1,681
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Current Issues in Method and Practice

What residents of potential Olympic cities want: using conjoint analysis to deal with dominant and heterogeneous preferences

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 2101-2114 | Received 15 Nov 2021, Accepted 07 Apr 2022, Published online: 26 Apr 2022

References

  • Akis, S., Peristianis, N., & Warner, J. (1996). Residents’ attitudes to tourism development: The case of Cyprus. Tourism Management, 17(7), 481–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00066-0
  • Ap, J. (1992). Residents’ perceptions on tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 665–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90060-3
  • Arnegger, J., & Herz, M. (2016). Economic and destination image impacts of mega-events in emerging tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(2), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.11.007
  • Atkinson, G., Mourato, S., Szymanski, S., & Ozdemiroglu, E. (2008). Are We willing to Pay enough to `back the bid’?: Valuing the intangible impacts of London’s Bid to host the 2012 summer Olympic games. Urban Studies, 45(2), 419–444. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098007085971
  • Bakhsh, J., Potwarka, L. R., Nunkoo, R., & Sunnassee, V. (2018). Residents’ support for the Olympic Games: Single Host-City versus multiple Host-City bid arrangements. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(5), 544–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1398119
  • Bowersox, Z. (2016). Naming, shaming, and international sporting events: Does the host nation play fair? Political Research Quarterly, 69(2), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916636238
  • Chapman, C. N., Alford, J. L., Johnson, C., Weidemann, R., & Lahav, M. (2009). CBC vs. ACBC: Comparing results with real product selection. In 2009 Sawtooth Software Conference Proceedings, pp. 25–27.
  • Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Li, X., & Lawton, L. (2019). It’s Not just black or white: Effects of ambivalence on residents’ support for a mega-event. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(2), 283–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348018804613
  • Choe, Y., Kim, H., & Cho, I. (2020). Role of patriotism in explaining event attendance intention and media consumption intention: The case of Rio 2016. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(5), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1579173
  • Deal, K. (2005). Getting Started with Conjoint Analysis. In Marketing Research (Vol. 17, Issue 4).
  • Deccio, C., & Baloglu, S. (2002). Nonhost community resident reactions to the 2002 Winter olympics: The spillover impacts. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287502041001006
  • Dolan, P., Kavetsos, G., Krekel, C., Mavridis, D., Metcalfe, R., Senik, C., Szymanski, S., & Ziebarth, N. R. (2019). Quantifying the intangible impact of the Olympics using subjective well-being data. Journal of Public Economics, 177(1643). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.07.002
  • Erb, H.-P., Bioy, A., & Hilton, D. J. (2002). Choice preferences without inferences: Subconscious priming of risk attitudes. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15(3), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.416
  • Flyvbjerg, B., Budzier, A., & Stewart, A. (2016). The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 : Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games. ArXiv Preprint, 1607.04484(July).
  • Fotiadis, A., Vassiliadis, C., & Yeh, S.-P. (2016). Participant’s preferences for small-scale sporting events. EuroMed Journal of Business, 11(2), 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-07-2015-0039
  • Fourie, J., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2011). The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1364–1370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.011
  • Fredline, L., Jago, L., & Deery, F. (2008). The development of a generic scale to measure the social impacts of events. Event Management, 8(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599503108751676
  • Gallup Institut. (2017). Olympic Winter Games Innsbruck 2026. 19.
  • Gold, J. R., & Gold, M. M. (2009). Riding the Mexican Wave? Deciphering the meaning of Olympic Legacy. In The Olympic Legacy (Issue May).
  • Government of Tyrol. (2017). Public Referendum Olympics 2026.
  • Gratton, C., & Preuss, H. (2008). Maximizing Olympic impacts by building up legacies. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 25(14), 1922–1938. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802439023
  • Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., Ai, J., & Chen, B. T. (2011). Temporal change in resident perceptions of a mega-event: The Beijing 2008 Olympic games. Tourism Geographies, 13(2), 299–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2010.529935
  • Gursoy, D., & Kendall, K. W. (2006). Hosting mega events. Modeling locals’ support. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.01.005
  • Gursoy, D., Milito, M. C., & Nunkoo, R. (2017). Residents’ support for a mega-event: The case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, natal, Brazil. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(4), 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.09.003
  • Hahm, J., Tasci, A. D. A., & Breiter Terry, D. (2019). The Olympic Games’ impact on South Korea’s image. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 14(August), 100373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100373
  • Homans, G. C. (1974). Social behavior: Its elementary forms.
  • IOC. (2014). Olympic Agenda 2020.
  • IOC. (2018). Olympic Agenda 2020: The New Norm. February 2018, 58.
  • IOC. (2021). Olympic Agenda 2020 + 5 Recommendations. 1–27.
  • Johnson, R. M., & Orme, B. K. (2007). A new approach to adaptive CBC. In Sawtooth software conference, p. 85.
  • Johnston, M., Naylor, M., & Dickson, G. (2021a). Local resident support for hosting a major sport event: The role of perceived personal and community impacts. European Sport Management Quarterly, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1937263
  • Johnston, M., Naylor, M., Dickson, G., Hedlund, D., & Kellison, T. (2020). Determinants of support and participation in a major sport event referendum. Sport Management Review, 24(1), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2020.08.001
  • Johnston, M., Naylor, M., Dickson, G., & Kellison, T. (2021b). Insider perspectives of a major sport event referendum. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2021.1929405
  • Kaplanidou, K. K., Al Emadi, A., Sagas, M., Diop, A., & Fritz, G. (2016). Business legacy planning for mega events: The case of the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4103–4111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.041
  • Karadakis, K., & Kaplanidou, K. (2012). Legacy perceptions among host and non-host Olympic Games residents: A longitudinal study of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games. European Sport Management Quarterly, 12(3), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2012.680067
  • Kassens-Noor, E., Vertalka, J., & Wilson, M. (2019). Good games, bad host? Using big data to measure public attention and imagery of the Olympic Games. Cities, 90(March), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.02.009
  • Kemperman, A. (2021). A review of research into discrete choice experiments in tourism: Launching the annals of tourism research curated collection on discrete choice experiments in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103137
  • Khaptsova, A., & Fruchtmann, J. (2020). Why Russians love the Olympic Games: How individual values and nationalism motivate attitudes towards the Olympics. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(5), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690220957526
  • Khraiche, M., & Alakshendra, A. (2020). Hosting the olympics: Why are we always getting the cost wrong? Managerial Finance, 47(6), 845–855. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-05-2020-0231
  • Kim, H. J., Gursoy, D., & Lee, S. B. (2006). The impact of the 2002 World Cup on South Korea: Comparisons of pre- and post-games. Tourism Management, 27(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.07.010
  • Kim, M., Park, S., & Kim, S. (2020). The perceived impact of hosting mega-sports events in a developing region: The case of the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic games. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(20), 2843–2848. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1850652
  • Könecke, T., & De Nooij, M. (2017). The IOC and Olympic bids from democracies and authoritarian regimes – A socioeconomic analysis and strategic insights. Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS), 2, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15203/CISS_2017.009
  • Kurscheidt, M., & Prüschenk, N. (2020). Attitudes toward Olympic gigantism: Evidence from Germany. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 50(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00642-w
  • Lai, K. (2018). Influence of event image on destination image: The case of the 2008 Beijing Olympic games. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 7, 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.09.007
  • Lee, Y. H., & Kang, J.-H. (2011). Designing ticket price strategies for professional sports teams using conjoint analysis. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 12(2), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-12-02-2011-B004
  • Lewis, D. J., Provencher, B., & Beardmore, B. (2015). Using an intervention framework to value salient ecosystem services in a stated preference experiment. Ecological Economics, 114, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.025
  • Lin, H. W., & Lu, H. F. (2018). A longitudinal assessment on the economic effects of hosting major sporting events. Applied Economics, 50(56), 6085–6099. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1489117
  • Lu, Q., Mihalik, B. J., Heere, B., Meng, F., & Fairchild, A. (2019). Media effect on resident attitudes toward an Olympic bid. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29(July 2018), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.10.009
  • Lyu, S. O., & Han, J. H. (2017). Assessing preferences for mega sports event travel products: A choice experimental approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(7), 740–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1214110
  • Maennig, W. (2017). Public referenda and public opinion on Olympic Games. In Hamburg Contemporary Economic Discussions (Vol. 57).
  • Mair, J., Chien, P. M., Kelly, S. J., & Derrington, S. (2021). Social impacts of mega-events: A systematic narrative review and research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1870989
  • Manski, C. F. (2001). Daniel McFadden and the econometric analysis of discrete choice. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 103(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00241
  • Mcfadden, D. (1973). Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice be. In P. Zarembka (Ed.), Frontiers in econometrics (pp. 105–142). Academic Press.
  • McFadden, D. (1986). The choice theory approach to market research. Marketing Science, 5(4), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.5.4.275
  • Meginnis, K., Burton, M., Chan, R., & Rigby, D. (2018). Strategic bias in discrete choice experiments. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 109, 102163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2018.08.010
  • Müller, M. (2012). Popular perception of urban transformation through megaevents: Understanding support for the 2014 Winter Olympics in sochi. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 30(4), 693–711. https://doi.org/10.1068/c11185r
  • Orme, B. K., & Chrzan, K. (2017). Becoming an expert in conjoint analysis: Choice modelling for pros. Sawtooth Software.
  • Pappas, N. (2014). Hosting mega events: Londoners’ support of the 2012 olympics. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 21, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2014.02.001
  • Pappas, N. (2017). Pre- and postevaluation of residents’ participation and support of the 2012 London Olympics. Event Management, 21(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599517X15073047237250
  • Pereira, R. H. M. (2018). Transport legacy of mega-events and the redistribution of accessibility to urban destinations. Cities, 81(October 2017), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.03.013
  • Porter, P. K., & Fletcher, D. (2008). The economic impact of the Olympic Games: Ex ante predictions and ex poste reality. Journal of Sport Management, 22(4), 470–486. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.4.470
  • Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Nunkoo, R., & Alders, T. (2013). London residents' support for the 2012 Olympic Games: The mediating effect of overall attitude London residents’ support for the 2012 Olympic Games: The mediating effect ofoverall attitude. Tourism Management, 36, 629–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.003
  • Preuss, H. (2019). Event legacy framework and measurement. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 11(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2018.1490336
  • Preuss, H., & Schnitzer, M. (2015). Organization costs for a Fifa World Cup and their significance during a bid. Event Management, 19(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599515X14229071392981
  • Ribeiro, T., Correia, A., & Biscaia, R. (2020). The social impact of the 2016 Rio Olympic games: Comparison of residents’ pre- and post-event perceptions. Sport, Business and Management, 11(2), 201–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-02-2020-0014
  • Ritchie, B. W., Chien, P. M., & Shipway, R. (2020). A Leg(acy) to stand on? A non-host resident perspective of the London 2012 Olympic legacies. TOURISM MANAGEMENT, 77, 104031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104031
  • Ritchie, B. W., Shipway, R., & Cleeve, B. (2009). Resident perceptions of mega-sporting events: A non-host city perspective of the 2012 London Olympic games. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(2–3), 143–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965108
  • Santos, G. E. D. O., Gursoy, D., Ribeiro, M. A., & Netto, A. P. (2019). Impact of transparency and corruption on mega-event support. Event Management, 23(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599518X15378845225311
  • Sawtooth Software. (2020). Sawtooth software. https://sawtoothsoftware.com/
  • Scheu, A., & Preuss, H. (2018). Residents’ perceptions of mega sport event legacies and impacts: The case of the Hamburg 2024 Olympic bid. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 48(3), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-018-0499-y
  • Schnitzer, M., Bodner, B., Scheiber, S., Thöni, E., & Kopp, M. (2016). Konsumverhalten von Eventbesuchern der Olympischen Jugend-Winterspiele am Beispiel Innsbruck 2012. Sportwissenschaft, 46(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-015-0385-9
  • Schnitzer, M., & Haizinger, L. (2019). Does the Olympic agenda 2020 have the power to create a new Olympic heritage? An analysis for the 2026 winter Olympic games bid. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020442
  • Schnitzer, M., Walde, J., Scheiber, S., Nagiller, R., & Tappeiner, G. (2019). Does the young residents’ experience with the youth Olympic Games influence the support for staging the Olympic Games? Tourism Management Perspectives, 30(March), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.03.002
  • Scott, A. (2002). Identifying and analysing dominant preferences in discrete choice experiments: An application in health care. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23(3), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00082-X
  • Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., & Fang, Y. (2018). Current Issues in Tourism The changing geography of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in a warmer world The changing geography of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in a warmer world.
  • Shipway, R., & Brown, L. (2007). Challenges for a regional cultural programme of the London 2012 games. Culture@ the Olympics, 9(5), 21–35. http://www.culturalolympics.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/[email protected]
  • Train, K. E. (2009). Discrete choice methods with simulation, second edition. In Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation, Second Edition (Vol. 9780521766).
  • Vierhaus, C. (2019). The international tourism effect of hosting the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup. Tourism Economics, 25(7), 1009–1028. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618814329
  • Wang, M., & Bao, H. X. H. (2018). Mega-event effects on the housing market: Evidence from the Beijing 2008 Olympic games. Cities, 72(July 2017), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.014
  • Whitehead, J. C., Weddell, M. S., & Groothuis, P. A. (2016). Mitigating hypothetical bias in stated preference data: Evidence from sports tourism. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12253
  • Wicker, P., Whitehead, J. C., Mason, D. S., & Johnson, B. K. (2017). Public support for hosting the Olympic summer Games in Germany: The CVM approach. Urban Studies, 54(15), 3597–3614. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016675085
  • Wood, J., & Meng, S. (2021). The economic impacts of the 2018 winter Olympics. Tourism Economics, 27(7), 1303–1322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620921577
  • Woratschek, H., Kaiser, M., Durchholz, C., & Stroebel, T. (2020). Price premiums for sporting relevance A conjoint analysis for sport event tickets. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 50(3), 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-020-00661-y
  • Yuen, B. (2008). Sport and urban development in Singapore. Cities, 25(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2007.11.004
  • Zhou, Y., & Ap, J. (2009). Residents’ perceptions towards the impacts of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 78–91. doi:10.1177/0047287508328792