3,743
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Maintenance or change? Examining the reinforcing spiral between social media news use and populist attitudes

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, &
Pages 1934-1951 | Received 31 Jul 2020, Accepted 11 Mar 2021, Published online: 08 Apr 2021

References

  • Akkerman, A., Mudde, C., & Zaslove, A. (2014). How populist are the people? Measuring populist attitudes in voters. Comparative Political Studies, 47(9), 1324–1353. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013512600
  • Bail, C. A., Argyle, L. P., Brown, T. W., Bumpus, J. P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M. F., Lee, J., Mann, M., Merhout, F., & Volfovsky, A. (2018). Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9216–9221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804840115
  • Bainter, S. A., & Howard, A. L. (2016). Comparing within-person effects from multivariate longitudinal models. Developmental Psychology, 52(12), 1955–1968. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000215
  • Barber, M., Mccarty, N., Mansbridge, J., & Martin, C. J. (2015). Causes and consequences of polarization. In J. Mansbridge & C. J. Martin (Eds.), Political negotiation: A handbook (pp. 39–43). Brookings Institution Press.
  • BBC. (2019). Germany steps up monitoring of far-right AfD party. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46882968
  • Bergh, J. (2004). Protest voting in Austria, Denmark, and Norway. Scandinavian Political Studies, 27(4), 367–389. http://doi.org/10.1111/scps.2004.27.issue-4
  • Bornschier, S. (2017). The elite is up to something: Exploring the relation between populism and belief in conspiracy theories. Swiss Political Science Review, 23(4), 423–443. http://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.2017.23.issue-4
  • Brady, W. J., Wills, J. A., Jost, J. T., Tucker, J. A., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2017). Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(28), 7313–7318. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618923114
  • Burnstein, E., & Vinokur, A. (1977). Persuasive argumentation and social comparison as determinants of attitude polarization. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(4), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90002-6
  • Castanho Silva, B., Vegetti, F., & Littvay, L. (2017). The elite is up to something: Exploring the relation between populism and belief in conspiracy theories. Swiss Political Science Review, 23(4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12270
  • Connolley, K., & Le Blond, J. (2018). Der Spiegel takes the blame for scandal of reporter who faked stories. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/23/anti-america-bias-der-spiegel-scandal-relotius
  • Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2006). Attitudes and persuasion. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 345–374. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190034
  • Curran, P. J., Howard, A. L., Bainter, S. A., Lane, S. T., & McGinley, J. S. (2014). The separation of between-person and within-person components of individual change over time: A latent curve model with structured residuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(5), 879–894. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035297
  • Dahlgren, P. M. (2019). A critical review of filter bubbles: overstated, oversold, and overused. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Deshpandé, R., & Stayman, D. M. (1994). A tale of two cities: Distinctiveness theory and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379403100105
  • Dijksterhuis, A., Chartrand, T. L., & Aarts, H. (2007). Effects of priming and perception on social behavior and goal pursuit. In J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Frontiers of social psychology. Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental processes (pp. 51–131). Psychology Press.
  • dpa. (2018). AfD-Bundestagsabgeordneter ween Hooligan-Attacke verurteilt [AfD representative in the national parliament convicted of hooligan attack]: https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/panorama/kriminalitaet/id_84958860/afd-bundestagsabgeordneter-wegen-hooligan-attacke-verurteilt.html
  • DW. (2018). German AfD leader Alice Weidel under fire for 'illegal' Swiss campaign donations. https://www.dw.com/en/german-afd-leader-alice-weidel-under-fire-for-illegal-swiss-campaign-donations/a-46254418
  • Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2018). National populism: The revolt against liberal democarcy. Penguin Random House.
  • Elchardus, M., & Spruyt, B. (2016). Populism, persistent republicanism and declinism: An empirical analysis of populism as a thin ideology. Government and Opposition, 51(1), 111–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.27
  • Engesser, S., Ernst, N., Esser, F., & Büchel, F. (2017a). Populism and social media: How politicians spread a fragmented ideology. Information, Communication & Society, 20(8), 1109–1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1207697
  • Engesser, S., Fawzi, N., & Larsson, A. O. (2017b). Populist online communication: Introduction to the special issue. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1279–1292. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328525
  • Ernst, N., Blassnig, S., Engesser, S., Büchel, F., & Esser, F. (2019). Populists prefer social media over talk shows: An analysis of populist messages and stylistic elements across six countries. Social Media+ Society, 5(1), 205630511882335, https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118823358
  • Ernst, N., Engesser, S., Büchel, F., Blassnig, S., & Esser, F. (2017). Extreme parties and populism: An analysis of Facebook and Twitter across six countries. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1347–1364. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1329333
  • Fawzi, N. (2019). Untrustworthy news and the media as “enemy of the people?” How a populist worldview shapes recipients’ attitudes toward the media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(2), 146–164. http://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218811981
  • Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 298–320. http://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw006
  • Forehand, M. R., & Deshpandé, R. (2001). What we see makes us who we are: Priming ethnic self-awareness and advertising response. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(3), 336–348. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.3.336.18871
  • Forehand, M. R., Deshpandé, R., & Reed IIA. (2002). Identity salience and the influence of differential activation of the social self-schema on advertising response. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1086–1099. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1086
  • Groshek, J., & Koc-Michalska, K. (2017). Helping populism win? Social media use, filter bubbles, and support for populist presidential candidates in the 2016 US election campaign. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1389–1407. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1329334
  • Hameleers, M. (2020). Populist disinformation: Exploring intersections between online populism and disinformation in the US and the Netherlands. Politics and Governance, 8(1), 146–157. http://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i1.2478
  • Hameleers, M., & Schmuck, D. (2017). It’s us against them: A comparative experiment on the effects of populist messages communicated via social media. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1425–1444. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328523
  • Isenberg, D. J. (1986). Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(6), 1141–1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141
  • Jagers, J., & Walgrave, S. (2007). Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium. European Journal of Political Research, 46(3), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x
  • Kalmoe, N. P., & Mason, L. (2019, January). Lethal mass partisanship: Prevalence, correlates, & electoral contingencies. National Capital Area Political Science Association American Politics Meeting.
  • Krämer, B. (2017). Populist online practices: The function of the Internet in right-wing populism. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1293–1309. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328520
  • Krämer, B. (2014). Media populism: A conceptual clarification and some theses on its effects. Communication Theory, 24(1), 42–60. http://doi.org/10.1111/comt.2014.24.issue-1
  • Littler, M., & Feldman, M. (2017). Social media and the cordon sanitaire: Populist politics, the online space, and a relationship that just isn’t there. Journal of Language and Politics, 16(4), 510–522. https://doi.org/10.1075/jilp.17029.lit
  • Mazzoleni, G. (2008). Populism and the media. In D. Albertazzi & D. McDonnell (Eds.), Twenty-first century populism (pp. 49–64). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Moeller, J., Shehata, A., & Kruikemeier, S. (2018). Internet use and political interest: Growth curves, reinforcing spirals, and causal effects during adolescence. Journal of Communication, 68(6), 1052–1078. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy062
  • Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541–563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
  • Müller, P., & Schulz, A. (2019). Facebook or fakebook? How users’ perceptions of ‘fake news’ are related to their evaluation and verification of news on Facebook. SCM Studies in Communication and Media, 8(4), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.5771/2192-4007-2019-4-547
  • Neuner, F. G., & Wratil, C. (2020). The populist marketplace: Unpacking the role of “thin” and “thick” ideology. Political Behavior, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-020-09629-y
  • Oliver, J. E., & Rahn, W. M. (2016). Rise of the trumpenvolk: Populism in the 2016 election. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 667(1), 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716216662639
  • Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. Penguin UK.
  • Reuters Institute. (2017). Digital News Report. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/filesDigital20News20Report20201720web_0.pdf
  • Rico, G., Guinjoan, M., & Anduiza, E. (2017). The emotional underpinnings of populism: How anger and fear affect populist attitudes. Swiss Political Science Review, 23(4), 444–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12261
  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling and more. Version 0.5–12 (BETA). Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://users.ugent.be/∼yrosseel/lavaan/lavaanIntroduction.pdf https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
  • Schemer, C. (2012). Reinforcing spirals of negative affects and selective attention to advertising in a political campaign. Communication Research, 39(3), 413–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211427141
  • Schneider. (2018). Woran es bei “Aufstehen” hakt [The limitations of “Aufstehen”]. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/sahra-wagenknecht-aufstehen-linke- bewegung-1.4229131
  • Schulz, A. (2019). Where populist citizens get the news: An investigation of news audience polarization along populist attitudes in 11 countries. Communication Monographs, 86(1), 88–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1508876
  • Schulz, A., Müller, P., Schemer, C., Wirz, D. S., Wettstein, M., & Wirth, W. (2018). Measuring populist attitudes on three dimensions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 30(2), 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edw037
  • Schulz, A., Wirth, W., & Müller, P. (2020). We are the people and you are fake news: A social identity approach to populist citizens’ false consensus and hostile media perceptions. Communication Research, 47(2), 201–226. http://doi.org/10.1177/0093650218794854
  • Schumann, S., Boer, D., Hanke, K., & Liu, J. (2019). Social media use and support for populist radical right parties: Assessing exposure and selection effects in a two-wave panel study. Information, Communication & Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1668455
  • Slater, M. D. (2007). Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity. Communication Theory, 17(3), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00296.x
  • Slater, M. D. (2015). Reinforcing spirals model: Conceptualizing the relationship between media content exposure and the development and maintenance of attitudes. Media Psychology, 18(3), 370–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2014.897236
  • Slater, M. D. (2017). Reinforcing spirals model. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0118
  • Stier, S., Kirkizh, N., Froio, C., & Schroeder, R. (2020). Populist attitudes and selective exposure to online news: A cross-country analysis combining web tracking and surveys. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25, 426–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220907018
  • Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 556–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2018). # Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.
  • Thomas, F., Shehata, A., Otto, L. P., Möller, J., & Prestele, E. (2021). How to capture reciprocal communication dynamics: Comparing longitudinal statistical approaches in order to analyze within- and between-person effects. Journal of Communication. http://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab003
  • Vehrkamp, R., & Wratil, C. (2017). Die Stunde der Populisten? - Populistische Einstellungen bei Wä hlern und Nichtwä hlern vor der Bundestagswahl 2017 [Populist attitudes of voters and non-voters in the 2017 national election]. Bertelsmann Stiftung.
  • Zuiderveen Borgesius, F., Trilling, D., Möller, J., Bodó, B., De Vreese, C. H., & Helberger, N. (2016). Should we worry about filter bubbles? Internet Policy Review. Journal on Internet Regulation, 5(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2758126