Reflections concerning biochemical parameters of androgenicity

References

• Manni A, Partridge WM, Cefalu W, et al. Bio- availability of albumin-bound testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;62:705–10
   Google Scholar
• Mendel CM. Rates of dissociation of sex-steroid- hormone-binding globulin: a reassessment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1990;37:251–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vermeulen A, Ando S. Metabolic clearance rate and interconversions of androgens and the influence of the free androgen fraction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;48:320–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saez JM, Forest MG, Morera AM, Bertrand J. Metabolic clearance rate and blood production rate of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in normal subjects, during pregnancy and in hy- perthyroidism. J Clin Invest 1972;51:1226–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosner W, Hyrb DJ, Kahn MS, Nakhla AM, Romas NA. Androgen and estrogen signaling at the cell membrane via G-proteins and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Steroids 1999;64:100– 6
   Google Scholar
• Raivio F, Palvimo JJ, Dunkel I, Weckman S, Ja¨nne OA. Novel assay for determination of androgen bio-activity in human serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1539–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang C, Catlin DH, Demers ML, Starcevic B, Swerdloff RS. Measurement of total serum testosterone in adult men: comparison of current laboratory methods versus liquid chromatogra- phy-tandem mass spectrometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:534–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosner W. Errors in the measurement of plasma free testosterone (Letter). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2014–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters SJ, Kelley DE, Goodpaster B. The analog free testosterone assay: are the results clinically useful? Clin Chem 1998;44:2176–82
   Google Scholar
• Vermeulen A, Stoica T, Verdonck L. The apparent free testosterone concentration, an index of androgenicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971;33:759–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann DS, Kirkish IS. Evaluation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Immunoassay 1985; 8:234–6
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor S, Baker HWG, Dulmanis A, Hudson N. The measurement of sex steroid binding globulin by differential ammonium sulphate pre- cipitation. J Steroid Biochem 1973;4:331–9
   Google Scholar
• Cumming DC, Wall SR. Non sex hormone binding globulin bound testosterone as a marker of hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61:873–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor P, Luttrell B, Williams D. The free androgen index is not valid for adult males. J Steroid Biochem 1993;45:325–6
   Google Scholar
• Miller K, Rosner W, Lee H, et al. Measurement of free testosterone in normal women and in women with androgen deficiency: comparison of meth- ods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:525–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger HG, Dudley CJ, Dennerstein L, Hopper JL. A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex-hormone-binding globulin through the me- nopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2832–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman SM, Metler J, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MFC. Longitudinal effect of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;88:729–31
   Google Scholar
• Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3666–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ. Editorial: Serum testosterone assay: accuracy matters. J Clin En- docrinol Metab 2004;89:520–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bukowski C, Grigg MA, Longcope C. Sex- hormone-binding globulin concentration: differ- ence among commercially available methods. Clin Chem 2000;46:1415–16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vermeulen A. Testosterone in plasma. A physio- pathological study. Verh Koninkl Acad Geneeskunde van Belgie¨ 1973;35:95–180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moll Jr GW, Rosenfield RL, Hecke JL. Estradiol- testosterone binding interaction and free plasma estradiol under physiological conditions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;52:968–74
   Google Scholar
• So¨dergard P, Ba¨ckstro¨m T, Shanbhag V, Car- stensen H. Calculation of free and bound fractions of testosterone and estradiol-17b to human plasma proteins at body temperature. J Steroid Biochem 1982;16:801–10
   Google Scholar
• Pearlman WH, Cre´py O. Steroid–protein inter- action with particular reference to testosterone binding by human serum. J Biol Chem 1967;242:182–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce S, Dowsett M, Jeffcoate SL. Three methods compared for estimating the fraction of testosterone and estradiol not bound to sex- hormone-binding globulin. Clin Chem 1989;35:632–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunn JF, Nisula BC, Rodbard D. Transport of steroid hormones: binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:58–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke CW, Anderson DC. Sex hormone binding globulin is an oestrogen amplifier. Nature 1972; 240:38–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond GL. Molecular properties of corticos- teroid-binding globulin and sex hormone-binding proteins. Endocr Rev 1990;11:65
   Google Scholar
• Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Cunningham G, et al. and the Testosterone Gel Study group. Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:4500–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De´chaud H, Lejeune H, Garoscio-Cholet M, Mallein R, Pugeat M. Radioimmunoassay of testosterone not bound to sex-hormone-binding protein in plasma. Clin Chem 1989;35:1609–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumming DC, Wall SR. Non-sex-hormone- binding globulin bound testosterone as a marker of hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61:873–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emadi-konjin P, Bain J, Bromberg IL. Evaluation of an algorithm for calculation of serum ‘bio- available’ testosterone (BAT). Clin Biochem 2003; 36:591–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley JE, Patrick P, Perry HM III. Evaluation of assays available to measure free testosterone. Metabolism 2002;51:554–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeulen A, Verdonck L. Representativeness of a single point plasma testosterone level for the long term hormonal milieu in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:939–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar