References
- Alexander, J. C. (2007). The meanings of social life: A cultural sociology. Oxford University Press.
- Barak, A. (2005). Sexual harassment on the internet. Social Science Computer Review, 23(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439304271540
- Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2, 361–362.
- Bernstein, A. (2014). Abuse and harassment diminish free speech. Pace Law Review, 35(1), 1–29.
- Callon, M., & Rabeharisoa, V. (2008). The growing engagement of emergent concerned groups in political and economic life: Lessons from the French Association of neuromuscular disease patients. Science, Technology & Human Values, 33(2), 230–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243907311264
- Camic, C., Gross, N., & Lamont, M. (Eds.). (2011). Social knowledge in the making. University of Chicago Press.
- Citron, D. K. (2014). Hate crimes in cyberspace. Harvard University Press.
- Citron, D. K. (2015). Addressing cyber harassment: An overview of hate crimes in cyberspace. Journal of Law, Technology, & the Internet, 6, 1–11.
- Clark-Parsons, R. (2018). Building a digital girl army: The cultivation of feminist safe spaces online. New Media & Society, 20(6), 2125–2144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731919
- Collins, P. H. (1999). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Crawford, K., & Gillespie, T. (2016). What is a flag for? Social media reporting tools and the vocabulary of complaint. New Media & Society, 18(3), 410–428. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814543163
- Cullen, P., Vaughan, G., Li, Z., Price, J., Yu, D., & Sullivan, E. (2019). Counting dead women in Australia: An in-depth case review of femicide. Journal of Family Violence, 34(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-018-9963-6
- Daniels, J. (2009). Cyber racism: White supremacy online and the new attack on civil rights. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Daniels, J., Gregory, K., & Cottom, T. M. (2017). Digital sociologies. Policy Press.
- Douglas, M. (2002). Purity and danger: An analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo. Routledge.
- Epstein, S. (1995). The construction of lay expertise: AIDS activism and the forging of credibility in the reform of clinical trials. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 20(4), 408–437. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399502000402
- FF. (2016, August). 10 ways to be a feminist media activist. Feminist Frequency. https://femfreq2.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/ff-media-activist2.pdf
- Filipovic, J. (2007). Blogging while female: How internet misogyny parallels real-world harassment. Yale Journal of Law & Feminism, 19, 295–303.
- Finn, J. (2004). A survey of online harassment at a university campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(4), 468–483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260503262083
- Fraser, N. (2014). Transnationalizing the public sphere (K. Nash, Ed.). Polity.
- Freese, J., & Peterson, D. (2018). The emergence of statistical objectivity: Changing ideas of epistemic vice and virtue in science. Sociological Theory, 36(3), 289–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275118794987
- Ghadery, F. (2019). #Metoo—Has the ‘sisterhood’ finally become global or just another product of neoliberal feminism? Transnational Legal Theory, 10(2), 252–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/20414005.2019.1630169
- Han, X. (2018). Searching for an online space for feminism? The Chinese feminist group gender watch women’s voice and its changing approaches to online misogyny. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 734–749. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447430
- Henry, N., & Powell, A. (2015). Embodied harms: Gender, shame, and technology-facilitated sexual violence. Violence Against Women, 21(6), 758–779. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801215576581
- Hotham, T. (2018, August 17). Facebook risks starting a war on knowledge. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/facebook-risks-starting-a-war-on-knowledge-101646
- Jane, E. A. (2014a). ‘Back to the kitchen, cunt’: Speaking the unspeakable about online misogyny. Continuum, 28(4), 558–570. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2014.924479
- Jane, E. A. (2014b). “Your a ugly, whorish, slut”: Understanding e-bile. Feminist Media Studies, 14(4), 531–546. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2012.741073
- Jane, E. A. (2015). Flaming? What flaming? The pitfalls and potentials of researching online hostility. Ethics and Information Technology, 17(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-015-9362-0
- Jeong, E., & Lee, J. (2018). We take the red pill, We confront the DickTrix: Online feminist activism and the augmentation of gendered realities in South Korea. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 705–717. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447354
- Jones, L. M., Mitchell, K. J., & Finkelhor, D. (2013). Online harassment in context: Trends from three Youth Internet Safety Surveys (2000, 2005, 2010). Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030309
- Jouet, J. (2018). Digital feminism: Questioning the renewal of activism. Journal of Research in Gender Studies, 8(1), 133–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22381/JRGS8120187
- Keith, S., & Martin, M. E. (2005). Cyber-bullying: Creating a culture of respect in a cyber world. Reclaiming Children and Youth: The Journal of Strength-Based Interventions, 13(4), 224–228.
- Keller, J., Mendes, K., & Ringrose, J. (2018). Speaking ‘unspeakable things’: Documenting digital feminist responses to rape culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2016.1211511
- Kim, J. (2017). #IAmAFeminist as the “mother Tag”: feminist identification and activism against misogyny on Twitter in South Korea. Feminist Media Studies, 17(5), 804–820. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1283343
- Knorr-Cetina, K. (1999). Epistemic cultures: How the sciences make knowledge. Harvard University Press.
- Koulouris, T. (2018). Online misogyny and the alternative right: Debating the undebatable. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 750–761. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447428
- Lamont, M. (2012). Toward a comparative sociology of valuation and evaluation. Annual Review of Sociology, 38(1), 201–221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120022
- Latour, B., & Woolgar, S. (1986). Laboratory life: The construction of scientific facts. Princeton University Press.
- Lewis, R., Rowe, M., & Wiper, C. (2017). Online abuse of feminists as An emerging form of violence against women and girls. The British Journal of Criminology, 57(6), 1462–1481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azw073
- McLean, J., Maalsen, S., & Prebble, S. (2019). A feminist perspective on digital geographies: Activism, affect and emotion, and gendered human-technology relations in Australia. Gender, Place & Culture, 26(5), 740–761. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2018.1555146
- Megarry, J. (2014). Online incivility or sexual harassment? Conceptualising women’s experiences in the digital age. Women’s Studies International Forum, 47, 46–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2014.07.012
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J., & Keller, J. (2018). #MeToo and the promise and pitfalls of challenging rape culture through digital feminist activism. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 236–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506818765318
- Panofsky, A. (2011). Generating sociability to drive science: Patient advocacy organizations and genetics research. Social Studies of Science, 41(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312710385852
- Poland, B. (2016). Haters: Harassment, abuse, and violence online. University of Nebraska Press.
- Post, R. C. (1991). Racist speech, democracy, and the first amendment. Faculty Scholarship Series, 208.
- Quinn, Z. (2017). Crash override: how gamergate (nearly) destroyed My life, and how we can win the fight against online hate (1st ed.). Public Affairs.
- Rabeharisoa, V., & Callon, M. (2002). The involvement of patients’ associations in research. International Social Science Journal, 54(171), 57–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00359
- Rabeharisoa, V., Moreira, T., & Akrich, M. (2014). Evidence-based activism: Patients’, users’ and activists’ groups in knowledge society. BioSocieties, 9(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2014.2
- Rieder, B. (2013). Studying Facebook via data extraction: The Netvizz application. Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Web Science Conference, 346–355.
- Schreier, M. (2014). Qualitative content analysis. In U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 170–183). SAGE Publications Ltd.
- Scott, J., & Carrington, P. (2014). The sage handbook of social network analysis. Sage.
- Shaw, F. (2013). Still “Searching for safety online”: collective strategies and discursive resistance to trolling and harassment in a feminist network. The Fibreculture Journal, 22, 93–108.
- Sills, S., Pickens, C., Beach, K., Jones, L., Calder-Dawe, O., Benton-Greig, P., & Gavey, N. (2016). Rape culture and social media: Young critics and a feminist counterpublic. Feminist Media Studies, 16(6), 935–951. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2015.1137962
- Sobieraj, S. (2017). Bitch, slut, skank, cunt: Patterned resistance to women’s visibility in digital publics. Information, Communication & Society, 21(11), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1348535
- Trott, V. (2020). Networked feminism: Counterpublics and the intersectional issues of #MeToo. Feminist Media Studies, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2020.1718176
- Trottier, D. (2020). Denunciation and doxing: Towards a conceptual model of digital vigilantism. Global Crime, 21(3–4), 196–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1591952
- van Doorn, N. (2011). Digital spaces, material traces: How matter comes to matter in online performances of gender, sexuality, and embodiment. Media, Culture & Society, 33(4), 531–547. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443711398692
- Vitis, L., & Gilmour, F. (2017). Dick pics on blast: A woman’s resistance to online sexual harassment using humour, Art, and instagram. Crime, Media, Culture, 13(3), 335–355. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659016652445
- Wajcman, J. (2007). From women and technology to gendered technoscience. Information, Communication & Society, 10(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180701409770
- Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press.
- Weaver, S. (2013). A rhetorical discourse analysis of online anti-muslim and anti-semitic jokes. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(3), 483–499. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.734386