Algorithms as regulatory objects

References

• Aktas, D. D. (2013). Spoofing. Review of Banking & Financial Law, 33, 89–98.
   Google Scholar
• Amoore, L. (2020). Cloud ethics: Algorithms and the attributes of ourselves and others. Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Amoore, L., & Piotukh, V. (Eds.). (2016). Algorithmic life: Calculative devices in the age of big data. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Arrieta, A. B., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., Garcia, S., Gil-Lopez, S., Molina, D., Benjamins, R., Chatila, R., & Herrera, F. (2020). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Information Fusion, 58, 82–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2019.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banakar, R. (2009). Law through sociology’s looking glass: Conflict and competition in sociological studies of law. In A. Denis & D. Kalekin-Fishman (Eds.), The ISA handbook in contemporary sociology (pp. 58–73). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Beaussier, A. L., Demeritt, D., Griffiths, A., & Rothstein, H. (2016). Accounting for failure: Risk-based regulation and the problems of ensuring healthcare quality in the NHS. Health, Risk and Society, 18(3-4), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2016.1192585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BGBl I 2013/1. Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2013, part I, no. 23.
   Google Scholar
• Black, D. (2010). The behavior of law. Emerald Group.
   Google Scholar
• Black, J. (2002). Regulatory conversations. Journal of Law and Society, 29(1), 163–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6478.00215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bröckling, U., Krasmann, S., & Lemke, T. (Eds.). (2012). Governmentality. Currents issues and future Challenges. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Burrell, J. (2016). How the machine ‘thinks’: Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms. Big Data and Society, 3(1), 205395171562251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715622512
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callon, M. (2007). What does it mean to say that economics is performative? In D. MacKenzie, F. Muniesa, & L. Siu (Eds.), Do economists make markets? On the performativity of economics (pp. 311–357). Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carstensen, T., Schachtner, C., Schelhowe, H., & Beer, R. (Eds.). (2014). Digitale Subjekte: Praktiken der Subjektivierung im Medienumbruch der Gegenwart. transcript.
   Google Scholar
• Coombs, N. (2016). What is an algorithm? Financial regulation in the era of high-frequency trading. Economy and Society, 45(2), 278–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2016.1213977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croll, A. (2016, November 16). How to regulate an algorithm. Pandemonio. https://medium.com/pandemonio/how-to-regulate-an-algorithm-c2e70048da3
   Google Scholar
• Davies, J. (2019, May 22). ‘We’ve only just started’: 1 year into GDPR, ad industry braces for more fines. Digiday. https://digiday.com/media/weve-just-started-1-year-gdpr-ad-industry-braces-fines
   Google Scholar
• Diakopoulos, N. (2014, December 3). Algorithmic accountability reporting: On the investigation of black boxes. Tow Center for Digital Journalism. https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/algorithmic_accountability_on_the_investigation_of_black_boxes.php
   Google Scholar
• Durkheim, É. (1969). The division of labor in society. MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). (2014). Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II). 2004/39/EC.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, E. (2014). Chemicals as regulatory objects. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, 23(2), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12081
   Google Scholar
• Forbrukerrådet. (2018). Deceived by design. How tech companies use dark patterns to discourage us from exercising our rights to privacy. https://fil.forbrukerradet.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/2018-06-27-deceived-by-design-final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (2018). A Magna Carta for the digital age. New Perspectives Quarterly, 35(3), 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/npqu.12151
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, T. (2014). The relevance of algorithms. In T. Gillespie, P. J. Boczkowski, & K. A. Foot (Eds.), Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality, and society (pp. 167–193). The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gomolka, J. (2011). Algorithmic trading: Analyse von computergesteuerten Prozessen im Wertpapierhandel unter Verwendung der Multifaktorenregression. Universitätsverlag Potsdam.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, B., & Flaxman, S. (2017). European Union regulations on algorithmic decision-making and a ‘right to explanation’. AI Magazine, 38(3), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v38i3.2741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Google. (2019). How Google anonymizes data. Google Privacy & Terms. https://policies.google.com/technologies/anonymization?hl=en
   Google Scholar
• Hart, H. L. A. (2012). The concept of law. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayles, N. K. (1999). How we became posthuman: Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. Chicago University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Energie, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung. (2014, September 22). Guidelines to the adherence to the requirement of the labelling of trading algorithms. https://wirtschaft.hessen.de/sites/default/files/media/hmwvl/guidelines_to_the_adherence_to_the_requirement_of_the_labelling_of_trading_algorithms_14-09-22.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Holzinger, A., Kieseberg, P., Weippl, E., & Tjoa, A. (2018). Current advances, trends and challenges of machine learning and knowledge extraction: From machine learning to explainable AI. In A. Holzinger, P. Kieseberg, A. M. Tjoa, & E. Weippl (Eds.), Machine learning and knowledge extraction (Vol. 11015, pp. 1–8). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Introna, L. D. (2011). The enframing of code: Agency, originality and the plagiarist. Theory, Culture & Society, 28(6), 113–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276411418131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S. (2006). The idiom of co-production. In S. Jasanoff (Ed.), States of knowledge: The co-production of science and social order (pp. 1–12). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Knorr Cetina, K. (2013). Theorizing numbers [Paper presentation]. American Sociological Association annual meeting. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Kuner, C., Cate, F. H., Millard, C., & Svantesson, D. J. B. (2012). The challenge of ‘big data’ for data protection. International Data Privacy Law, 2(2), 47–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ips003
   Google Scholar
• Lange, A. C., Lenglet, M., & Seyfert, R. (2019). On studying algorithms ethnographically: Making sense of objects of ignorance. Organization, 26(4), 598–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418808230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Harvest Wheatsheaf.
   Google Scholar
• Lauer, D. (2014, May 8). The intent of the algo is really immaterial here. All the matters is what happened in the order book. [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/dlauer/status/464458351024562176
   Google Scholar
• Lenglet, M. (2011). Conflicting codes and codings: How algorithmic trading is reshaping financial regulation. Theory, Culture & Society, 28(6), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276411417444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenglet, M. (2019). Algorithmic finance, its regulation, and Deleuzean jurisprudence: A few remarks on a necessary paradigm shift. Topoi: An International Review of Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-019-09653-6
   Google Scholar
• Lenglet, M., & Taupin, B. (2018). How to undo things with words? On counter-performative effects in the financial industry. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 14257. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2018.14257abstract
   Google Scholar
• Lidskog, R., Uggla, Y., & Soneryd, L. (2011). Making transboundary risks governable: Reducing complexity, constructing spatial identity and ascribing capabilities. AMBIO, 40(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0123-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisboa, P. J. (2013). Interpretability in machine learning – principles and practice. In F. Masulli, G. Pasi, & R. Yager (Eds.), Fuzzy logic and applications (pp. 15–21). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann, N. (2008). Law as a social system. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D. (2006). Is economics performative? Option theory and the construction of derivatives markets. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 28(1), 29–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10427710500509722
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D. (2018). Material signals: A historical sociology of high-frequency trading. American Journal of Sociology, 123(6), 1635–1683. https://doi.org/10.1086/697318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D. (2019). How algorithms interact: Goffman’s ‘interaction order’ in automated trading. Theory, Culture & Society, 36(2), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276419829541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D., & Millo, Y. (2003). Constructing a market, performing theory: The historical sociology of a financial derivatives exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 109(1), 107–145. https://doi.org/10.1086/374404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malgieri, G. (2019). Automated decision-making in the EU Member States: The right to explanation and other “suitable safeguards” in the national legislations. Computer Law & Security Review, 35(5), 105327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malgieri, G., & Niklas, J. (2020). Vulnerable data subjects. Computer Law & Security Review, 37, 105415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2020.105415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markham, J. W. (2015). Law enforcement and the history of financial market manipulation. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Marmor, A. (2007). Law in the age of pluralism. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• May, J. P. (2007). Regulatory regimes and accountability. Regulation and Governance, 1(1), 8–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2007.00002.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016). The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716679679
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, B., & Yeung, K. (2007). An introduction to law and regulation. Text and materials. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, J. W. (2015). Curation by code: Infomediaries and the data mining of taste. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 18(4-5), 446–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549415577387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muniesa, F. (2014). The provoked economy: Economic reality and the performative turn. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ogus, A. (2004). Regulation. Legal form and economic theory. Hart.
   Google Scholar
• Orbach, B. (2012). What is regulation? 30 Yale Journal on Regulation Online 1, Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No. 12–27. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2143385
   Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, T. (2013). Open data and algorithmic regulation. In B. Goldstein & L. Dyson (Eds.), Beyond transparency: Open data and the future of civic innovation (pp. 289–300). Code for America Press.
   Google Scholar
• Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32016R0679
   Google Scholar
• Pasquale, F. (2015). The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roberge, J., & Seyfert, R. (2016). What are algorithmic cultures? In R. Seyfert & J. Roberge (Eds.), Algorithmic cultures. Essays on meaning, performance and new technologies (pp. 1–25). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scherer, M. (2015). Regulating artificial intelligence systems: Risks, challenges, competencies, and strategies. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 29(2), 353–400. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2609777
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, D. C. (2018). Google data collection. Digital Content Next. https://digitalcontentnext.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/DCN-Google-Data-Collection-Paper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schweitzer, D. (2017). Die digitale person: Die Anrufung des Subjekts im „recht auf Vergessenwerden“. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 42(3), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-017-0273-7
   Google Scholar
• Seaver, N. (2014). Knowing algorithms [Paper presentation]. Media in Transition 8. Cambridge. http://nickseaver.net/papers/seaverMiT8.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Seyfert, R. (2016). Bugs, predations or manipulations? Incompatible epistemic regimes of high-frequency trading. Economy and Society, 45(2), 251–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2016.1213978
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbrück, P. (2012, September 25). Vertrauen zurückgewinnen: Ein neuer Anlauf zur Bändigung der Finanzmärkte [Working paper]. http://www.spdfraktion.de/system/files/documents/konzept_aufsicht_und_regulierung_finanzmaerkte.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Steiner, P. (2017). Economy as matching. Hal. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01494492v2
   Google Scholar
• Totaro, P, & Ninno, D. (2020). The Concept of Algorithm as an Interpretative Key of Modern Rationality. Theory, Culture & Society , 31, 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413510051
   Google Scholar
• Wachter, S., & Mittelstadt, B. (2019). A right to reasonable inferences. Columbia Business Law Review, 2, 494–620. https://doi.org/10.7916/cblr.v2019i2.3424
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, B., & Fain, N. (2018). Regulatory influences on innovation in the public sector: The role of regulatory regimes. Public Management Review, 20(8), 1205–1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1350282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology (Vol. 2). University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yeung, K. (2018). Algorithmic regulation: A critical interrogation. Regulation & Governance, 12(4), 505–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar