References
- AfD-Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag. [@AfDimBundestag]. (2018, November 8). https://twitter.com/AfDimBundestag/status/1060474317757145088
- Arzheimer, K., & Berning, C. C. (2019). How the alternative for Germany (AfD) and their voters veered to the radical right, 2013–2017. Electoral Studies, 60, 102040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.04.004
- Baecker, D. (2018). 4.0 oder Die Lücke die der Rechner lässt. Merve Verlag.
- Bennett, W. L., & Pfetsch, B. (2018). Rethinking political communication in a time of disrupted public spheres. Journal of Communication, 68(2), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx017
- Bennett, W. L., Segerberg, A., & Knüpfer, C. B. (2018). The democratic interface: Technology, political organization, and diverging patterns of electoral representation. Information, Communication & Society, 21(11), 1655–1680. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1348533
- Bennett, W. L., Segerberg, A., & Walker, S. (2014). Organization in the crowd: Peer production in large-scale networked protests. Information, Communication & Society, 17(2), 232–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.870379
- Bennett, W. L., Segerberg, A., & Yang, Y. (2018). The strength of peripheral networks: Negotiating attention and meaning in complex media ecologies. Journal of Communication, 68(4), 659–684. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy032
- Berntzen, L.E., & Weisskircher, M. (2018). Remaining on the streets: Anti-islamic PEGIDA mobilization and its relationship to far-right party politics. In M. Caiani & O. Císař (Eds.), Radical right movement parties in Europe (pp. 114–130). Routledge.
- BfV Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz. (2020). Verfassungsschutzbericht 2020. https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/publikationen/themen/sicherheit/vsb-2020-gesamt.pdf?__blob = publicationFile&v = 6
- Bimber, B., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2020). The unedited public sphere. New Media & Society, 22(4), 700–715. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893980
- Borbáth, E., & Hutter, S. (2021). Protesting parties in Europe: A comparative analysis. Party Politics, 27(5), 896–908. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820908023
- Bruns, A. (2005). Gatewatching: Collaborative online news production (Vol. 26). Peter Lang.
- Caiani, M., & Císař, O. (eds.). (2018). Radical right movement parties in Europe. Routledge.
- Cerulus, L., & Schaart, E. (2019, January, 3). How the UN migration pact got trolled. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/united-nations-migration-pact-how-got-trolled/
- Chadwick, A. (2017). The hybrid media system: Politics and power (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Conrad, M. (2021). Post-truth politics, digital media, and the politicization of the global compact for migration. Politics and Governance, 9(3), 301–311. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.3985
- Correctiv. (2020). Kein Filter für Rechts. Wie die rechte Szene Instagram benutzt, um junge Menschen zu rekrutieren. https://correctiv.org/top-stories/2020/10/14/kein-filter-fuer-rechts-instagram-rechtsextremismus-afd-ib-verbindungen/
- Davis, C. A., Varol, O., Ferrara, E., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2016, April). Botornot: A system to evaluate social bots. Proceedings of the 25th international conference companion on world wide web (pp. 273–274). https://doi.org/10.1145/2872518.2889302
- Fuchs, M., & Holnburger, J. (2019). #ep2019 - Die digitalen Parteistrategien zur Europawahl 2019. Hamburg. https://www.fes.de/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=41827&token=6e1bf3bcf42bf4162ba5cc452ba460d703945e30
- González-Bailón, S., & Wang, N. (2016). Networked discontent: The anatomy of protest campaigns in social media. Social Networks, 44, 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2015.07.003
- Guhl, J., & Davey, J. (2020). A safe space to hate: White supremacists mobilisation on Telegram. Institute for Strategic Dialogue. https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/A-Safe-Space-to-Hate2.pdf
- Guhl, J., Ebner, J., & Rau, J. (2020). The online ecosystem of the German far-right. Institute for Strategic Dialogue. https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/the-online-ecosystem-of-the-german-far-right/
- Guo, L., & McCombs, M. (Eds.). (2016). The power of information networks: New directions for agenda setting. Routledge.
- Heft, A., Mayerhöffer, E., Reinhardt, S., & Knüpfer, C. (2020). Beyond Breitbart: Comparing right-wing digital news infrastructures in six Western democracies. Policy & Internet, 12(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.219
- Heinze, A. S., & Weisskircher, M. (2021). No strong leaders needed? AfD party organisation between collective leadership, internal democracy, and “movement-party” strategy. Politics and Governance, 9(4), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i4.4530
- Jacomy, M., Venturini, T., Heymann, S., & Bastian, M. (2014). Forceatlas2, a continuous graph layout algorithm for handy network visualization designed for the Gephi software. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e98679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098679
- Karpf, D. (2016). Analytic activism: Digital listening and the new political strategy. Oxford University Press.
- Keller, T., & Klinger, U. (2020). The needle in the haystack: Finding social bots on twitter. In E. Hargittai (Ed.), Research exposed. How empirical social Science gets done in the Digital Age (pp. 30–49). Columbia University Press.
- Klein, A. (2012). Slipping racism into the mainstream: A theory of information laundering. Communication Theory, 22(4), 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01415.x
- Klinger, U., & Svensson, J. (2015). The emergence of network media logic in political communication: A theoretical approach. New Media & Society, 17(8), 1241–1257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814522952
- Klinger, U., & Svensson, J. (2018). The end of media logics? On algorithms and agency. New Media & Society, 20(12), 4653–4670. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818779750
- Knüpfer, C. B., Hoffmann, M., & Voskresenskii, V. (2020). Hijacking MeToo: Transnational dynamics and networked frame contestation on the far right in the case of the ‘120 decibels’ campaign. Information, Communication & Society, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1822904
- Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. Broadway Books.
- Martini, F. (2020). Wer ist #MeToo? Eine netzwerkanalytische Untersuchung (anti-)feministischen Protests auf Twitter. M&K Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 68(3), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.5771/1615-634X-2020-3-255
- Meraz, S., & Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked gatekeeping and networked framing on #Egypt. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(2), 138–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161212474472
- Montgomery, J. (2018a). Hungarian Prime Minister: UN Migration Compact ‘Looks Like It Was Copied from the Soros Plan’ for Mass Migration. Breitbart. https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/02/06/orban-un-migration-compact-copied-soros-plan-mass-migration/
- Montgomery, J. (2018b). New United Nations boss unveils plan to promote global mass migration. Breitbart. https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/01/12/new-united-nations-boss-plan-promote-global-mass-migration/
- Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
- Mudde, C. (2019). The far right today. Polity.
- Nguyen, T. (2020, July 12). Trump isn’t secretly winking at QAnon. He’s retweeting its followers. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/12/trump-tweeting-qanon-followers-357238
- Papakyriakopoulos, O., Shahrezaye, M., Serrano, J. C. M., & Hegelich, S. (2019, April). Distorting political communication: The effect of hyperactive users in online social networks. IEEE INFOCOM 2019-IEEE conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) (pp. 157–164). IEEE. https://www.hfp.tum.de/fileadmin/w00bwi/politicaldatascience/Infocom_Hyperactive_users_personal_copy.pdf
- Pfetsch, B. (2018). Dissonant and disconnected public spheres as challenge for political communication research. Javnost-The Public, 25(1-2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1423942
- Pirro, A. L. (2019). Ballots and barricades enhanced: Far-right ‘movement parties’ and movement electoral interactions. Nations and Nationalism, 25(3), 782–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12483
- Reuters Digital News Report. (2020). Germany. https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/germany-2020
- Rone, J. (2020). Far right alternative news media as ‘indignation mobilization mechanisms’: How the far right opposed the global compact for migration. Information, Communication & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1864001
- Ross, B., Pilz, L., Cabrera, B., Brachten, F., Neubaum, G., & Stieglitz, S. (2019). Are social bots a real threat? An agent-based model of the spiral of silence to analyse the impact of manipulative actors in social networks. European Journal of Information Systems, 28(4), 394–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2018.1560920
- Shaw, A., & Hill, B. M. (2014). Laboratories of oligarchy? How the iron law extends to peer production. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 215–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12082
- Stein, T. (2018, December 3). Wie ein AfD-Abgeordneter versuchte, die Dienstreise einer Linken zu verhindern. Watson. https://www.watson.de/deutschland/best%20of%20watson%202018/914068538-wie-ein-afd-abgeordneter-versuchte-die-dienstreise-einer-linken-zu-verhindern
- Sternberg, J. (2019, January 4). Eine gezielte Kampagne der AfD. Frankfurter Rundschau. https://www.fr.de/politik/eine-gezielte-kampagne-10966012.html
- Stier, S., Posch, L., Bleier, A., & Strohmaier, M. (2017). When populists become popular: Comparing Facebook use by the right-wing movement pegida and German political parties. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1365–1388. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328519
- Süddeutsche Zeitung. (2018, November 19). Meuthen begrüßt CDU-Debatte über UN-Migrationspakt. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/migration-magdeburg-meuthen-begruesst-cdu-debatte-ueber-un-migrationspakt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-181118-99-863736
- Townsend, M. (2020, June 21). The Iconoclast unmasked: The man behind far-right YouTube channel. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/21/the-iconoclast-unmasked-the-man-behind-far-right-youtube-channel
- Welt. [@welt]. (2018, November 30). https://twitter.com/welt/status/1068478733214986240?s = 20
- Zadrozny, B., & Collins, B. (2018, August 14). How three conspiracy theorists took ‘Q’ and sparked Qanon. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-qanon-n900531