Translating the theory of intersectionality into quantitative and mixed methods for empirical gender transformative research on health

References

• Adler, N. E., and K. Newman. 2002. “Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Pathways and Policies.” Health Affairs (Project Hope) 21 (2): 60–76. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. M. 2000. “Gender, ‘Race’, Poverty, Health and Discourses of Health Reform in the Context of Globalization: A Postcolonial Feminist Perspective in Policy Research.” Nursing Inquiry 7 (4): 220–229. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1800.2000.00074.x
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, G. R. 2014. “Incorporating Intersectionality Theory into Population Health Research Methodology: Challenges and the Potential to Advance Health Equity.” Social Science & Medicine 110: 10–17. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. 2008. “When Black+ Lesbian+ Woman≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The Methodological Challenges of Qualitative and Quantitative Intersectionality Research.” Sex Roles 59 (5-6): 312–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostwick, W. B., I. Meyer, F. Aranda, S. Russell, T. Hughes, M. Birkett, and B. Mustanski. 2014. “Mental Health and Suicidality among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sexual Minority Youths.” American Journal of Public Health 104 (6): 1129–1136. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. 2012. “The Problem with the Phrase Women and Minorities: intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health.” American Journal of Public Health 102 (7): 1267–1273. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., and G. Bauer. 2016. “Invited Reflection: Quantifying Intersectionality.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 40 (3): 337–341. doi:10.1177/0361684316654282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, J. E., and Y. Xie. 2010. “Who Benefits Most from College? Evidence for Negative Selection in Heterogeneous Economic Returns to Higher Education.” American Sociological Review 75 (2): 273–302. doi:10.1177/0003122410363567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassell, E. J. 2000. “The Principles of the Belmont Report Revisited: How Have respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice Been Applied to Clinical Medicine?” The Hastings Center Report 30 (4): 12–21. doi:10.2307/3527640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choo, H. Y., and M. M. Ferree. 2010. “Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities.” Sociological Theory 28 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. 1998. “It's All in the Family: Intersections of Gender, Race, and Nation.” Hypatia 13 (3): 62–82. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.1998.tb01370.x
   Google Scholar
• Combahee River Collective. 1977. 'A Black Feminist Statement': na.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. 2006. “Glass Ceilings or Gendered Institutions? Mapping the Gender Regimes of Public Sector Worksites.” Public Administration Review 66 (6): 837–849. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00652.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R. 2012. “Gender, Health and Theory: Conceptualizing the Issue, in Local and World Perspective.” Social Science & Medicine 74 (11): 1675–1683. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 1987. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. 1st ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989: 139–168.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Identity Politics, Intersectionality, and Violence against Women.” Stanford Law Review 43 (6): 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., A. C. Klassen, V. L. P. Clark, and K. C. Smith. 2011. “Best Practices for Mixed Methods Research in the Health Sciences.” Bethesda (Maryland): National Institutes of Health, Office of behavioral and Social Sciences Research. Available at https://mafiadoc.com/best-practices-for-mixed-methods-research-in-the-health-sciences_5977bb0d1723dde28b57d5ee.html
   Google Scholar
• D’Andrea, L. A. 2002. “The (Crying) Need for Different Kinds of Research.” Research for Sex Work 5: Health, HIV and Sex Work - the Influence of Migration and Mobility 5: 30–32.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, K. 2008. “Intersectionality as Buzzword: A Sociology of Science Perspective on What Makes a Feminist Theory Successful.” Feminist Theory 9 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1177/1464700108086364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dengah, H. F., E. Thomas, E. Hawvermale, and E. Temple. 2019. “Find That Balance:” the Impact of Cultural Consonance and Dissonance on Mental Health among Utah and Mormon Women.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 33 (3): 439–458. doi:10.1111/maq.12527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, K., R. G. Levtov, G. Barker, G. G. Bastian, J. B. Bingenheimer, S. Kazimbaya, A. Nzabonimpa, J. Pulerwitz, F. Sayinzoga, V. Sharma., et al. 2018. “Gender-Transformative Bandebereho Couples' Intervention to Promote Male Engagement in Reproductive and Maternal Health and Violence Prevention in Rwanda: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” PloS One 13 (4): e0192756. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressler, W. W., K. S. Oths, and C. C. Gravlee. 2005. “Race and Ethnicity in Public Health Research: Models to Explain Health Disparities.” Annual Review of Anthropology 34 (1): 231–252. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrow, J. K. 2008. “How Can We account for Intersectionality in Quantitative Analysis of Survey Data? Empirical Illustration for Central and Eastern Europe.” ASK Research and Methods 17 (1): 85–100.
   Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L., P. J. Fleming, and C. J. Colvin. 2015. “The Promises and Limitations of Gender-Transformative Health Programming with Men: Critical Reflections from the Field.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 17 (sup2): 128–143. doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1035751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Else-Quest, N. M., and J. S. Hyde. 2016. “Intersectionality in Quantitative Psychological Research: Ii. Methods and Techniques.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 40 (3): 319–336. doi:10.1177/0361684316647953
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, C. R., D. R. Williams, J.-P. Onnela, and S. V. Subramanian. 2018. “A Multilevel Approach to Modeling Health Inequalities at the Intersection of Multiple Social Identities.” Social Science & Medicine 203: 64–73. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freimuth, V. S., S. C. Quinn, S. B. Thomas, G. Cole, E. Zook, and T. Duncan. 2001. “African Americans’ Views on Research and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.” Social Science & Medicine 52 (5): 797–808. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00178-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glanz, K., B. K. Rimer, and F. M. Lewis. 2002. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Gottdiener, M. 1993. “Ideology, Foundationalism, and Sociological Theory.” The Sociological Quarterly 34 (4): 653–671. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00111.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guruge, S., and N. Khanlou. 2004. “Intersectionalities of Influence: Researching the Health of Immigrant and Refugee Women.” Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 36 (3): 32–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hancock, A.-M. 2019. “Empirical Intersectionality: A Tale of Two Approaches.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Intersectionality in Public Policy. The Politics of Intersectionality, edited by O. Hankivsky and J. S. Jordan-Zachery, 95–132. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hankivsky, O. 2012. “Women’s Health, Men’s Health, and Gender and Health: Implications of Intersectionality.” Social Science & Medicine 74 (11): 1712–1720. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankivsky, O., and D. Grace. 2015. “Understanding and Emphasizing Difference and Intersectionality in Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research.” In The Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry, edited by S. Nagy Hesse-Biber and R. B. Johnson, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harawa, N. T., and C. L. Ford. 2009. “The Foundation of Modern Racial Categories and Implications for Research on Black/White Disparities in Health.” Ethnicity and Disease 19 (2): 209–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckman, J. J. 2005. “The Scientific Model of Causality.” Sociological Methodology 35 (1): 1–97. doi:10.1111/j.0081-1750.2006.00164.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillenbrand, E., N. Karim, P. Mohanraj, and D. Wu. 2015. “Measuring Gender-Transformative Change: A Review of Literature and Promising Practices.” Care USA Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. 2003. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (with Cd), edited by B. D. Smedley, A. Y. Stith and A. R. Nelson. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iyer, A., G. Sen, and P. Ostlin. 2008. “The Intersections of Gender and Class in Health Status and Health Care.” Global Public Health 3 (Suppl 1): 13–24. doi:10.1080/17441690801892174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson, R. B., and A. J. Onwuegbuzie. 2004. “Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come.” Educational Researcher 33 (7): 14–26. doi:10.3102/0013189X033007014
   Google Scholar
• Knudsen, S. V. 2006. “Intersectionality–A Theoretical Inspiration in the Analysis of Minority Cultures and Identities in Textbooks.” In Caught in the Web or Lost in the Textbook, edited by É. Bruillard, B. Aamotsbakken, S. V. Knudsen, and M. Horsley, vol. 53, 61–76. Paris: Caen.
   Google Scholar
• Kruskal, W. 1988. “Miracles and Statistics: The Casual Assumption of Independence.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 83 (404): 929–940. doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman, E. S. 2005. “Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research.” American Political Science Review 99 (3): 435–452. doi:10.1017/S0003055405051762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorber, J. 2006. “Shifting Paradigms and Challenging Categories.” Social Problems 53 (4): 448. doi:10.1525/sp.2006.53.4.448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda, M. J. 1991. “Beside My Sister, Facing the Enemy: Legal Theory out of Coalition.” Stanford Law Review 43 (6): 1183–1192. doi:10.2307/1229035
   Google Scholar
• Maureen O'Mahony, J., and T. T. Donnelly. 2010. “A Postcolonial Feminist Perspective Inquiry into Immigrant Women's Mental Health Care Experiences.” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 31 (7): 440–449. doi:10.3109/01612840903521971
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCall, L. 2005. “The Complexity of Intersectionality.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30 (3): 1771–1800. doi:10.1086/426800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGibbon, E., and C. McPherson. 2011. “Applying Intersectionality & Complexity Theory to Address the Social Determinants of Women's Health.” Women's Health and Urban Life 10 (1): 59–86.
   Google Scholar
• Pearl, J. 2003. “Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference.” Econometric Theory 19 (675–685): 46.
   Google Scholar
• Pederson, A., L. Greaves, and N. Poole. 2015. “Gender-Transformative Health Promotion for Women: A Framework for Action.” Health Promotion International 30 (1): 140–150. doi:10.1093/heapro/dau083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulerwitz, J., S. L. Gortmaker, and W. Dejong. 2000. “Measuring Sexual Relationship Power in HIV/STD Research.” Sex Roles 42 (7/8): 637–660. doi:10.1023/A:1007051506972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnik, D. B. 2012. Research Ethics Timeline (1932-Present). Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Science.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., and D. L. Espelage. 2013. “Peer Victimization and Sexual Risk Differences between Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Questioning and Nontransgender Heterosexual Youths in Grades 7–12.” American Journal of Public Health 103 (10): 1810–1819. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, L. 2016. “Incorporating Intersectionality into Psychology: An Opportunity to Promote Social Justice and Equity.” The American Psychologist 71 (6): 474. doi:10.1037/a0040323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouhani, S. 2014. “Intersectionality-Informed Quantitative Research: A Primer.” American Journal of Public Health 103 (6): 1082–1089.
   Google Scholar
• Sen, G., and A. Iyer. 2012. “Who Gains, Who Loses and How: Leveraging Gender and Class Intersections to Secure Health Entitlements.” Social Science & Medicine 74 (11): 1802–1811. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields, S. A. 2008. “Gender: An Intersectionality Perspective.” Sex Roles 59 (5–6): 301–311. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9501-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. 1983. Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. New York: Kitchen Table–Women of Color Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum, C., L. Greaves, and I. D. Graham. 2016. “Why Sex and Gender Matter in Implementation Research.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 16 (1): 145. doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0247-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, J. C., M. Sage, J. Dillenberg, and V. J. Guillory. 2002. “A Code of Ethics of Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 92, 1057–1059.
   Google Scholar
• Trickett, E. J., S. Beehler, C. Deutsch, L. W. Green, P. Hawe, K. McLeroy, R. L. Miller, B. D. Rapkin, J. J. Schensul, A. J. Schulz., et al. 2011. “Advancing the Science of Community-Level Interventions.” American Journal of Public Health 101 (8): 1410–1419. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulijaszek, S. 2013. “Cultural Consensus Modeling of Disease.” In When Culture Impacts Health, edited by C. Banwell, S. Ulijaszek, and J. Dixon, 269–278. London: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Van den Berg, W., L. Hendricks, A. Hatcher, D. Peacock, P. Godana, and S. Dworkin. 2013. “‘One Man Can’: Shifts in Fatherhood Beliefs and Parenting Practices Following a Gender-Transformative Programme in Eastern Cape, South Africa.” Gender & Development 21 (1): 111–125. doi:10.1080/13552074.2013.769775
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Herk, K. A., D. Smith, and C. Andrew. 2011. “Examining Our Privileges and Oppressions: Incorporating an Intersectionality Paradigm into Nursing.” Nursing Inquiry 18 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1800.2011.00539.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, A. M., B. Cislaghi, V. Meausoone, S. Abdalla, I. Mejía-Guevara, P. Loftus, E. Hallgren, I. Seff, L. Stark, C. G. Victora., et al. 2019. “Gender Norms and Health: Insights from Global Survey Data.” The Lancet 393 (10189): 2455–2468. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30765-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westbrook, L., and A. Saperstein. 2015. “New Categories Are Not Enough: Rethinking the Measurement of Sex and Gender in Social Surveys.” Gender & Society 29 (4): 534–560. doi:10.1177/0891243215584758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickrama, K. A., R. D. Conger, L. E. Wallace, and G. H. Elder. 1999. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Health-Risk Behaviors: Adolescent Lifestyles and Gender Moderating Effects.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 40 (3): 258–272. doi:10.2307/2676351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingood, G. M., and R. J. DiClemente. 2000. “Application of the Theory of Gender and Power to Examine HIV-Related Exposures, Risk Factors, and Effective Interventions for Women.” Health Education & Behavior 27 (5): 539–565. doi:10.1177/109019810002700502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, Y. J. E., Brand, and B. Jann. 2012. “Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects with Observational Data.” Sociological Methodology 42 (1): 314–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar