Detraditionalisation and attitudes to sex outside marriage in China

References

• Beck , U. , Giddens , A. and Lash , S. 1994 . Reflexive modernisation: Politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Blake , F. 1994 . Foot-binding in neo-Confucian China and the appropriation of female labour . Signs , 19 ( 2 ) : 676 – 712 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , J. , Cai , Y. , Hillier , S. and Estcourt , C. 2009 . Sex and sexuality in the Shenzhen tongzhi circle: HIV risk context and migrant men who have sex with men . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 11 ( 7 ) : 689 – 702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , H. 1995 . Defining difference: The scientific construction of sexuality and gender in the People's Republic of China . Signs , 20 ( 2 ) : 357 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , X. , Li , X. , Yang , H. , Hong , Y. , Zhao , R. , Dong , B. , Liu , W. , Zhou , Y. , Liang , S. and Stanton , B. 2007 . Profile of female sex workers in a Chinese county: Does it differ by where they came from and where they work? . World Health Population , 9 ( 1 ) : 46 – 64 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giddens , A. 1990 . The consequences of modernity , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Giddens , A. 1992 . The transformation of intimacy: Sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , B. and Anselm , A. 1967 . The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research , Chicago, IL : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Gross , N. 2005 . The detraditionalisation of intimacy reconsidered . Sociological Theory , 23 ( 3 ) : 286 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , N. and Simmons , S. 2002 . Intimacy as a double-edged phenomenon? An empirical test of Giddens . Social Forces , 81 ( 2 ) : 531 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grusky , O. , Liu , H.J. and Johnston , M. 2002 . HIV/AIDS in China 1990–2001 . AIDS and Behavior , 6 ( 4 ) : 381 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Hesketh , T. and Zhu , W.X. 1997 . From Mao to market reform . British Medical Journal , 314 : 1543 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , L.T. and Sun , C. 2007 . Gender, social background and sexual attitudes among Chinese students . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 9 ( 1 ) : 31 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , L. , Xu , Y. and Tan , Q. 2000 . Attitudes to marriage model and sexual behaviour in medical students [In Chinese] . Journal of Health Psychology , 8 ( 6 ) : 699 – 701 .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffreys , E. 2004 . China, sex and prostitution , London & New York : Routledge Curzon .
   Google Scholar
• Li , H. , Holroyd , E. and Lau , J. 2010 . Negotiating homosexual identities: The experiences of men who have sex with men in Guangzhou . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 12 ( 4 ) : 401 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y.H. 1998 . Feelings and sexuality of Chinese women , Beijing : Jinri Zhong Guo Press . [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Li , Y.H. 2002a . Subculture of homosexuality , Beijing : Youyi Press . [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Li , Y.H. 2002b . Love, sexuality and marriage of the Chinese people , Beijing : Youyi Press . [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Mason , K.O. 1995 . Is the situation of women in Asia improving or deteriorating? . Asia-Pacific Population Research Reports , : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• National Bureau of Statistics of China . 2009 . China statistical yearbook of 2008 , Beijing : China statistics Press . [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Ng , M.L. and Lau , M.P. 1990 . Sexual attitudes in the Chinese . Archives of Sexual Behaviour , 19 ( 4 ) : 373 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan , S. 1994 . A sex revolution in current China . Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality , 6 ( 2 ) : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Pan , S. 1999 . Existence and absurdity: China's underground sexual industry , Beijing : Qunyan Press . [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Pan , S. 2000 . Survival and experience: The follow-up investigation of an underground red light district , Beijng : China Social Science Press . [In Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Pei , Y. , Sik-Ying , H.P. and Ng , M.L. 2007 . Studies on women's sexuality in China since 1980: A critical review . Journal of Sex Research , 44 ( 2 ) : 202 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel , E.E. 2000 . Just how do I love thee? Marital relationship in urban China . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 62 ( 1 ) : 32 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan , F. and Matsumura , M. 1991 . Sex in China: Studies in sexology in Chinese culture , London : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , L. and Hooghe , M. 2003 . The swing of the pendulum: The detraditionalisation of the regulation of sexuality and intimacy in Belgium (1973–2003) . International Journal of the Sociology of Law , 31 ( 2 ) : 131 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Tao , L. , Zhou , H. and Liu , R. 2001 . Investigation of attitudes towards homosexuality among medical staff and college students [In Chinese] . China Journal of Medical Behavior , 10 ( 5 ) : 475 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Uretsky , E. 2008 . ‘Mobile men with money’: The socio-cultural and politico-economic context of high-risk behaviour among wealthy businessmen and government officials in urban China . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 10 ( 8 ) : 801 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walliss , J. 2001 . The problem of tradition in the work of Anthony Giddens . Culture and Religion , 2 ( 1 ) : 81 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , B. and Davidson , P. 2006 . Sex, lies and videos in rural China: A qualitative study of women's sexual debut and risky sexual behaviour . Journal of Sex Research , 43 ( 3 ) : 227 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H. 2007 . Cognition and homosexuality among 487 university students in Xi'an [In Chinese] . China Journal of School Health , 28 ( 7 ) : 601 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Widmer , E.D. , Tress , J. and Newcomb , R. 1998 . Attitudes toward non-marital sex in 24 countries . Journal of Sex Research , 35 ( 5 ) : 349 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• William , L.P. , Edward , O.L. and Sanyu , A.M. 2007 . Sexual behaviour in China: Trends and comparisons . Population and Development Review , 33 ( 4 ) : 729 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , L. 1999 . The change of marriage and sexual attitude trends: 1949–1999 [In Chinese] . Chinese Youth Studies , 20 ( 1 ) : 21 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , L. and Liu , S. 2000 . Sex knowledge, sexual attitudes and behaviour models of unmarried youth in a big city [In Chinese] . Youth Studies , 22 ( 4 ) : 14 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Yan , Y. , Liu , T. and Xu , Y. 2002 . Knowledge and attitudes towards homosexuality in students in universities and colleges [In Chinese] . Chinese Journal of Health Education , 11 ( 10 ) : 645 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Zha , B. and Geng , W. 1992 . Sexuality in urban China . Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs , : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , H. , Stanton , B. , Li , X. , Mao , R. , Sun , Z. , Kaljee , L. , Clemens , M. , Ravendhran , S. and Qu , M. 2004 . Perceptions and attitudes regarding sex and condom use among Chinese college students: A qualitative study . AIDS and Behavior , 8 ( 2 ) : 105 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , K. , Li , D. , Li , H. and Beck , E.J. 1999 . Changing sexual attitudes and behaviours in China: Implications for the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases . AIDS Care , 11 ( 5 ) : 581 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , X. , Zhang , J. and Wang , J. 2008 . Attitudes to homosexuality among medical college students in Shanxi Province [In Chinese] . China Journal of Social Medicine , 25 ( 2 ) : 104 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhao , P. , Wu , J. and Lu , H. 1995 . KAPP research on sexuality among medical students in Shanghai [In Chinese] . Sexology , 4 ( 2 ) : 40 – 3 .
   Google Scholar