COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND PROTEST

References

• Barker-Plummer , B. 1995 . News as a political resource: media strategies and political identity in the U.S. women's movement . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 ( 3 ) : 306 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baym , N. K. 1998 . “ The emergence of on-line community ” . In Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer Media Communication and Community , Edited by: Jones , S. G. 35 – 68 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , L. W. , Givens , T. E. and Willnat , L. 2004 . ‘Crossing political divides: Internet use and political identifications in transnational anti-war and social justice activists in eight nations’, paper presented in the European Consortium for Political Research Workshop: Emerging Repertoires of Political Action, Uppsala, Sweden, 14–18 April, [Online] Available at: http://www.essex.ac.uk/ecpr/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/uppsala/ws24/Bennett.pdf (5 April 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Bertelson , D. A. 1992 . Media form and government: democracy as an archetypal image in the electronic age . Communication Quarterly , 40 : 325 – 337 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowe , F. G. 2002 . Deaf and hard of hearing Americans’ instant messaging and e-mail use: a national survey . American Annals of the Deaf , 147 ( 4 ) : 6 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buechler , S. 1990 . Women's Movements in the United States , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Byerly , C. M. 2005 . The formation of an oppositional discourse . Feminist Media Studies , 5 ( 3 ) : 281 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Coombs , W. T. 1998 . The Internet as potential equalizer: new leverage for confronting social irresponsibility . Public Relations Review , 24 ( 3 ) : 289 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuculick , J. and Kelly , R. R. 2003 . Relating deaf students' reading and language scores at college entry to their degree completion rates . American Annals of the Deaf , 148 ( 4 ) : 279 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , J. and Couldry , N. 2003 . Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World , Edited by: Curran , J. and Couldry , N. Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta , D. and Mosca , L. 2005 . Global-net for global movements? A network of networks for a movement of movements . Journal of Public Policy , 25 ( 1 ) : 165 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Dertouzos , M. L. 1991 . Communication, computers and networks . Scientific American , 265 ( 3 ) : 74 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diani , M. 1992 . The concept of social movement . Sociological Review , 40 ( 1 ) : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diani , M. 2000 . Social movement networks virtual and real . Information Communication & Society , 3 ( 3 ) : 386 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Earl , J. and Schusssman , A. 2003 . The new site of activism: online organizations, movement entrepreneurs, and the changing location of social movement decision-making . Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change , 24 : 155 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Ess , C. 1996 . “ The political computer: democracy, CMC, and Habermas ” . In Philosophical Perspectives on Computer-Mediated Communication , Edited by: Ess , C. 197 – 230 . Albany, NY : State University of New York .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , D. R. 1998 . Rumoring theory and the internet: a framework for analyzing the grass roots . Social Science Computer Review , 16 ( 2 ) : 158 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , M. 2006 . A lonely voice for inclusion in a redoubt of the radical deaf . Washington Post , 19 October : B01
   Google Scholar
• Friess , S. 1999 . Cyber activism: Internet protests and demonstrations . The Advocate , 2 March : 35
   Google Scholar
• Garrett , K. R. 2006 . Protest in an information society: a review of the literature on social movements and the new ITCs . Information, Communication & Society: ICS , 9 ( 2 ) : 202 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin , T. 1980 . The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , E. L. 1990 . Sacrifice for the cause: group processes recruitment and commitment in a social movement . America Social Review , 55 : 243 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg , N. M. , Lomicky , C. L. and Weiner , S. F. 2008 . Computer mediated communication at Gallaudet University: a preliminary report . American Annals of the Deaf , 153 ( 1 ) : 89 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horrigan , J. , Garrett , K. and Resnick , P. 2004 . The Internet and democratic debate . Pew Internet & American Life Project , [Online] Available at: http://www.pewInternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Political_Info_Report.pdf (27 February 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Hwang , H. , Schmierbach , M. , Paek , H. , de Zuniga , H. G. and Shah , D. 2006 . Media dissociation, internet use, and antiwar political participation: a case study of political dissent and action against the war in Iraq . Mass Communication & Society , 9 ( 4 ) : 461 – 483 .
   Google Scholar
• Inside Gallaudet . 2006 . news release . [Online] Available at: http://news.gallaudet.edu/newsreleases/index.asp?ID=9951 (10 December 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Jones , S. G. 1998 . “ Information, internet and community: notes toward an understanding of the community in the information age ” . In Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer Media Communication and Community , Edited by: Jones , S. G. 1 – 34 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , T. and Berger , C. Students' use of multimedia science instruction: designing for the MTV generation? . paper for the meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching . April 22–25 , San Francisco, CA. [Online] Available at: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~cberger/narst95folder/narst95.html (15 March 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Kaase , M. and Marsh , A. 1979 . “ Political action: a theoretical perspective ” . In Political Action , Edited by: Barnes , S. Kaase , M. 27 – 56 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kavada , A. 2005 . Exploring the role of the internet in the “movement for alternative globalization”: The case of the Paris 2003 European Social Forum . Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture , 2 ( 1 ) : 72 – 95 . [Online] Available at: http://www.wmin.ac.uk/mad/pdf/Kavada.pdf (8 May 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Kellner , D. 1999 . Globalisation from below? Toward a radical democratic technopolitics . Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities , 4 ( 2 ) : 101 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Kinzie , S. 2006 . Student rebellion boils over at Gallaudet; campus shut down; arrests threatened . Washington Post , 12 October : A01
   Google Scholar
• Klandermans , B. 1997 . The Social Psychology of Protest , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , T. , Ikeda , K. and Miyata , K. 2006 . Social capital online: collective use of the internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy . Information, Communication & Society , 9 ( 5 ) : 582 – 611 .
   Google Scholar
• Lax , S. 2000 . “ The internet and democracy ” . In WeblStudies: Rewiring Media Studies for the Digital Age , Edited by: Gauntlett , D. 159 – 169 . London : Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Lively , T. 2006 . Gallaudet protesters march through campus . The Washington Times , 28 October : A09
   Google Scholar
• Melucci , A. 1996 . Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Monikowski , C. 1997 . Electronic media: broadening deaf students’ access to knowledge . American Annals of the Deaf , 142 ( April ) : 101 – 104 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myers , J. D. Media, communication technology, and protest waves . paper presented at the Social Movement Analysis: . Loch Lormond, Scotland. The Network Perspective
   Google Scholar
• Parasnis , I. 1997 . Cultural identity and diversity in deaf education . American Annuals of the Deaf , 142 ( 2 ) : 72 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton , M. Q. 2002 . Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Polletta , F. and Jasper , J. M. 2001 . Collective identity and social movements . Annual Review of Sociology , 27 ( 1 ) : 283 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poster , M. 1997 . “ Cyberdemocracy: Internet and the public sphere ” . In Internet Culture , Edited by: Porter , D. 201 – 217 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Power , M. R. , Power , D. and Horstmanshof , L. 2007 . Deaf people communicating via SMS, TTY, relay service, fax, and computers in Australia . Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education , 12 ( 1 ) : 80 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preece , J. 2000 . Online Communities: Designing Usability, Supporting Sociability , West Sussex : Wiley, Chichester .
   Google Scholar
• Rheingold , H. 1993 . The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , MA : Addison-Welsey, Reading .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , A. 2005 . Myth and the Zapatista movement: exploring a network identity . New Media & Society , 7 ( 4 ) : 559 – 577 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schemo , D. 2006 . Tension simmers at university for deaf . New York Times , 13 May : A10
   Google Scholar
• Scott , A. and Street , J. 2000 . From media politics to e-protest; the use of popular culture and new media in parties and social movements . Information, Communication & Society , 3 ( 2 ) : 215 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Shah , D. , Kwak , N. and Holbert , R. L. 2001 . Connecting and disconnecting with civic life: patterns of internet use and the production of social capital . Political Communication , 18 ( 2 ) : 141 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , R. and Block , M. 2006 . Blogs capture, amplify Gallaudet protest . All Things Considered, National Public Radio , [Online] Available at: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6382419 (14 April 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Sleven , J. 2000 . The Internet and Society , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Strauss , V. 2007 . Excessive force wasn't used against students occupying building, report finds . Washington Post , 17 January : B06
   Google Scholar
• Takruri , L. 2006 . Handhelds aided Gallaudet protesters . [Online] Available at: http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/data/2006-11-08-gallaudet-mobile-protest_x.htm (15 November 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Teicher , S. A. 2006 . Signs of change at Gallaudet . The Christian Science Monitor , : 13 [Online] Available at: http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1108/p13s02-legn.htm (30 June 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Tolbert , C. and McNeal , R. 2003 . Unraveling the effects of the internet on political participation . Political Research Quarterly , 56 ( 2 ) : 175 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Aelst , P. and Walgrave , S. 2002 . New media, new movements? The role of the internet in shaping the “anti-globalization” movement . Information, Communication & Society , 5 ( 4 ) : 465 – 494 .
   Google Scholar
• Virnoche , M. E. and Marx , G. T. 1997 . “Only Connect” – E. M. Forster in an age of electronic communication: computer-mediated association and community networks . Sociological Inquiry , 67 ( 1 ) : 85 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman , B. , Salaff , J. , Dimitrova , D. , Garten , L. , Gulia , M. and Hawthornthwaite , C. 1996 . Computer networks as social networks: collaborative work, telework, and virtual community . Annual Review of Sociology , 22 : 213 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zongker , B. 2006 . Gallaudet rejects Fernandes as president . Washingtonpost.com, [Online] Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/29/ AR2006102900522_ (30 October 2006)
   Google Scholar