References
- Abreu-Novais, M., Ruhanen, L., & Arcodia, C. (2016). Destination competitiveness: What we know, what we know but shouldn’t and what we don’t know but should. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(6), 492–512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1091443
- Ajitabh, A., & Momaya, K. (2004). Competitiveness of firms: Review of theory, frameworks and models. Singapore Management Review, 26(1), 45–61. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2146487
- Alegre, J., & Garau, J. (2011). The factor structure of tourist satisfaction at sun and sand destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509349270
- Ali, F., Kim, W. G., Li, J. J., & Cobanoglu, C. (2018). A comparative study of covariance and partial least squares based structural equation modelling in hospitality and tourism research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 416–435. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0409
- Álvarez-García, J., del Río, M. D. L. C., Vázquez-Huerta, G., & Rueda-Armengot, C. (2017). Smart city and tourism: An analysis of development of Caceres (Spain) as a smart city. In M. Peris-Ortiz, D. Bennett, & D. Pérez-Bustamante Yábar (Eds.), Sustainable smart cities (pp. 199–218). Springer.
- Armenski, T., Gomezelj, D. O., Djurdjev, B., Ćurčić, N., & Dragin, A. (2012). Tourism destination competitiveness-between two flags. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 25(2), 485–502. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2012.11517519
- Baggio, R., Micera, R., & Del Chiappa, G. (2020). Smart tourism destinations: A critical reflection. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 11(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2019-0011
- Bhawsar, P., & Chattopadhyay, U. (2015). Competitiveness: Review, reflections and directions. Global Business Review, 16(4), 665–679. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915581115
- Bowtell, J. (2015). Assessing the value and market attractiveness of the accessible tourism industry in Europe: A focus on major travel and leisure companies. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1(3), 203–222. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2015-0012
- Buhalis, D. (2003). Etourism: Information technology for strategic tourism management. Prentice Hall Financial Times.
- Cabral Ghizoni de Sousa, T. (2018). Modelo de Competitividad de Destino Turistico Inteligente [PhD thesis]. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
- Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment (Vol. 17). Sage Publications.
- Claver-Cortés, E., Molina-Azorı, J. F., & Pereira-Moliner, J. (2007). Competitiveness in mass tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(3), 727–745. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.010
- Cooper, C. (2006). Knowledge management and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.04.005
- Croes, R., Ridderstaat, J., & Shapoval, V. (2020). Extending tourism competitiveness to human development. Annals of Tourism Research, 80, 102825. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102825
- Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of test. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
- Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1999). Tourism, competitiveness and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137–152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00196-3
- Dominguez Vila, T., Darcy, S., & Gonzalez Alen, E. (2015). Competing for the disability tourism market – A comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia. Tourism Management, 47, 261–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.008
- Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Dwyer, W. (2010). Tourism economics and policy. Channel View Publications.
- Femenia-Serra, F., & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2021). Do smart tourism destinations really work? The case of Benidorm. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 365–384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1561478
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
- García-Sánchez, A., Siles, D., & Vázquez-Méndez, M. D. M. (2019). Competitiveness and innovation: Effects on prosperity. Anatolia, 30(2), 200–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1519179
- Glover, P., & Prideaux, B. (2009). Implications of population ageing for the development of tourism products and destinations. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766708098169
- González-Reverté, F. (2019). Building sustainable smart destinations: An approach based on the development of Spanish smart tourism plans. Sustainability, 11(23), 6874. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236874
- Gooroochurn, N., & Sugiyarto, G. (2004). Measuring competitiveness in the travel and tourism industry. Discussion Paper-TTRI. Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham.
- Gretzel, U., Reino, S., Kopera, S., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism challenges. Journal of Tourism, 16(1), 41–47. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hjh&AN=111435363&site=ehost-live
- Gretzel, U., & Scarpino-Johns, M. (2018). Destination resilience and smart tourism destinations. Tourism Review International, 22(3–4), 263–276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218X15369305779065
- Guaita Martinez, J. M., Martín Martín, J. M., & Salinas Fernández, J. A. (2020). Innovation in the measurement of tourism competitiveness. In M.-Á. Galindo-Martín, M.-T. Mendez-Picazo, & M.-S. Castaño-Martínez (Eds.), Analyzing the relationship between innovation, value creation, and entrepreneurship (pp. 268–288). IGI Global.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). SAGE.
- Hanafiah, M. H., & Zulkifly, M. I. (2019). Tourism destination competitiveness and tourism performance. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 29(5), 592–621. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-07-2018-0045
- Herrera Priano, F. (2018). Ciudades inteligentes en España: ¿se está produciendo realmente un cambio? Equipamiento y servicios municipales (183), 40–45.
- Hesterberg, T. (2011). Bootstrap. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 3(6), 497–526. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.182
- Hjalager, A. (2002). Repairing innovation defectiveness in tourism. Tourism Management, 23(5), 465–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00013-4
- Huertas, A., Moreno, A., & Ha My, T. (2019). Which destination is smarter? Application of the (SA)6 framework to establish a ranking of smart tourist destinations. International Journal of Information Systems and Tourism (IJIST), 4(1), 19–28. http://uajournals.com/ojs/index.php/ijist/article/view/437
- Ivanov, S. H., & Webster, C. (2013). Globalisation as a driver of destination competitiveness. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 628–633. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.07.010
- Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A., Femenia-Serra, F., Perles-Ribes, J. F., & Giner-Sánchez, D. (2021). Measuring the progress of smart destinations: The use of indicators as a management tool. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100531. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100531
- Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A., Mazón, J. N., & Perles-Ivars, ÁF. (2019). Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: A new scenario for destination management? Current Issues in Tourism, 22(13), 1581–1600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1388771
- Knežević Cvelbar, L., Dwyer, L., Koman, M., & Mihalič, T. (2016). Drivers of destination competitiveness in tourism: A global investigation. Journal of Travel Research, 55(8), 1041–1050. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515617299
- Koo, C., Shin, S., Gretzel, U., Cannon Hunter, W., & Chung, N. (2016). Conceptualization of smart tourism destination competitiveness. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 26(4), 561–576. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2016.26.4.561
- Lam, L. W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(9), 1328–1334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.026
- Lee, P., Cannon Hunter, W., & Chung, N. (2020). Smart tourism city: Developments and transformations. Sustainability, 12(10), 3958. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103958
- Le Serre, D., Weber, K., Legoherel, P., & Errajaa, K. (2017). Culture as a moderator of cognitive age and travel motivation/perceived risk relations among seniors. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(5), 455–466. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-02-2014-0869
- Lheureux-De-Freitas, J., & Macanar, M. A. (2013). Porto Alegre: A Brazilian city searching to be smarter. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o '13), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (pp. 56–64). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/2479724.2479736
- Liu, Z., Sokhn, M., Le Calvé, A., & Schegg, R. (2016). City eye: Accessibility for all. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (ICEGOV '15-16), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (pp. 350–351). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/2910019.2910020
- Loureiro, S. M. C., & Sarmento Ferreira, E. (2015). Tourism destination competitiveness in São Tomé and Príncipe. Anatolia, 26(2), 217–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2014.934700
- Madeiros Barbosa, L. G. (2008). Midiendo la competitividad en los destinos: el modelo brasilero. El conocimiento como valor diferencial de los destinos turísticos, International Conference of Tourism, Málaga.
- Matos, A., Pinto, B., Barros, F., Martins, S., Martins, J., & Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2019, April). Smart cities and smart tourism: What future do they bring? In World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 358–370). Springer.
- Miller, G. (2014). Economic Impact and Travel Patterns of Accessible Tourism in Europe Service. Contract SI2. ACPROCE052481700, Commission européenne, DG Entreprises et industrie. http://tinyurl.com/lzc6962
- Modica, P., & Uysal, M. (2016). Island tourism: Sustainability, competitiveness, and quality- of-life. CABI.
- Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Egorova, G., Peretó Rovira, A., & Más-Ferrando, A. (2018). Exploring the use of artificial intelligence in price maximisation in the tourism sector: Its application in the case of Airbnb in the Valencian community. Investigaciones Regionales, 42(2018), 113–128. https://investigacionesregionales.org/es/article/exploring-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-price-maximisation-in-the-tourism-sector-its-application-in-the-case-of-airbnb-in-the-valencian-community/
- Moreno-Izquierdo, L., & Pedreño-Muñoz, A. (2020). Europa frente a EE.UU. y China. Prevenir el declive en la era de la inteligencia artificial. KDP Publishing.
- Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Ramón-Rodríguez, A., & Such-Devesa, M. J. (2018). The challenge of long-term tourism competitiveness in the age of innovation: Spain as a case study. Investigaciones Regionales, 42, 13–34.
- Moreno Alonso, C. (2015). Desarrollo de un modelo de evaluación de ciudades basado en el concepto de Ciudad Inteligente (Smart City) [PhD thesis]. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
- Müller, T., Schuberth, F., & Henseler, J. (2018). PLS path modeling–A confirmatory approach to study tourism technology and tourist behavior. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 249–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0106
- Muñoz de Dios, M. D., Hernandez-Galan, J., & De La Fuente Robles, Y. (2014). Social work and smart cities: Towards a new conception of accessibility in tourism destinations for the promotion of personal autonomy. Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Bienestar, 3, 63–68. https://revistas.um.es/azarbe/article/view/198371
- Neuhofer, B., & Buhalis, D. (2013). Experience, co-creation and technology: Issues, challenges and trends for technology enhanced tourism experiences. In S. McCabe (Ed.), Handbook of tourism marketing book (pp. 124–139). Routledge.
- OECD. (2017). Preventing ageing unequally. http://www.oecd.org/employment/preventing-ageing-unequally-9789264279087-en.htm
- OECD. (2020). Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery. http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/rebuilding-tourism-for-the-future-covid-19-policy-responses-and-recovery-bced9859/
- Oom do Valle, P., & Assaker, G. (2016). Using partial least squares structural equation modeling in tourism research: A review of past research and recommendations for future applications. Journal of Travel Research, 55(6), 695–708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515569779
- Perles-Ribes, J. F., Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Torregrosa-Marí, M. T., & Such-Devesa, M. J. (2020). The relationship between satisfaction and tourism expenditure in ‘sun and beach’ destinations: A structural equation modelling approach. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1849046
- Perles-Ribes, J. F., Ramón-Rodríguez, A. B., Moreno-Izquierdo, L., & Such-Devesa, M. J. (2020). Machine learning techniques as a tool for predicting overtourism: The case of Spain. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 825–838. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2383
- Poot, J. (2008). Demographic change and regional competitiveness: The effects of immigration and ageing. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 4(1–2), 129–145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2008.01691
- Porter, M. E. (2011). Competitive advantage of nations: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster.
- Porto, N., Rucci, A. C., & Ciaschi, M. (2018). Tourism accessibility competitiveness. A regional approach for Latin American countries. Journal of Regional Research Investigaciones Regionales, 42, 75–91. https://investigacionesregionales.org/en/article/tourism-accessibility-competitiveness-a-regional-approach-for-latin-american-countries/
- Porto, N., Rucci, A. C., Darcy, S., Garbero, N., & Almond, B. (2019). Critical elements in accessible tourism for destination competitiveness and comparison: A principal component analysis from Oceania and South America. Tourism Management, 75, 169–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.012
- Pulina, M., & Biagi, B. (2010). The evolution of tourism demand and supply: A regional policy study. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 3(3), 237–256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTP.2010.037995
- Ramón-Roriguez, A.B., Fernández Alcantud, A., López Morales, J. M., Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Perles-Ribes, J. F., & Such Devesa, M. J. (2017). Innovación y destinos inteligentes: oportunidad para el know how turístico español. Spanish Commercial Information, ICE: Economy Magazine, 894, 137–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32796/ice.2017.894.1908
- Ring, A. (2016). Alternative models within the framework of the World Economic Forum’s Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index – Suggestions for theory development. Tourism Travel and Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally, 42. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1667&context=ttra
- Ritchie, J. R. B., & Crouch, G. I. (2003). The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. CABI Publishing.
- Romão, J., & Nijkamp, P. (2019). Impacts of innovation, productivity and specialization on tourism competitiveness–a spatial econometric analysis on European regions. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(10), 1150–1169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1366434
- Santos, M. C., Veiga, C., & Águas, P. (2016). Tourism services: Facing the challenge of new tourist profiles. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 8(6), 654–669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-09-2016-0048
- SEGITTUR y TECH Friendly. (2020). Guía para la reactivación del turismo en los destinos turísticos inteligentes ante el COVID-19. https://www.segittur.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/guia-reactivacion-dtis-covid.pdf
- Shanker, D. (2008). ICT and tourism: Challenges and opportunities. International conference on Tourism in India-Challenges Ahead, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (pp. 50–58). http://hdl.handle.net/2259/185
- Sousa, T. (2018). Modelo de competitividade de destino turístico inteligente [PhD thesis]. University of Alicante. http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/77603
- Stamboulis, Y., & Skayannis, P. (2003). Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00047-X
- Suryotrisongko, H., Kusuma, R. C., & Ginardi, R. H. (2017). Four-hospitality: Friendly smart city design for disability. Procedia Computer Science, 124, 615–623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.197
- Tsiotsou, R. H., Ratten, V., & Tsiotsou, R. (2010). Future research directions in tourism marketing. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28(4), 533–544. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501011053702
- Tussyadiah, L. P., & Pesonen, J. (2016). Drivers and barriers of peer-to-peer accommodation stay – an exploratory study with American and Finnish travelers. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(6), 703–720. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1141180
- United Nation World Tourism Organization. (2014). Manual sobre Turismo Accesible Para Todos: Alianzas públicas-privadas y buenas prácticas. http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/accesible_aa_manual_turismo_accesible_omt_final.pdf
- Usakli, A., & Kucukergin, K. G. (2018). Using partial least squares structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(11), 3462–3512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2017-0753
- Weaver, D. B. (2017). Sustainability and mass tourism: A contradiction in terms? In D. Harrison & R. Sharpley (Eds.), Mass tourism in a small world (pp. 63–74). CABI.
- World Economic Forum [WEF]. (2011). The global competitiveness report 2010-2011. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2010-11.pdf.2
- World Health Organization. (2013). Disability. Report by the Secretariat A66/12, 11 March 2013, including EB132/10. WHO.
- World Health Organization. (2020). Disability and health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health
- World Health Organization & World Bank. (2011). World report on disability. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/