-term perturbations and tourism effects: The case of SARS in China. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(4), 306–322. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500508668220