1,138
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A rational-affective-moral factor model for determining tourists’ pro-environmental behaviour

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 2145-2163 | Received 21 Dec 2021, Accepted 09 May 2022, Published online: 22 May 2022

References

  • Aboelmaged, M. (2021). E-waste recycling behaviour: An integration of recycling habits into the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 124182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124182
  • Ahmad, W., Kim, W. G., Anwer, Z., & Zhuang, W. Q. (2020). Schwartz personal values, theory of planned behavior and environmental consciousness: How tourists’ visiting intentions towards eco-friendly destinations are shaped?. Journal of Business Research, 110, 228–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.040
  • Ahmed, M., Guo, Q., Qureshi, M. A., Raza, S. A., Khan, K. A., & Salam, J. (2021). Do green HR practices enhance green motivation and proactive environmental management maturity in hotel industry? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102852
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Akhshik, A., & Aliztüren, R. H. (2020). A passionate travel to mind green turtles—unpacking the complexity of visitors' green behaviour. International Journal of Tourism Research, 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2407
  • Aquino, K., Freeman, D., Reed, A., Lim, V. K. G., & Felps, W. (2009). Testing a social-cognitive model of moral behavior: The interactive influence of situations and moral identity centrality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015406
  • Bagozzi, R. P., Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Canonical correlation analysis as a special case of a structural relations model. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16(4), 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr1604_2
  • Bagozzi, R. P., Lee, K. H., & Loo, M. F. V. (2001). Decisions to donate bone marrow: The role of attitudes and subjective norms across cultures. Psychology & Health, 16(1), 29–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440108405488
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Bergquist, M., Nystrm, L., & Nilsson, A. (2020). Feeling or following? A field-experiment comparing social norms-based and emotions-based motives encouraging pro-environmental donations. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 19(4), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1813
  • Budovska, V., Torres, D. A., & Øgaard, T. (2020). Pro-environmental behaviour of hotel guests: Application of the theory of planned behaviour and social norms to towel reuse. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(1), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358419831431
  • Carrus, G., Passafaro, P., & Bonnes, M. (2008). Emotions, habits and rational choices in ecological behaviours: The case of recycling and use of public transportation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.09.003
  • Damasio, A. R. (1998). Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system1Published on the world wide Web on 27 January 1998.1. Brain Research Reviews, 26(2–3), 83–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(97)00064-7
  • Darley, J. M., & Batson, C. D. (1973). "From Jerusalem to jericho": A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034449
  • Després, C. (1991). The meaning of home: Literature review and directions for future research and theoretical development. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 8(2), 96–115. https://doi.org/10.2307/43029026
  • Dolnicar, S. (2020). Designing for more environmentally friendly tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102933
  • Dolnicar, S., Juvan, E., & Grün, B. (2020). Reducing the plate waste of families at hotel buffets - A quasi-experimental field study. Tourism Management, 80, 104103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104103
  • Esfandiar, K., Dowling, R., Pearce, J., & Goh, E. (2020). Personal norms and the adoption of pro-environmental binning behaviour in national parks: An integrated structural model approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(1), 10–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1663203
  • Filimonau, V., Krivcova, M., & Pettit, F. (2019). An exploratory study of managerial approaches to food waste mitigation in coffee shops. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.010
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678–686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678
  • Gao, Y., Ma, Y. F., Bai, K., Li, Y., & Liu, X. Y. (2021). Which factors influence individual pro-environmental behavior in the tourism context: Rationality, affect, or morality? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(5), 516–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1876117
  • Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87
  • Gravert, C., & Olsson Collentine, L. (2021). When nudges aren’t enough: Norms, incentives and habit formation in public transport usage. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 190, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.07.012
  • Groot, J. I. M. D., Bondy, K., & Schuitema, G. (2021). Listen to others or yourself? The role of personal norms on the effectiveness of social norm interventions to change pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 78(10), 101688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101688
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed). Prentice-Hall.
  • Han, H. (2015). Travelers’ pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior. Tourism Management, 47, 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.014
  • Han, H., Chua, B., Ariza-Montes, A., & Untaru, E. (2020). Effect of environmental corporate social responsibility on green attitude and norm activation process for sustainable consumption: Airline versus restaurant. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27, 1851–1864. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1931
  • Han, H., Hwang, J., & Lee, M. J. (2017). The value-belief-emotion-norm model: Investigating customers’ eco-friendly behavior. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(5), 590–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1208790
  • Han, H., Hwang, J., Lee, M. J., & Kim, J. (2019). Word-of-mouth, buying, and sacrifice intentions for eco-cruises: Exploring the function of norm activation and value-attitude-behavior. Tourism Management, 70, 430–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.006
  • Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2017). Drivers of customer decision to visit an environmentally responsible museum: Merging the theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(9), 1155–1168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1304317
  • Han, H., Yu, J., Koo, B., & Kim, W. (2018a). Vacationers’ norm-based behavior in developing environmentally sustainable cruise tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 20, 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2018.1483287
  • Han, W., McCabe, S., Wang, Y., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2018b). Evaluating user-generated content in social media: An effective approach to encourage greater pro-environmental behavior in tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 600–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1372442
  • Hines, J. M., Hugerford, H. R., & Tomera, A. N. (1987). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482
  • Kim, J. J., & Hwang, J. (2020). Merging the norm activation model and the theory of planned behavior in the context of drone food delivery services: Does the level of product knowledge really matter? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.11.002
  • Klöckner, C. A., & Matthies, E. (2004). How habits interfere with norm-directed behaviour: A normative decision-making model for travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.08.004
  • Koenig-Lewis, N., Palmer, A., Dermody, J., & Urbye, A. (2014). Consumers’ evaluations of ecological packaging - rational and emotional approaches. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 37, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.11.009
  • Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401
  • Lavelle, M. J., Rau, H., & Fahy, F. (2015). Different shades of green? Unpacking habitual and occasional pro-environmental behavior. Global Environmental Change, 35, 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.021
  • Lee, L. C., Wang, Y., & Zuo, J. (2021). The nexus of water-energy-food in China’s tourism industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105157
  • Li, Q. C., & Wu, M. Y. (2019). Rationality or morality? A comparative study of pro-environmental intentions of local and nonlocal visitors in nature-based destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.01.003
  • Liu, A., Ma, E., Qu, H., & Ryan, B. (2020b). Daily green behavior as an antecedent and a moderator for visitors’ pro-environmental behaviors. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(9), 1390–1408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1741598
  • Liu, M. T., Liu, Y., & Mo, Z. (2020a). Moral norm is the key: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour (tpb) on Chinese consumers’ green purchase intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32, 1823–1841. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-05-2019-0285
  • MacKinnon, J. G. (2002). Bootstrap inference in econometrics. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique, 35(4), 615–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00147
  • Mischel, W. (1977). On the future of personality measurement. American Psychologist, 32(4), 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.4.246
  • Mullainathan, S., & Thaler, R. H. (2001). Behavioral economics. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 7948, 1094–1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02247-6
  • O’Connor, P., & Assaker, G. (2021). COVID-19’s effects on future pro-environmental traveler behavior: An empirical examination using norm activation, economic sacrifices, and risk perception theories. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30, 89–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1879821
  • Onwezen, M. C., Antonides, G., & Bartels, J. (2013). The norm activation model: An exploration of the functions of anticipated pride and guilt in pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.005
  • Onwezen, M. C., Bartels, J., & Antonides, G. (2014). Environmentally friendly consumer choices: Cultural differences in the self-regulatory function of anticipated pride and guilt. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40(12), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.07.003
  • Passafaro, P., Rimano, A., Piccini, M. P., Metastasio, R., Gambardella, V., Gullace, G., & Lettieri, C. (2014). The bicycle and the city: Desires and emotions versus attitudes, habits and norms. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.011
  • Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2014). Emotion and persuasion: Cognitive and meta-cognitive processes impact attitudes. Cognition and Emotion, 29(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.967183
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Qu, W., Ge, Y., Guo, Y., Sun, X., & Zhang, K. (2020). The influence of WeChat use on driving behavior in China: A study based on the theory of planned behavior. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 144, 105641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105641
  • Qureshi, M. A., Khaskheli, A., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2021). Factors affecting students’ learning performance through collaborative learning and engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1884886
  • Ramkissoon, H., Smith, L. D. G., & Weiler, B. (2013). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment and its relationships with place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviours: A structural equation modelling approach. Tourism Management, 36, 552–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.003
  • Raza, S. A., Khan, K. A., & Salam, J. (2021). Impact of environmental triggers on students’ behavior to use ride-sharing services: The moderating role of perceived risk. Current Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02405-z
  • Raza, S. A., Umer, A., Qureshi, M. A., & Dahri, A. S. (2020). Internet banking service quality, e-customer satisfaction and loyalty: The modified e-SERVQUAL model. The TQM Journal, 32, 1443–1466. https://doi.org/10.1108/tqm-02-2020-0019
  • Riper, C. J. V., & Kyle, G. T. (2014). Understanding the internal processes of behavioral engagement in a national park: A latent variable path analysis of the value-belief-norm theory. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.03.002
  • Ritchie, B. W., Prideaux, B., Thompson, M., & Demeter, C. (2021). Understanding tourists’ attitudes toward interventions for the great barrier reef: An extension of the norm activation model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30, 1364–1383. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1948048
  • Ru, X., Wang, S., Chen, Q., & Yan, S. (2018). Exploring the interaction effects of norms and attitudes on green travel intention: An empirical study in eastern China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 1317–1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.293
  • Schwanen, T., Banister, D., & Anable, J. (2012). Rethinking habits and their role in behaviour change: The case of low-carbon mobility. Journal of Transport Geography, 24, 522–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.06.003
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1970). Elicitation of moral obligation and self-sacrificing behavior: An experimental study of volunteering to be a bone marrow donor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15(4), 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029614
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 221–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60358-5
  • Sia, S. K., & Jose, A. (2019). Attitude and subjective norm as personal moral obligation mediated predictors of intention to build eco-friendly house. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(4), 678–694. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-02-2019-0038
  • Simon, H. A. (1986). Rationality in psychology and economics. In R. M. Hogarth & M. W. Reder (Eds.), Rational choice (pp. 24–26). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
  • Su, L., Hsu, M. K., & Boostrom, R. E. (2020). From recreation to responsibility: Increasing environmentally responsible behavior in tourism. Journal of Business Research, 109, 557–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.055
  • Su, L., Hsu, M. K., & Marshall, K. P. (2014). Understanding the relationship of service fairness, emotions, trust, and tourist behavioral intentions at a city destination in China. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(8), 1018–1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.892466
  • Sukhu, A., Choi, H., Bujisic, M., & Bilgihan, A. (2018). Satisfaction and positive emotions: A comparison of the influence of hotel guests’ beliefs and attitudes on their satisfaction and emotions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.013
  • Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 345–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
  • Terrier, L., & Marfaing, B. (2015). Using social norms and commitment to promote pro-environmental behavior among hotel guests. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 44, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.09.001
  • Thomas, G. O., & Walker, I. (2015). Users of different travel modes differ in journey satisfaction and habit strength but not environmental worldviews: A large-scale survey of drivers, walkers, bicyclists and bus users commuting to a UK university. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology & Behaviour, 34, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.07.016
  • Turaga, R. M. R., Howarth, R. B., & Borsuk, M. E. (2010). Pro-environmental behavior: Rational choice meets moral motivation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185(1), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05163.x
  • Webba, T. L., Gallob, I. S., Milesa, E., Gollwitzercd, P. M., & Sheerana, P. (2012). Effective regulation of affect: An action control perspective on emotion regulation. European Review of Social Psychology, 23(1), 143–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2012.718134
  • Wu, J. S., Font, X., & Liu, J. (2021). The elusive impact of pro-environmental intention on holiday on pro-environmental behaviour at home. Tourism Management, 85(2), 104283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104283
  • Yuriev, A., Dahmen, M., Paillé, P., Boiral, O., & Guillaumie, L. (2020). Pro-environmental behaviors through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 155, 104660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104660
  • Zelenski, J. M., & Desrochers, J. E. (2021). Can positive and self-transcendent emotions promote pro-environmental behavior? Current Opinion in Psychology, 42, 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.009

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.