Derailed emotions: The transformation of claims and targets during the Wenzhou online incident

References

• Alimi, E. Y., Bosi, L., & Demetriou, C. (2012). Relational dynamics and processes of radicalization: A comparative framework. Mobilization: An International Journal, 17(1), 7–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayres, J. M. (1999). From the streets to the internet: The cyber-diffusion of contention. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 566(1), 132–143. doi: 10.1177/0002716299566001011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandurski, D. (2011, July 21). Inside the murky plans of ‘Great Leap Liu’. Retrieved 18 March 2012, from http://cmp.hku.hk/2011/07/21/13951/
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L. (2012). The personalization of politics: Political identity, social media, and changing patterns of participation. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 644, 20–39. doi: 10.1177/0002716212451428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2011). Digital media and the personalization of collective action. Social technology and the organization of protests against the global economic crisis. Information, Communication & Society, 14(6), 770–799. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2011.579141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Bimber, B., Flanagin, A. J., & Stohl, C. (2005). Reconceptualizing collective action in the contemporary media environment. Communication Theory, 15(4), 365–388. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00340.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, Y. (2010). Collective resistance in China: Why popular protests succeed or fail. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. The information age: Economy, society and culture. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Century Weekly, E. (2011, August 26). Our bullet train lesson: Look before leaping. A Century Weekly. Retrieved from http://english.caixin.com/2011-08-26/100295367_all.html
   Google Scholar
• Chen, X. (2012). Social protest and contentious authoritarianism in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chin, J. (2011, July 26). Weibo watershed? Train collision anger explodes online. China real time report. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/07/26/weibo-watershed-train-collision-anger-explodes-online/
   Google Scholar
• Clark, J. D., & Themudo, N. S. (2006). Linking the web and the street: Internet-based dotcauses’ and the anti-globalization' movement. World Development, 34(1), 50–74. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CNNIC. (2013). CNNIC released the 31st statistical report on Internet development. Retrieved 24 January 2013, from http://www1.cnnic.cn/AU/MediaC/rdxw/2012nrd/201301/t20130116_38529.htm
   Google Scholar
• Commercio, M. E. (2009). Emotion and blame in collective action: Russian voice in Kyrgyzstan and Latvia. Political Science Quarterly, 124(3), 489–512. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00657.x
   Google Scholar
• Craig, S. C. (1980). The mobilization of political discontent. Political Behavior, 2(2), 189–209. doi: 10.1007/BF00989890
   Google Scholar
• Custer, C. (2011). Death on the high speed rail, Day 2. China Geeks. Retrieved from http://chinageeks.org/2011/07/death-on-the-high-speed-rail-day-2/
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D., & Mosca, L. (2005). Global-net for global movements? A network of networks for a movement of movements. Journal of Public Policy, 25(1), 165–190. doi: 10.1017/S0143814X05000255
   Google Scholar
• Diamond, L., & Plattner, M. F. (Eds.). (2012). Liberation technology: Social media and the struggle for democracy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• van de Donk, W., Loader, B. D., Nixon, P. G., & Rucht, D. (2004). Introduction: Social movements and ICTs. In W. van de Donk, B. D. Loader, P. G. Nixon, & D. Rucht (Eds.), Cyberprotest: New media, citizens and social movements (pp. 1–25). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dumitrica, D. (2011). Editorial: Special issue: Methodological approaches to the study of virtual environments and online social networks. Graduate Journal of Social Science, 8(3), 9–13.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, J., & Kimport, K. (2011). Digitally enabled social change. Activism in the internet age. Boston: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, J., & Schussman, A. (2003). The new site of activism: On-line organizations, movement entrepreneurs, and the changing location of social movement decision making. In P. Coy (Ed.), Consensus Decision Making, Northern Ireland and Indigenous Movements (Research in social movements, conflicts and change) (Vol. 24, pp. 155–187). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?chapterid=1783714&show=pdf
   Google Scholar
• Easton, D. (1975). A re-assessment of the concept of political support. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435–457. doi: 10.1017/S0007123400008309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elfstrom, M., & Kuruvilla, S. (2012, July). The changing nature of labor unrest in China. Paper presented at the International Labor and Employment Relations conference, Philadelphia. http://ilera2012.wharton.upenn.edu/NonRefereedPapers/Kuruvilla,%20Sarosh%20and%20Elfstrom,%20Manfred.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Esarey, A., & Qiang, X. (2008). Political expression in the Chinese blogosphere: Below the radar. Asian Survey, 48(5), 752–772. doi: 10.1525/AS.2008.48.5.752
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etling, B., Faris, R., & Palfrey, J. (2010). Political change in the digital age: The fragility and promise of online organizing. SAIS Review, 30(2), 37–49.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, H. (2012). The consequences of the internet for politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 15, 35–52. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-030810-110815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felstiner, W. L. F., Abel, R. L., & Sarat, A. (1980/1981). The emergence and transformation of disputes: Naming, blaming, claiming. Law and Society Review, 15(3/4), 631–654. doi: 10.2307/3053505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzosi, R. (2008). Content analysis: Objective, systematic, and quantitative description of content. In R. Franzosi (Ed.), Content analysis (Vol. 1, pp. XXI–XLX). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fu, K.-w., & Chau, M. (2013). Reality check for the Chinese microblog space: A random sampling approach. PLOS ONE, 8(3), e58356. doi: 10.1371/annotation/21379809-1376-4250-b4c2-bf51eac58a98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett, R. K. (2006). Protest in an information society: A review of literature on social movements and new ICTs. Information, Communication & Society, 9(2), 202–224. doi: 10.1080/13691180600630773
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (1994). Modernity and self-identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gladwell, M. (2010, October 4). Small change. Why the revolution will not be tweeted. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell?currentPage=all
   Google Scholar
• GlobalTimes. (2011, December 29). Govt gets crash course on public opinion, Global Times. Retrieved from www.globaltimes.cn
   Google Scholar
• Göbel, C., & Ong, L. H. (2012). Social unrest in China (65 pp.). London: ECRAN.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, M. H., & Svarverud, R. (Eds.). (2010). iChina: The rise of the individual in modern Chinese society. Copenhagen: NIAS.
   Google Scholar
• Hassid, J. (2012, August/September). The politics of China’s emerging micro-blogs: Something new or more of the same? Paper presented at the APSA 2012 annual meeting, New Orleans. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2106459
   Google Scholar
• Herold, D. K., & Marolt, P. (Eds.). (2011). Online society in China. Creating, celebrating, and instrumentalising the online carnival. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hung, C.-f. (2010). The politics of China's Wei-Quan movement in the internet age. International Journal of China Studies, 1(2), 331–349.
   Google Scholar
• Javeline, D. (2003). The role of blame in collective action: Evidence from Russia. American Political Science Review, 97(1), 107–121. doi: 10.1017/S0003055403000558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, M. (forthcoming, 2013). Chinese internet events. Wang luo shi jian. In A. Esarey & R. Kluver (Eds.), Internet in China: Online business, information, distribution, and social connectivity. New York, NY: Berkshire.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, I. (2012, October 5). China advances high-speed rail amid safety, corruption concerns. National Geographic Daily News. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/10/121005-china-high-speed-rail-trains-transportation-world/
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, T. (2010). Environmentalism and NIMBYism in China: Promoting a rules-based approach to public participation. Environmental Politics, 19(3), 430–448. doi: 10.1080/09644011003690914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juris, J. S. (2012). Reflections on #Occupy everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation. American Ethnologist, 39(2), 259–279. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1425.2012.01362.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2011). The early bird catches the news: Nine things you should know about micro-blogging. Business Horizon, 54(2), 105–113. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2010.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, G., Pan, J., & Roberts, M. E. (2013). How censorship in China allows government criticism but silences collective expression. American Political Science Review, 107(2), 326–343. doi:10.1017/S0003055413000014
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (1989). Content analysis. In E. Barnouw, G. Gerbner, W. Schramm, T. L. Worth, & L. Gross (Eds.), International encyclopedia of communications (pp. 403–407). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2011). Agreement and information in the reliability of coding (16 pp.). Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania.
   Google Scholar
• LaFraniere, S. (2011, July 31). Media blackout in China after wreck. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/world/asia/01crackdown.html
   Google Scholar
• Langman, L. (2005). From virtual public spheres to global justice. A critical theory of internetworked social movements. Sociological Theory, 23(1), 42–74. doi: 10.1111/j.0735-2751.2005.00242.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larziellière, P. (2012). Political commitment under an authoritarian regime: Professional associations and the Islamist movement as alternative arenas in Jordan. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 6(1), 11–25.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, M. (2012). Online activism by smart mobs and political change in southern China. Issues and Studies, 48(4), 1–35.
   Google Scholar
• Leibold, J. (2012). Blogging alone: China, the internet, and the democratic illusion? The Journal of Asian Studies, 70(4), 1023–1041. doi: 10.1017/S0021911811001550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L. (2013). The magnitude and resilience of trust in the center: Evidence from interviews with petitioners in Beijing and a local survey in rural China. Modern China, 39(1), 3–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. (2011). Rising voice. China Daily, published in Washington Post online, August 30. Retrieved from http://chinawatch.washingtonpost.com/2011/08/rising-voice.php
   Google Scholar
• Lombard, M., Snyder-Duch, J., & Bracken, C. C. (2004). Practical resources for assessing and reporting intercoder reliability in content analysis research projects. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.temple.edu/sct/mmc/reliability/
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Milan, S. (2011). Cloud protesting: Dissent in times of social media. Retrieved December 28, 2012, from https://citizenlab.org/2011/10/cloud-protesting-dissent-in-times-of-social-media/
   Google Scholar
• Moskalenko, S., & McCauley, C. (2009). Measuring political mobilization: The distinction between activism and radicalism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21(2), 239–260. doi: 10.1080/09546550902765508
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller, C. (1999). Claim ‘radicalization?’ The 1989 protest cycle in the GDR. Social Problems, 46(4), 528–547. doi: 10.2307/3097074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, P. (2011). Democractic deficit: Critical citizens revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien, K. J. (Ed.). (2008). Popular protest in China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien, K. J., & Li, L. (2006). Rightful resistance in rural China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Osnos, E. (2012, October 22). Boss rail. The disaster that exposed the underside of the boom. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/10/22/121022fa_fact_osnos
   Google Scholar
• Porta, D. D., & LaFree, G. (2012). Guest editorial: Processes of radicalization and de-radicalization. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 6(1), 4–10.
   Google Scholar
• RedTech Advisors. (2011). Risky business: Sina Weibo intensifies censorship of tragic train crash. Research note. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/sinocismblog/redtech-advisors-on-sina-weibo-regulatory-risk-and-censorship
   Google Scholar
• Rheingold, H. (2004). Smart mobs. The power of the mobile many. In H. McCarthy, P. Miller, & P. Skidmore (Eds.), Network logic. Who governs in an interconnected world? (pp. 191–202). London: Demos.
   Google Scholar
• Sam, C. (2010). Sina Weibo and Twitter: Comparing data and conversation structures. The Rice Cooker. Retrieved from http://jmsc.hku.hk/blogs/ricecooker/2010/12/02/sina-weibo-and-twitter-comparing-data-and-conversation-structures/
   Google Scholar
• Schucher, G., & Bondes, M. (forthcoming, 2014). China's dream of high-speed growth gets rear-ended: The ‘Wenzhou 723’ microblogging incident and the erosion of public confidence. In P. Marolt & D. Herold (Eds.), Online China: Locating society in online spaces. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sima, Y. (2011). Grassroots environmental activism and the internet: Constructing a green public sphere in China. Asian Studies Review, 35(4), 477–497. doi: 10.1080/10357823.2011.628007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J., & Xie, L. (2009). Environmental activism, social networks and the internet. The China Quarterly, 198, 422–432. doi:10.1017/S0305741009000381. doi: 10.1017/S0305741009000381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, Z., Li, X., & Mao, W. (2012). Agent-based modeling of netizen groups in Chinese internet events. SCS M&S Magazine, 39–46.
   Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. (2011). Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Teng, B. (2012). Rights defence (weiquan), microblogs (weibo), and the surrounding gaze (weiguan). The rights defence movement online and offline. China Perspectives, 2012/3, 29–41.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, Y., & Lei, S. (2013). War of position and microblogging in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 32(80), 292–311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, S. S., & Hong, J. (2010). Discourse behind the forbidden realm: Internet surveillance and its implications on China's blogosphere. Telematics and Informatics, 27(1), 67–78. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2009.03.004
   Google Scholar
• Wines, M., & LaFraniere, S. (2011, July 28). In baring facts of train crash, blogs Erode China censorship. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/world/asia/29china.html
   Google Scholar
• Xinhua. (2011, July 24). Xinhua insight: Microblogs reveal the healing power of ‘We-Media’ in wake of deadly high-speed train crash in East China, Xinhua. Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2011-07/24/c_131006431.htm
   Google Scholar
• Yan, Y. (2010). The Chinese path to individualization. The British Journal of Sociology, 61(3), 489–512. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01323.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G. (2009). The power of the internet in China. Citizen activism online. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yi, Y. (2011, August 12). China's micro-blog revolution. The Diplomat. Retrieved from http://the-diplomat.com
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G. (2008). The rise of internet activists in China. East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, J. (2009). Maintaining a baseline of social stability (speech before the Beijing Lawyers Association, translated by CDT). Dongnan xinwen wang [Tr. in China Digital Times]. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2010/03/yu-jianrong-maintaining-a-baseline-of-social-stability-part-i/
   Google Scholar
• Yue, Z. (2011). Expressways of excess. Caixin Online. Retrieved from http://english.caixin.cn/2011-10-31/100319471.html
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, Y. (2008). Technological empowerment. The internet, state, and society in China. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, X. (2009). The political blogosphere in China: A content analysis of the blogs regarding the dismissal of Shanghai leader Chen Liangyu. New Media & Society, 11(6), 1003–1022. doi: 10.1177/1461444809336552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, H., Shan, X., & Hu, J. (2012). 2011 nian Zhongguo hulianwang yuqing fenxi baogao [Analysis on Internet-based public opinion in China, 2011). In R. Xin, L. Xueyi, & L. Peilin (Eds.), 2012 nian Zhongguo shehui xingshi fenxi yu yuce [Society of China. Analysis and forecast [2012]) (pp. 194–214). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.
   Google Scholar