Patterns of sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Swaziland, southern Africa

References

• Aggleton P Warwick I 1997 Young people, sexuality, and HIV and AIDS education In L. Sherr (ed.) AIDS and Adolescents (Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers), pp. 79–90
   Google Scholar
• Ajuwon , A. J , Akin‐Jimoh , I , Olley , B. O and Akintola , O . 2001 . Perceptions of sexual coercion: learning from young people in Ibadan, Nigeria . Reproductive Health Matters , 9 : 128 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amazigo , U , Silva , N , Kaufman , J and Obikeze , D. S . 1997 . Sexual activity and contraceptive knowledge use in‐school adolescents in Nigeria . International Family Planning Perspectives , 72 : 28 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Ateka , G. K . 2001 . Factors in HIV/AIDS transmission in sub‐Saharan Africa . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 79 : 1168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajos , N and Marquet , J . 2000 . Research on HIV sexual risk: social relations‐based approach in a cross‐cultural perspective . Social Science and Medicine , 20 : 1533 – 1546 .
   Google Scholar
• Buseh , A , Glass , L. K and McElmurry , B. J . 2002 . Cultural and gender issues related to HIV/AIDS prevention in rural Swaziland: A focus group analysis . Health Care for Women International , 23 : 173 – 184 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buve , A , Bishikwabo‐Nsarhaza , K and Mutangadura , G . 2002 . The spread and effect of HIV‐1 infection in sub‐Saharan Africa . The Lancet , 359 : 2011 – 2017 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , J. C . 2000 . Rethinking the African AIDS epidemic . Population Development Review , 16 : 117 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Catania , J. A , Gibson , D. R , Chitwood , D. D and Coates , T. J . 1990 . Methodological problems in AIDS behavioral research: influences on measurement error and participation bias in studies of sexual behaviour . Psychological Bulletin , 108 : 339 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1999 . Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance, 1999 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 46 : 1 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2002 Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance, 2001 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51, 1–64
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran , J . 2002 . Ecological factors associated with adolescent sexual activity . Social Work , 30 : 93 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cock , K. M , Mbori‐Ngacha , D and Marum , E . 2002 . Shadow on the continent: public health and HIV/AIDS in Africa in the 21st century . The Lancet , 360 : 67 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton , L , Flisher , A. J and Aaro , L. E . 2003 . Unsafe sexual behaviour in South African youth . Social Science and Medicine , 56 : 149 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erulkar A. S Karueru J. P. M Kaggawa G Nzioki K Nyagah F. K 1998 Adolescent experiences and lifestyles in central province of Kenya (Kenya: Population Council)
   Google Scholar
• Fischhoff , B , Downs , J and De Bruin , W. B . 1998 . Adolescent vulnerability: a framework for behavioural intentions . Applied and Preventive Psychology , 7 : 77 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullilove , R. E , Fullilove , M. T , Bowser , B. P and Gross , S. A . 1990 . Risk of sexually transmitted disease among black adolescent crack users in Oakland and San Francisco, California . Journal of American Medical Association , 263 : 851 – 855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , A , Xaba , N , Kunene , P and Ntuli , N . 2001 . Understanding young women's risk for HIV/AIDS: Adolescent sexuality and vulnerability in rural KwaZulu/Natal . Society in Transition , 32 : 69 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , J and McCauley , A. P . 1998 . Improving the fit: Adolescents' needs and future programs for sexual and reproductive health in developing countries . Studies in Family Planning , 29 : 233 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Clinical Epidemiology Network 2001 Adolescent health Accessed 1 August 2003, available at: http://www.inclen.org/research/ah.html
   Google Scholar
• Kumah O. M Odallo D Schefuer C 1994 Kenya Youth IEC Assessment (Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development (USAID))
   Google Scholar
• Lema , V. M and Hassan , M. A . 1994 . Knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection and AIDS among sexually active adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya and its relationships to their sexual behaviour and conception . East African medical Journal , 71 : 122 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugoe , W. L , Klepp , K. I , Rise , J , Skutle , A and Biswalo , P. M . 1995 . Relationship between sexual experience and non‐sexual behaviours among secondary school students in Arusha, Tanzania . East African Medical Journal , 72 : 635 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews , C , Kuhn , L , Metcalf , C. A , Joubert , G and Cameron , M. A . 1990 . Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about AIDS in township school students in Cape Town . South African Medical Journal , 78 : 511 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath , J , Rwabukwali , C. B and Schumann , D . 1993 . Anthropology and AIDS: The cultural context of sexual risk behaviour among Baganda women in Kampala, Uganda . Social Science and Medicine , 36 : 429 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mincy R. B 1994 Introduction In R. B. Mincy (ed.) Nurturing Young Black Males: Challenges to agencies, programs and social policy (Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press), pp. 7–21
   Google Scholar
• Mitton J 2000 The sociological spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 11(4), 17–26
   Google Scholar
• Moore , S and Rosenthal , D . 1994 . Youth people assess their risk of sexually transmissible diseases . Psychology and Health , 10 : 17 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Myeni , A. D and McGrath , E . 1990 . Swaziland: Perspective in school health . Journal of School Health , 60 : 351 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahom D Wells E Gillmore M. R et al. 2001 Differences by gender and sexual experience in adolescent sexual behaviour: implications for education and HIV prevention Journal of School Health 71 153 158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale , E. O and Fischhoff , B . 2002 . Adolescent risk and vulnerability: overview . Journal of Adolescent Health , 31S : 3 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal , D. A . 1997 . Understanding sexual coercion among young adolescents: communicative clarity, pressure, and acceptance . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 26 : 481 – 493 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. A . 1997 . Factors associated with early sexual activity among urban adolescents . Social Work , 42 : 334 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaziland Ministry of Health 2003 Uphill struggle for safe sex campaign Accessed 8 March 2003, available at: http://www.allafrica.com/stories/printable/200302040542.html
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/WHO 2002a Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic (Geneva: UNAIDS)
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/WHO 2002b Swaziland: Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (Geneva: UNAIDS)
   Google Scholar
• Varga , C. A . 2001 . The forgotten 50%: a review of sexual and reproductive health research and programs focused on boys and young men in sub‐Saharan Africa . African Journal of Reproductive Health , 5 : 175 – 195 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waldner‐Haugrud , L. K and Magruder , B . 1995 . Male and female sexual victimization in dating relationships: gender differences in coercion techniques and outcomes . Violence and Victims , 10 : 203 – 215 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinhardt , L. S , Forsyth , A. D , Carey , M. P , Jaworski , B. C and Durant , L. E . 1998 . Reliability and validity of self‐report measures of HIV‐related sexual behaviour: progress since 1990 and recommendations for research and practice . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 27 : 155 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisman , C. S , Plichta , S , Nathanson , C. A , Ensminger , M and Robinson , J. C . 1991 . Consistency of condom use for disease prevention among adolescent users of oral contraceptives . Family Planning Perspectives , 23 : 71 – 74 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf , R. C and Bond , K. C . 2002 . Exploring similarity between peer educators and their contacts and AIDS‐ protective behaviours in reproductive health programmes for adolescents and young adults in Ghana . AIDS CARE , 14 : 361 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , K , Maforah , F and Jewkes , R . 1998 . He forced me to love him: putting violence on adolescent sexual agenda . Social Science and Medicine , 47 : 233 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Fact Book 2002 Swaziland Accessed 10 July 2002, available at: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/wz.html
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization 1990 Interview Schedule for Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices on AIDS of Young People (Geneva: WHO)
   Google Scholar