The Disconnection In Online Politics: the youth political web sphere and US election sites, 2002–2004

References

• Andolina , M. and Jenkins , K. Don't write off the kids just yet… hopeful prospects for youth in the 2004 election . paper presented at the Pre-APSA Conference on Political Communication . 1 September 2004 , Chicago, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Bimber , B. 2003 . Information and American Democracy: Technology in the Evolution of Political Power , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , J. 2007 . “ The UCLA Internet report: surveying the digital future Year Three ” . Los Angeles, CA : UCLA Center for Communication Policy . [Online] Available at: http://www.forbes.com/fdc/mediaresourcecenter/UCLA03.pdf (15 June 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Delli Carpini , M. 2000 . Gen.com: youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment . Political Communication , 17 ( 4 ) : 341 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foot , K. A. and Schneider , S. M. 2002 . Online action in Campaign 2000: An exploratory analysis of the U.S. Political Web Sphere . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 46 ( 2 ) : 222 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foot , K. A. and Schneider , S. 2006 . Web Campaigning , Boston, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foot , K. A. , Schneider , S. M. and Dougherty , M. Web practices of political actors in the 2004 U.S. Congressional Election web sphere . paper presented at the International Communication Association Conferenc . 28 May , New York.
   Google Scholar
• Foot , K. A. , Schneider , S. , Xenos , M. and Dougherty , M. in press . Candidates' web practices in the 2002 House, Senate, and Gubernatorial elections . Journal of Political Marketing ,
   Google Scholar
• Fox , S. 2004 . Older Americans and the Internet . Pew Internet and American Life Project, [Online] Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Seniors_Online_2004.pdf (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Howard , P. 2006 . New Media Campaigns and the Mmanaged Citizen , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Iozzi , D. and Bennett , L. 2003 . “ Crossing the campaign divide: Dean changes the election game ” . In E-Voter 2003 , Edited by: Jagoda , K. E-Voter Institute . [Online] Available at: http://depts.washington.edu/ccce/assets/documents/iozzi_bennet_crossing.pdf (15 November 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Iyengar , S. and Jackman , S. Technology and politics: incentives for youth participation . paper presented at the International Conference on Civic Education Research . 16–18 November . New Orleans, LA
   Google Scholar
• Lopez , M. H. , Kirby , E. and Sagoff , J. 2004 . “ The youth vote ” . Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement Fact Sheet . [Online] Available at: http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_Youth_Voting_72-04.pdf (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Lupia , A. and Philpot , T. S. 2005 . Views from inside the net: how websites affect young adults' political interest . Journal of Politics , 67 ( 4 ) : 1122 – 1142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden , M. 2003 . America's online pursuits: the changing picture of who's online and what they do . Pew Internet and American Life Project, [Online] Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Online_Pursuits_Final.PDF (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Madden , M. and Fox , S. 2006 . Riding the waves of ‘Web 2.0 . (Backgrounder, Pew Internet and American Life Project) [Online] Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Web_2.0.pdf (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Monge , P. R. History and Emergence of Communication Networks . presented at Networkshop, International Communication Association . 27 May , New Orleans.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , T. E. 2004 . Young Voters and the 2004 Election . [Online] Available at: http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/presspol/vanishvoter/Releases/Vanishing_Voter_Final_Report_2004_Election.pdf (15 June 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center . 2004 . “ Young people more engaged, more uncertain, debates more important to young voters ” . Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press . released 30 September, [Online] Available at: http://people-press.org/commentary/display.php3?AnalysisID = 99 (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. 2000 . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Rainie , L. , Cornfield , M. and Horrigan , J. 2005 . The Internet and Campaign 2004 . Pew Internet and American Life Project Report, [Online] Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_2004_Campaign.pdf (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Schier , S. 2000 . By Invitation Only: The Rise of Exclusive Politics in the United States , Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stromer-Galley , J. 2000 . On-line interaction and why candidates avoid it . Journal of Communication , 50 ( 4 ) : 111 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stromer-Galley , J. and Foot , K. A. 2002 . Citizen perceptions of online interactivity and implications for political campaign communication . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , 8 ( 1 ) [Online] Available at: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue1/stromerandfoot.html (23 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Sundar , S. S. , Kalyanaraman , S. and Brown , J. 2003 . Explicating Web site interactivity: impression formation effects in political campaign sites . Communication Research , 30 ( 1 ) : 30 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolbert , C. and McNeal , R. 2003 . Unraveling the effects of the internet on political participation . Political Research Quarterly , 56 ( 2 ) : 175 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verba , S. , Schlozman , K. L. and Brady , H. E. 1995 . Voice and equality: civic voluntarism in American politics , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Warnick , B. , Xenos , M. , Endres , D. and Gastil , J. 2005 . Effects of campaign-to-user and text-based interactivity in political candidate campaign web sites . Journal of Computer-mediated Communication , 10 ( 3 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. P. , Trammell , K. D. , Postelnicu , M. , Landreville , K. D. and Martin , J. D. 2005 . Blogging and hyperlinking: use of the Web to enhance viability during 2004 U.S. campaigns . Journalism Studies , 6 ( 2 ) : 177 – 186 .
   Google Scholar