COVID-19 vaccine confidence and tourism at the early stage of a voluntary mass vaccination campaign: a PMT segmentation analysis

References

• Adongo, C. A., Amenumey, E. K., Kumi-Kyereme, A., & Dubé, E. (2021). Beyond fragmentary: A proposed measure for travel vaccination concerns. Tourism management, 83, 104180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ananasso, A. (2021, March 14). Doxa, italiani ‘scettici’, propensi a vaccinarsi ma vorrebbero scegliere. AstraZeneca ultimo in classifica. La Repubblica. https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2021/03/14/news/doxa-291978512/
   Google Scholar
• ANSA. (2021, March 20). No Mask e No Vax in piazza a Torino: una denuncia, 30 multati e un agente ferito. https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2021/03/20/no-mask-e-no-vax-in-piazza-a-torino-30-multati_95fdd450-0106-4735-a5a2-d27dbad58fec.html
   Google Scholar
• Auerbach, C. F., & Silverstein, L. B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhati, A. S., Mohammadi, Z., Agarwal, M., Kamble, Z., & Donough-Tan, G. (2020). Motivating or manipulating: The influence of health-protective behaviour and media engagement on post-COVID-19 travel. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829567
   Google Scholar
• Burruss, G. W., Jaynes, C. M., Moule Jr., R. K., & Fairchild, R. E. (2021). Modeling individual defiance of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation strategies: Insights from the expanded model of deterrence and protection motivation theory. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 00938548211010315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danis, K., Georgakopoulou, T., Stavrou, T., Laggas, D., & Panagiotopoulos, T. (2010). Socioeconomic factors play a more important role in childhood vaccination coverage than parental perceptions: A cross-sectional study in Greece. Vaccine, 28(7), 1861–1869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Chiappa, G. (2021). Come cambia il comportamento dei turisti al tempo del COVID-19: un’indagine esplorativa in Italia. In A. Morvillo & E. Becheri (Eds.), Rapporto sul Turismo Italiano 2019–2020 XXIV Edizione. CNR Edizioni.
   Google Scholar
• Dolnicar, S., & Grün, B. (2008). Challenging “factor–cluster segmentation”. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508318910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubé, E., Laberge, C., Guay, M., Bramadat, P., Roy, R., & Bettinger, J. A. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: An overview. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 9(8), 1763–1773. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.24657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2021). COVID-19 cripples global restaurant and hospitality industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1487–1490. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1773416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enkel, S. L., Attwell, K., Snelling, T. L., & Christian, H. E. (2018). ‘Hesitant compliers’: Qualitative analysis of concerned fully-vaccinating parents. Vaccine, 36(44), 6459–6463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedeli, G. (2020). ‘Fake news’ meets tourism: A proposed research agenda. Annals of Tourism Research, 80, 102684. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, D. L., Prentice-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 407–429. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredline, E., & Faulkner, B. (2000). Host community reactions: A cluster analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 763–784. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00103-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerend, M. A., & Shepherd, J. E. (2012). Predicting human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in young adult women: Comparing the health belief model and theory of planned behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 44(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-012-9366-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg, J., Han, S., Lehmann, D., & Hong, J. (2009). The role of hubs in the adoption process. Journal of Marketing, 73(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.2.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger, M. S., Smith, S. R., Keech, J. J., Moyers, S. A., & Hamilton, K. (2020). Predicting social distancing intention and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrated social cognition model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(10), 713–727. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, E. A., & Wu, J. W. (2020). Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(4), 325–330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00634-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid, U., Okafor, L. E., & Burzynska, K. (2021). Does the size of the tourism sector influence the economic policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic? Current Issues in Tourism, 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1874311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Bonn, M., & Hall, C. M. (2021). What influences COVID-19 biosecurity behaviour for tourism? Current Issues in Tourism, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalski, R. M., & Black, K. J. (2021). Protection motivation and the COVID-19 virus. Health Communication, 36(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1847448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuščer, K., Eichelberger, S., & Peters, M. (2021). Tourism organizations’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: An investigation of the lockdown period. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1928010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landi, S. (2021, March 21). COVID Lombardia: il terzo picco a un anno dal primo, ondate a confronto. Corriere della Sera. https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/21_marzo_21/COVID-lombardia-terzo-picco-un-anno-primo-ondate-confrontoa833f560-89bb-11eb-8483-12afb3b5bb7e.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Larson, H. J., Clarke, R. M., Jarrett, C., Eckersberger, E., Levine, Z., Schulz, W. S., & Paterson, P. (2018). Measuring trust in vaccination: A systematic review. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 14(7), 1599–1609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1459252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, H. J., Schulz, W. S., Tucker, J. D., & Smith, D. M. (2015). Measuring vaccine confidence: Introducing a global vaccine confidence index. PLoS Currents, 7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.ce0f6177bc97332602a8e3fe7d7f7cc4
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. J., Kang, K. A., Wang, M. P., Zhao, S. Z., Wong, J. Y. H., O’Connor, S., Yang, S. C., & Shin, S. (2020). Associations between COVID-19 misinformation exposure and belief with COVID-19 knowledge and preventive behaviors: Cross-sectional online study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11), e22205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2196/22205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling, M., Kothe, E. J., & Mullan, B. A. (2019). Predicting intention to receive a seasonal influenza vaccination using protection motivation theory. Social Science & Medicine, 233, 87–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, K. E., Goodridge, S., Lewis, H., Lingard, S. W., Din, S., Tidley, M., Roberts, R. J., Williams, N. S., & Hayes, S. (2015). Occupational vaccination of health care workers: Uptake, attitudes and potential solutions. Public Health, 129(6), 755–762. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.02.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., de Graaf, K., & Larson, H. J. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(3), 337–348. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01056-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menichini, R. (2021, March 13). No vax e complottisti: i social corrono ai ripari contro la disinformazione. La Repubblica. https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2021/03/13/news/no_vax_e_complottisti_i_social_corrono_ai_ripari_contro_la_disinformazione-292022010/
   Google Scholar
• Mesch, G. S., & Schwirian, K. P. (2019). Vaccination hesitancy: Fear, trust, and exposure expectancy of an Ebola outbreak. Heliyon, 5(7), e02016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milano, R., Baggio, R., & Piattelli, R. (2011). The effects of online social media on tourism websites. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, 471–483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0503-0_38
   Google Scholar
• Milano, C., & Koens, K. (2021). The paradox of tourism extremes. Excesses and restraints in times of COVID-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1908967
   Google Scholar
• Ministero della Salute (2021). COVID-19 - Anziani e persone fragili. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioContenutiNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=italianoandid=5416andarea=nuovoCoronavirusandmenu=vuoto
   Google Scholar
• Moreno-González, A. A., León, C. J., & Fernández-Hernández, C. (2020). Health destination image: The influence of public health management and well-being conditions. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 16, 100430. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moya Calderón, M., Chavarría Esquivel, K., Arrieta García, M. M., & Lozano, C. B. (2021). Tourist behaviour and dynamics of domestic tourism in times of COVID-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1947993
   Google Scholar
• Prentice-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (1986). Protection motivation theory and preventive health: Beyond the health belief model. Health Education Research, 1(3), 153–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/her/1.3.153
   Google Scholar
• Qiao, G., Ruan, W. J., & Pabel, A. (2021). Understanding tourists’ protection motivations when faced with overseas travel after COVID-19: The case of South Koreans travelling to China. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1928011
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, S. C., Jamison, A. M., Freimuth, V. S., An, J., & Hancock, G. R. (2017). Determinants of influenza vaccination among high-risk Black and white adults. Vaccine, 35(51), 7154–7159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rather, R. A. (2021). Monitoring the impacts of tourism-based social media, risk perception and fear on tourist’s attitude and revisiting behaviour in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1884666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, J. (2021, January 4). What COVID-19 vaccines mean for the return of travel. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/what-will-COVID-19-vaccines-mean-for-travel-coronavirus
   Google Scholar
• Regione Lombardia. (2021). Scheda Informativa: Economia. https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioRedazionale/scopri-la-lombardia/economia/economia-lombarda
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Cañizares, S. M., Cabeza-Ramírez, L. J., Muñoz-Fernández, G., & Fuentes-García, F. J. (2021). Impact of the perceived risk from Covid-19 on intention to travel. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 970–984. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, G. K., Tatar, O., Dube, E., Amsel, R., Knauper, B., Naz, A., Perez, S., & Rosberger, Z. (2018). The vaccine hesitancy scale: Psychometric properties and validation. Vaccine, 36(5), 660–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen, R., & Connor, B. A. (2005). Vaccines in travel health: From risk assessment to priorities. Journal of Travel Medicine, 12(1), 26–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, C., Wang, H., Wang, W., & Luo, X. (2019). Characteristics associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults. Journal of Public Health, 41(3), e267–e273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang, N. K., & Wong, O. (2021). Traveler’s adoption of travel advisory system: A case of Hong Kong’s outbound travel alert system. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(2), 213–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1884637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Weerd, W., Timmermans, D. R., Beaujean, D. J., Oudhoff, J., & van Steenbergen, J. E. (2011). Monitoring the level of government trust, risk perception and intention of the general public to adopt protective measures during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-575
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, M., Kunasekaran, P., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2021). What influences people’s willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine for international travel? Current Issues in Tourism, 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1929874
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2021). Rolling updates on Coronavirus Disease. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
   Google Scholar
• Williams, N. L., Wassler, P., & Ferdinand, N. (2020). Tourism and the Covid-(Mis) infodemic. Journal of Travel Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520981135
   Google Scholar
• Woelfert, F. S., & Kunst, J. R. (2020). How political and social trust can impact social distancing practices during COVID-19 in unexpected ways. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrenn, B., Stevens, R. E., & Loudon, D. L. (2007). Marketing research: Text and cases. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xiang, Z., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaqub, O., Castle-Clarke, S., Sevdalis, N., & Chataway, J. (2014). Attitudes to vaccination: A critical review. Social Science & Medicine, 112, 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar