Do rich teens get richer? Facebook use and the link between offline and online social capital among Palestinian youth in Israel

References

• Abbas, R. (2010). The virtual world of Palestinian youth in Israel: Surfing patterns, risks, prevention and protection methods. A thesis for the Master’s Degree, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (translated from Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Abbas, R., & Mesch, G. S. (2015). Cultural values and Facebook use among Palestinian youth in Israel. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 644–653. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn, J. (2012). Teenagers’ experiences with social network sites: Relationships to bridging and bonding social capital. The Information Society, 28(2), 99–109. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2011.649394
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P., & Krahmer, E. (2016). The role of social networking sites in early adolescents’ social lives. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 36(3), 348–371. doi: 10.1177/0272431614564060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassani, C. (2007). Five dimensions of social capital theory as they pertain to youth studies. Journal of Youth Studies, 10(1), 17–34. doi: 10.1080/13676260701196087
   Google Scholar
• Baym, N. K. (2010). Personal connections in the digital age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beilmann, M., Mayer, B., Kasearu, K., & Realo, A. (2014). The relationship between adolescents’ social capital and individualism-collectivism in Estonia, Germany, and Russia. Child Indicators Research, 7(3), 589–611. doi: 10.1007/s12187-014-9232-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, S. J., & Krueger, B. S. (2006). Online interactions and social capital distinguishing between new and existing ties. Social Science Computer Review, 24(4), 395–410. doi: 10.1177/0894439306286855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohn, A., Buchta, C., Hornik, K., & Mair, P. (2014). Making friends and communicating on Facebook: Implications for the access to social capital. Social Networks, 37, 29–41. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2013.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• boyd, d. (2010). Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Z. Papacharissi (Eds.), A networked self (39–58). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, J. A., Sanders-Jackson, A., & Smallwood, A. M. K. (2006). IMing, text messaging, and adolescent social networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 577–592. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00028.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, M., Kraut, R., & Marlow, C. (2011). Social capital on Facebook: Differentiating uses and users. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 571–580. ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well-being. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 1909–1912. ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, T. S., & Hsiao, W. H. (2014). Time spent on social networking sites: Understanding user behavior and social capital. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 31(1), 102–114. doi: 10.1002/sres.2169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120. doi: 10.1086/228943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873–892. doi: 10.1177/1461444810385389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison, N. B., & Vitak, J. (2015). Social network site affordances and their relationship to social capital processes. The Handbook of the Psychology of Communication Technology, 32, 205–228.
   Google Scholar
• Ellison, N. B., Vitak, J., Gray, R., & Lampe, C. (2014). Cultivating social resources on social network sites: Facebook relationship maintenance behaviors and their role in social capital processes. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 19(4), 855–870. doi: 10.1111/jcc4.12078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englund, M. M., I-Chun Kuo, S., Puig, J., & Collins, W. A. (2011). Early roots of adult competence: The significance of close relationships from infancy to early adulthood. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 35, 490–496. doi: 10.1177/0165025411422994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, E. F., Juvonen, J., & Gable, S. L. (2002). Internet use and well-being in adolescence. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 75–90. doi: 10.1111/1540-4560.00249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui, M., & Argentin, G. (2011). Digital skills of internet natives: Different forms of digital literacy in a random sample of northern Italian high school students. New Media & Society, 13(6), 963–980. doi: 10.1177/1461444810389751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haferkamp, N., Eimler, S. C., Papadakis, A. M., & Kruck, J. V. (2012). Men are from Mars, women are from Venus? Examining gender differences in self-presentation on social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 91–98. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 276–297. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na(t)ives? Variation in internet skills and uses among members of the ‘net generation’. Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92–113. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofer, M., & Aubert, V. (2013). Perceived bridging and bonding social capital on Twitter: Differentiating between followers and followees. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2134–2142. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huysman, M., & Wulf, V. (2004). Social capital and information technology: Current debates and research. In Social capital and information technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kao, G. (2004). Social capital and its relevance to minority and immigrant populations. Sociology of Education, 77, 172–175. doi: 10.1177/003804070407700204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, S., Gagné, M., Yang, L., & Shapka, J. (2016). Exploring the relationship between adolescents’ self-concept and their offline and online social worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 940–945. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesler, S., Kraut, R., Cummings, J., Boneva, B., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet evolution and social impact. IT & Society, 1(1), 120–134.
   Google Scholar
• Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2001). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 49–74. doi: 10.1111/1540-4560.00248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E., Kim, Y. J., & Ahn, J. (2014). How do people use Facebook features to manage social capital? Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 440–445. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. Y., Park, S., Na, E. Y., & Kim, E. (2016). A comparative study on the relationship between social networking site use and social capital. Journal of Youth Studies, doi:10.1080/13676261.2016.1145637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22(1), 28–51.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, D., & Brown, B. B. (2014). Self-disclosure on social networking sites, positive feedback, and social capital among Chinese college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 213–219. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: Children, young people and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 9(4), 671–696. doi: 10.1177/1461444807080335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., & Murru, M. F. (2014). Social networking among European children: New findings on privacy, identity and connection. Hermes, 59, 89–98. [in French].
   Google Scholar
• McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. (1998). Coming out in the age of the internet: Identity “demarginalization” through virtual group participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 681–694. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesch, G., & Talmud, I. (2010). Wired youth: Social relationships in the information age. Routledge: Psychology Press. 170 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Mesch, G. S. (2012). Minority status and the Use of computer-mediated communication a test of the social diversification hypothesis. Communication Research, 39(3), 317–337. doi: 10.1177/0093650211398865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micheli, M. (2016). Social networking sites and low-income teenagers: Between opportunity and inequality. Information, Communication & Society, 19(5), 565–581. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1139614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumark, Y., Lopez-Quintero, C., Feldman, B. S., Hirsch Allen, A. J., & Shtarkshall, R. (2013). Online health information seeking among Jewish and Arab adolescents in Israel: Results from a national school survey. Journal of Health Communication, 18(9), 1097–1115. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2013.778360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pénard, T., & Poussing, N. (2005). Internet use and social capital: The strength of virtual ties. SSRN Electronic Journal, 44, 569–595.
   Google Scholar
• Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. (2006). Adolescents’ internet use: Testing the “disappearing digital divide” versus the “emerging digital differentiation” approach. Poetics, 34(4–5), 293–305. doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettit, G. S., Erath, S. A., Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (2011). Dimensions of social capital and life adjustment in the transition to early adulthood. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 35, 482–489. doi: 10.1177/0165025411422995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poley, M. E. M., & Luo, S. (2012). Social compensation or rich-get-richer? The role of social competence in college students’ use of the Internet to find a partner. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 414–419. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, A. (2000). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. In LESSER, Eric L. Knowledge and social capital (pp. 43–67). Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (1993). The prosperous community: Social capital and public life. The American Prospect, (13), 35–42.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Raacke, J., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008). Myspace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking sites. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(2), 169–174. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0056
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaefer-McDaniel, N. J. (2004). Conceptualizing social capital among young people: Toward a new theory. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(1), 140–150.
   Google Scholar
• Smock, A. D., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., & Wohn, D. Y. (2011). Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2322–2329. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistical abstract of Israel. (2011). Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434–445. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 420–433. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Social consequences of the internet for adolescents a decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(1), 1–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01595.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Emmerik, I. H. (2006). Gender differences in the creation of different types of social capital: A multilevel study. Social Networks, 28, 24–37. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2005.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitak, J., & Ellison, N. (2013). “There’s a network out there you might as well tap’: Exploring the benefits of and barriers to exchanging informational and support-based resources on Facebook. New Media & Society, 15, 243–259. doi: 10.1177/1461444812451566
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436–455. doi: 10.1177/00027640121957286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. (2006). On and off the ’Net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 11(2), 593–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00029.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, W. (2014). Social network site use, mobile personal talk and social capital among teenagers. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 228–235. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoder, C., & Stutzman, F. (2011). Identifying social capital in the Facebook interface. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 585–588). ACM.
   Google Scholar