The Differences in Ecotourism between China and the West

References

• Allcock, A., Jones, B., Lane, S. and Grant, J. (1994) Australia's National Ecotourism Strategy. Australian Commonwealth Department of Tourism
   Google Scholar
• Andersen , D. L. 1994 . Developing ecotourism destinations: Conversation from the beginning . Trends , 31 ( 2 ) : 23 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Bacon , F. 1605 . “ Advancement of Learning ” . In The Works of Francis Bacon (1887) , Edited by: Spedding , J. , Ellis , R. L. and Heath , D. D. Vol. 3 , London : Longmans .
   Google Scholar
• Blamey , R. K. 2001 . “ Principles of ecotourism ” . In Encyclopedia of Ecotourism , Edited by: Weaver , D. B. 5 – 22 . Wallingford, , UK : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Chang , J. and Yang , H. 2001 . Urban ecotourism and its image and product designing: A case study of Puyang (in Chinese) . Journal of Henan University (Natural Science) , 3l ( 3 ) : 89 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , D. 1995 . Ecotourism in State Forests of New South Wales: Who Visits and Why? , Sydney : State Forests of New South Wales and the University of Sydney .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , H. and Liu , C. 1998 . Ecotourism and the assessment method on it (in Chinese) . Journal of Northwest University (Philosophy and Social Science) , 28 ( 1 ) : 24 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Cheng , X. and Zhou , L. 2006 . An empirical analysis on the willingness to pay for ecotourism certification based on tourists' perspective (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 21 ( 5 ) : 12 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• China Academy of Social Sciences Tourism Research Centre (CASSTRC). (2004) A review on ecological tourism research and practice (in Chinese). On WWF China web site at http://www.WWFChina.org (Retrieved 20 October 2004)
   Google Scholar
• Dai , Y. and Qi , F. 2001 . Ideas of tourism ethics in china and their improvement (in Chinese) . The Ideological Front , 27 ( 4 ) : 48 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Descartes , R. 1969 . Philosophical Writings , London : Nelson .
   Google Scholar
• Deng , Y. and Guo , S. 2001 . The Plan and practice of ethnic ecotourism in Shangri-la: A research report on Xiagei Village, Zhongdian County, Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan Province (in Chinese) . The Ideological Front , 27 ( 2 ) : 69 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Feng , Q. 2003 . Ethical Implication in Ecotourism (in Chinese) . The Ideological Front , 29 ( 4 ) : 73 – 75; . 138
   Google Scholar
• Fennell , D. A. 1999 . Ecotourism: An Introduction , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , A. C. 2001 . Chuang-tzu , Indianapolis : Hackett Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Guo , C. 2004 . Agricultural ecotourism development model at regional level (in Chinese) . Chinese Journal of Ecology , 23 ( 4 ) : 188 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Guo , S. 2002 . A study on broad conceptions of ecotourism (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 17 ( 1 ) : 69 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , Z. 2001 . Thoughts about the environment ethics in the sustainable development of tourism (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 16 ( 2 ) : 68 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkland , R. 1995 . “ Tung Chung-shu ” . In Great Thinkers of the Eastern World , Edited by: McGreal , P. 67 – 70 . New York : HarperCollins .
   Google Scholar
• Laarman , J. G. and Durst , P. B. 1987 . Nature travel in the tropics . Journal of Forestry , 85 ( 5 ) : 43 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau , D. C. 1953 . Theories of human nature in Mencius and Xunzi . Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , 15 : 541 – 565 .
   Google Scholar
• Lau , D. C. 1970 . Mencius , New York : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Lau , D. C. 1979 . Confucius: The Analects , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Lawton , L. J. and Weaver , D. B. 2001 . “ Modified spaces ” . In Encyclopedia of Ecotourism , Edited by: Weaver , D. B. 315 – 326 . Wallingford, , UK : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Legge , J. 1966 . The Four Books: Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, and the Works of Mencius , T'ai-pei : Wen-hsing shu-tien .
   Google Scholar
• Li , C. 2001 . “ Revealed the Chinese principle in the multi-variate world (in Chinese) ” . In Conflict and Deconstruction – Contemporary Western Academic Words , Edited by: Yang , Y. and Xue , X. 275 Beijing : Social Science Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Li , H. 2004 . Investigation of tourism characteristics of ecological-tourism of market – A case of development of Jindong Forest Tourism in Yongzhou of Hunan (in Chinese) . Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences) , 30 ( 2 ) : 165 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , J. and Ma , Y. 2006 . The impact of eco-ethnics to China's tourism exploitation and planning (in Chinese) . Ecological Economy , : 191 – 193 . 196
   Google Scholar
• Li , M. 2003 . Ecotourism and ecological ethics (in Chinese) . Journal of Human Business College , 10 ( 1 ) : 70 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. 2001 . Cultural geographical perspective of Fengshui system in ancient China (in Chinese) . Human Geography , 16 ( 6 ) : 64 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , Z. 1999 . Three Books of the Aesthetics (in Chinese) , Hefei : Anhui Arts Publishing House .
   Google Scholar
• Lian , Y. 2005 . A case study on the effects of tourism-development on the Baima Community Development of Tourism in Ecological and Culturally Sensitive Zones (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 20 ( 3 ) : 13 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Liang , S. and Zhang , S. 2003 . Ecotourism and Ecology of Traveling Culture (in Chinese) . Ecological Science , 22 ( 2 ) : 183 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg , K. 1991 . Policies for Maximizing Natural Tourism's Ecological and Economic Benefits , Washington : World Resources Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , D. 2003 . Choices of ecotourism development in China (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 18 ( 2 ) : 63 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , L. , Lu , Z. and Shao , L. 2005 . On ecotourism's value – the issue of impetus, approach and tropism (in Chinese) . Ecological Economy , : 279 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , P. 1995 . Fengshui – Chinese Views of the Environment (in Chinese) , 216 – 218 . Shanghai : Shanghai Joint Publishing . 281–282
   Google Scholar
• Liu , S. and Zhang , W. 2004 . Conflicts in the development of cultural ecotourism and the corresponding solutions (in Chinese) . Ideological Front , 30 ( 3 ) : 122 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Lu , X. , Wu , C. and Holly , D. 2006 . On the identification and comparative analysis of ecotourism definitions – a quantitative analysis of 40 ecotourism definitions by Chinese and foreign scholars (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 21 ( 2 ) : 56 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Luck , M. 2002 . Large-scale ecotourism – A contradiction in itself? . Current Issues in Tourism , 5 ( 3–4 ) : 361 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Ma , X. 2003 . Ethnic ecotourism: An effective model for protective development of ethnic tourism (in Chinese) . Human Geography , 18 ( 3 ) : 56 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Pang , Y. and Liu , J. 2006 . A study on community-based ecotourism development in natural reserves of China (in Chinese) . Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment , 20 ( 1 ) : 37 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce, P. and Moscardo, G. (1994) Understanding visitor plans for visitor expectations of and visitor reactions to the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area (Final report). Unpublished report. Townsville, James Cook University, Australia
   Google Scholar
• Sirakaya , E. , Sasidharam , V. and Sonmez , S. 1999 . Redefining ecotourism: The need for a supply-side view . Journal of Travel Research , 38 ( 2 ) : 168 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Song , Z. 2003 . Promote and normalize the development of ecotourism – A review on ‘2002 China Ecotourism Forum’ (in Chinese) . Social Scientist , : 9 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Sproule , K. W. Community-based ecotourism development: Identifying partners in the process . Paper presented at the Ecotourism Equation: Measuring the Impacts (ISTF) Conference . Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Thilly , F. 1914 . A History of Philosophy , New York : Henry Holt .
   Google Scholar
• Tickell , C. 1994 . “ Foreword ” . In Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? , Edited by: Cater , E. and Lowman , G. Vol. 9–10 , Brisbane : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Waley , A. 1958 . Lao Tze , New York : Grove Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waley , A. and Allen , J. R. 1996 . The Book of Songs , New York : Grove Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , D. 2001 . Ecotourism. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia , Tianjin : Nankai University Press . (G. Yang, and Y.H. Wang, Transl.) (2004)
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , D. 2002 . Asian ecotourism: Patterns and themes . Tourism Geographies , 4 ( 2 ) : 153 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , M. 1958 . The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism , New York : Charles Scribner's Sons . T. Parsoas, Transl
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead , A. N. 1929/1978 . Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Xiao , Z. and Yang , G. 2004 . A survey on the ecological consciousness of the domestic ecotourist – A case study on Bitahai Ecological Scenic Spot, Shangri-La (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 19 ( 1 ) : 67 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Xie , H. , Liu , L. and Li , L. 2002 . An inquiry analysis on rural development of ecotourism (in Chinese) . Ecological Economy , : 69 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , S. and Bao , J. 2001 . The conditions and regional features of agricultural ecological tour development in Guangdong Province (in Chinese) . Economic Geography , 21 ( 3 ) : 371 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , Y. 2000 . 300 Chinese–English Poems of Tang Dynasty , Beijing : Higher Education Press .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , Z. 2002 . Aesthetic essence of ecotourism (in Chinese) . Social Scientist , : 32 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Xue , X. 2005 . “ The comparative research on the value orientation of ecotourism between China and West (in Chinese) ” . Kunming, , China : Yunnan Normal University . Unpublished Master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Yang , C. K. 2007 . Religion in Chinese Society: A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors , Shanghai : Shanghai People Publishing House (Original work published 1961) . L. Fan et al., Transl
   Google Scholar
• Yang , G. 2003 . A study on the multi-dimensional value of an ethnic ecotourism reception village – Taking Xiagei Village, Shangri-la County as an example (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 18 ( 4 ) : 76 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , G. 2004 . On the responsibility model of ecotourists (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 19 ( 4 ) : 53 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , G. , Zhong , L. and Ming , Q. 2000 . Ecotourism (in Chinese) , Beijing : Higher Education Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , G. and Qi , Z. 2000 . Research of the exploitation of Shangri-la ecotourism demonstrating region in Northwest, Yunnan (in Chinese) . Ideological Front , 26 ( 5 ) : 82 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , L. and Lai , B. 2005 . On the Confucian idea of ‘Benevolence and Ceremony’ and construction of the environmental ethics system of ecotourism (in Chinese) . Ecological Economy , : 275 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Ye , W. and Meng , R. 2005 . Location of Ecotourism – Yunnan Province (in Chinese) , Edited by: Ye , W. and Meng , R. Beijing : China Environmental Science Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ye , W. and Xue , X. 2005 . Research on indigenous ecotourism (in Chinese) . China Population, Resources and Environment , 15 ( 6 ) : 55 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Zeng , J. 2004 . The Thought of Nature: The Study on the Western Ecological Moral Thought (in Chinese) , Beijing : China Social Sciences Publishing House .
   Google Scholar
• Zhan , X. 2003 . On Zhuang Zi's orientation of value about ecological wisdom and ecological tourism (in Chinese) . Journal of Anhui Institute of Education , 21 ( 5 ) : 60 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , C. 2000 . An analysis on green-marketing product strategy of ecotourism (in Chinese) . Journal of Guilin Institute of Tourism , 11 ( 4 ) : 34 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , G. 1999 . The theory and practice on ecotourism (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , : 51 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , H. and Zhao , Z. 2005 . A survey on ecotourism market structure based on the behavior and attitude – A case study on the National Forest Park in Taibai Mountain (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 20 ( 5 ) : 34 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhong , J. and Yang , G. 2005 . A survey on the Chinese College Student Ecological Consciousness – A case study on Yunnan University (in Chinese) . Tourism Tribune , 20 ( 1 ) : 53 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhong , L. 1999 . A study on the Education for ecotourists (in Chinese) . Ideological Front , 25 ( 6 ) : 39 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , Z. 2005 . The view of ‘the unity of man and Heaven’ on Chinese Aesthetics (in Chinese) . Journal of Northwest Normal University (Social Sciences) , 42 ( 2 ) : 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Ziffer , K. 1989 . “ Ecotourism: The uneasy alliance ” . Washington, D.C. : Conservational International and Ernst and Young . Working Papers on Ecotourism
   Google Scholar