‘Pure’ drug users, commercial sex workers and ‘ordinary girls’: gendered narratives of HIV risk and prevention in post-Soviet Ukraine

References

• Alliance. 2013. Ethnographic Survey of the Sex Business in Specific Regions of Ukraine: Operational Research Findings Brief Summary. International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine.
   Google Scholar
• Barnard, M. 1993. “Needle Sharing in Context: Patterns of Sharing among Men and Women Injectors and HIV Risks.” Addiction 88 (6): 805–812.10.1111/add.1993.88.issue-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, H. R. 2011. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 5th ed. Lanham, MD: AltaMira.
   Google Scholar
• Blankenship, K., and S. Koester. 2002. “Criminal Law, Policing Policy, and HIV Risk in Female Street Sex Workers and Injection Drug Users.” The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30 (4): 548–559.10.1111/jlme.2002.30.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, B., and S. Covington. 2008. “Gender Responsive Program Assessment.” Accessed September 5, 2014. http://www.centerforgenderandjustice.org/response.php
   Google Scholar
• Burruano, L. 2010. “HIV/AIDS Infection in Ukraine: A Review of Epidemiological Data.” Retrovirology 7 (Suppl 1): P1–2.10.1186/1742-4690-7-S1-P1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, J. W., M. Morgan, and M. J. Oxtoby. 1996. “Intercoder Agreement in Analysis of Responses to Open-Ended Interview Questions: Examples from Tuberculosis Research.” Cultural Anthropology Methods 8 (1): 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Cleland, C. M., D. C. Des Jarlais, T. E. Perlis, G. Stimson, and V. Poznyak. 2007. “HIV Risk Behaviors among Female IDUs in Developing and Transitional Countries.” BMC Public Health 7: 419.10.1186/1471-2458-7-271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornish, F. 2009. “Targeting HIV or Targeting Social Change? The Role of Indian Sex Workers’ Collectives in Challenging Gender Relations.” In Gender and HIV/ AIDS: Critical Perspectives from the Developing World, edited by J. Boesten and N. K. Poku, 121–141. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Decker, M. R., A. L. Wirtz, S. D. Baral, A. Peryshkina, V. Mogilnyi, R. A. Weber, and C. Beyrer. 2012. “Injection Drug Use, Sexual Risk, Violence and STI/HIV among Moscow Female Sex Workers.” Sexually Transmitted Infections 88 (4): 278–283.10.1136/sextrans-2011-050171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, M. R., A. L. Wirtz, C. Pretorius, S. G. Sherman, M. D. Sweat, S. D. Baral, and D. L. Kerrigan. 2013. “Estimating the Impact of Reducing Violence against Female Sex Workers on HIV Epidemics in Kenya and Ukraine: A Policy Modeling Exercise.” American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 69 (Suppl 4): 122–132.10.1111/aji.2013.69.issue-s1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L. 2006. “Who is Epidemiologically Fathomable in the HIV/AIDS Epidemic? Gender, Sexuality, and Intersectionality in Public Health.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 (6): 615–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bassel, N., and R. F. Schilling. 1992. “15-Month Follow-up of Women Methadone Patients Taught Skills to Reduce Heterosexual HIV Transmission.” Public Health Reports 107 (5): 500–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bassel, N., L. Gilbert, S. Witte, E. Wu, and M. Chang. 2011. “Intimate Partner Violence and HIV among Drug-Involved Women: Contexts Linking These Two Epidemics – Challenges and Implications for Prevention and Treatment.” Substance Use & Misuse 46 (2-3): 295–306.10.3109/10826084.2011.523296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bassel, N., S. A. Shaw, A. Dasgupta, and S. A. Strathdee. 2014. “People Who Inject Drugs in Intimate Relationships: It Takes Wwo to Combat HIV.” Current HIV/AIDS Reports 11 (1): 45–51.10.1007/s11904-013-0192-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euser, S. M., D. Souverein, P. R. N. Gowda, C. S. Gowda, D. Grootendorst, R. Ramaiah, S. Barot, et al. 2012. “Pragati: An Empowerment Programme for Female Sex Workers in Bangalore, India.” Global Health Action 5: 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried, S. T., and B. Kelly. 2011. “Gender, Race + Geography = Jeopardy: Marginalized Women, Human Rights and HIV in the United States.” Women’s Health Issues 21 (6): S243–S249.10.1016/j.whi.2011.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaventa, M. 2013. Keeping Women Who Use Drugs Healthy: Alliance Ukraine’s Experience Integrating HIV, Harm Reduction and Sexual and Reproductive Health Programming. Accessed October 13, 2013. https://www.aidsalliance.org/assets/000/000/381/90653-Keeping-women-who-use-drugs-healthy_original.pdf?1405520678
   Google Scholar
• Jangu, N. W., A. Tam, and E. Maticka-Tyndale. 2016. “Challenging HIV Vulnerability Discourse: The Case of Professional and Entrepreneurial Women in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 19 (5): 572–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewkes, R., R. Morrell, Y. Sikweyiya, K. Dunkle, and L. Penn-Kekana. 2012. “Transactional Relationships and Sex with a Woman in Prostitution: Prevalence and Patterns in a Representative Sample of South African Men.” BMC Public Health 12: 405.10.1186/1471-2458-12-325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kissin, W. B., Z. Tang, K. M. Campbell, R. E. Claus, and R. G. Orwin. 2014. “Gender-Sensitive Substance Abuse Treatment and Arrest Outcomes for Women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 46 (3): 332–339.10.1016/j.jsat.2013.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnus, M., I. Kuo, G. Phillips, A. Rawls, J. Peterson, L. Montanez, and A. E. Greenberg. 2013. “Differing HIV Risks and Prevention Needs among Men and Women Injection Drug Users (IDU) in the District of Columbia.” Journal of Urban Health 90 (1): 157–166.10.1007/s11524-012-9687-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murney, M. 2007. “‘Our Women Are Berehynia’:(in) Authentic Femininity and Addiction in Western Ukraine.” In MCIS BRIEFINGS: Comparative Program on Health and Society, Lupina Foundation Working Papers Series 2006-2007, edited by J. C. Cohen-Kohler and M. B. Seaton, 132-147. Toronto, CA: University of Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Owczarzak, J., O. Filippova, and S. Phillips. 2014. “A Novel, Bottom-up Approach to Promote Evidence-Based HIV Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs in Ukraine: Protocol for the MICT (“Bridge”) HIV Prevention Exchange Project.” Implementation Science 9: 18.10.1186/1748-5908-9-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owczarzak, J., S. Phillips, O. Filippova, P. Alpatova, A. Mazhnaya, T. Zub, and R. Aleksanyan. 2016. “A ‘Common Factors’ Approach to Developing Culturally-Tailored HIV Prevention Interventions.” Health Education and Behavior 43 (3): 347–357.10.1177/1090198115602665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, S. 2014. “Feminism, Nationalism, and Militarism on the Maidan.” American Ethnologist 41 (3): 414–426.10.1111/amet.2014.41.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubchak, M. 1996. “Christian Virgin or Pagan Goddess: Feminism versus the Eternally Feminine in Ukraine.” In Women in Russia and Ukraine, edited by R. Marsh, 315–330. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ryabchuk, A. 2014. “Homelessness in Ukraine: Structural Causes and Moral Evaluation.” Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 22 (3): 288–306.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, G. W. 1999. “Measuring the Typicality of Text: Using Multiple Coders for More than Just Reliability and Validity Checks.” Human Organization 58 (3): 313–322.10.17730/humo.58.3.g224147522545rln
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobo, E. J. 1995. Choosing Unsafe Sex: AIDS Risk Denial among Disadvantaged Women. Philadelphia, PA: Penn Press.
   Google Scholar
• Solari, C. 2014. “Transnational Moral Economies: Discourses of Poverty, Nationalism and Motherhood in Ukrainian Migration.” Conference Paper for the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA, 1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Stoebenau, K., S. Nix, C. Rubincan, S. Willan, Y. Zembe, P. Tanga, H. Bello, C. Caceres, L. Townsend, P. Rakotoarison, and V. Razafintsalama. 2011. “More than Just Talk: The Framing of Transactional Sex and Its Implications for Vulnerability to HIV in Lesotho, Madagascar and South Africa.” Globalization and Health 7: 34.10.1186/1744-8603-7-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strathdee, S. A., R. Lozada, G. Martinez, A. Vera, M. Rusch, L. Nguyen, and T. L. Patterson. 2011. “Social and Structural Factors Associated with HIV Infection among Female Sex Workers Who Inject Drugs in the Mexico-US Border Region.” PLoS ONE 6 (4): e19048.10.1371/journal.pone.0019048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strathdee, S. A., L. Beletsky, and T. Kerr. 2015. “HIV, Drugs and the Legal Environment.” International Journal of Drug Policy 26 (Suppl. 1): S27–S32.10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swader, C., and I. Vorobeva. 2015. “Receiving Gifts for Sex in Moscow, Kyiv, and Minsk: A Compensated Dating Survey.” Sexuality & Culture 19 (2): 321–348.10.1007/s12119-014-9269-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swader, C. S., O. Strelkova, and A. Sutormina. 2013. “Love as a Fictitious Commodity: Gift-for-Sex Barters as Contractual Carriers of Intimacy.” Sexuality & Culture 17 (4): 598–616.10.1007/s12119-012-9162-1
   Google Scholar
• Tang, Z., R. E. Claus, R. G. Orwin, W. B. Kissin, and C. Arieira. 2012. “Measurement of Gender-Sensitive Treatment for Women in Mixed-Gender Substance Abuse Treatment Programs.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 123 (1-3): 160–166.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolstokorova, A. 2010. “Where Have All the Mothers Gone? The Gendered Effect of Labour Migration and Transnationalism on the Institution of Parenthood in Ukraine.” The Anthropology of East Europe Review 28 (1): 184–214.
   Google Scholar
• Tyldum, G. 2014. “Motherhood, Agency and Sacrifice in Narratives on Female Migration for Care Work.” Sociology 49 (1): 56–71.
   Google Scholar
• Ukraine Harmonized AIDS Response Progress Report. 2014. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents//UKR_narrative_report_2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ukrainian Ministry of Health. 2010. Ukraine: National Report on Monitoring Progress towards the UNGASS Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. Reporting Period: January 2008-December 2009. Kiev.
   Google Scholar
• VERBI GmbH. 2011. MAXQDA: The Art of Data Analysis. Berlin. www.maxqda.com.
   Google Scholar
• Vijeyarasa, R. 2012. “The Cinderella Syndrome: Economic Expectations, False Hopes and the Exploitation of Trafficked Ukrainian Women.” Women’s Studies International Forum 35 (1): 53–62.10.1016/j.wsif.2011.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2008. Policy Guidelines for Collaborative TB and HIV Services for Injecting and Other Drug Users: An Integrated Approach. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar