Information-precarity for refugee women in Hamburg, Germany, during the COVID-19 pandemic

References

• Abu-Shanab, E., & Al-Jamal, N. (2015). Exploring the gender digital divide in Jordan. Gender, Technology and Development, 19(1), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971852414563201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbuJarour, S. A., Krasnova, H., Diaz Andrade, A., Olbrich, S., Tan, C. W., Urquhart, C., & Wiesche, M. (2017). Empowering refugees with technology: Best practices and research agenda. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems.
   Google Scholar
• AbuJarour, S. A., Wiesche, M., Díaz Andrade, A., Fedorowicz, J., Krasnova, H., Olbrich, S., Tan, C., Urquhart, C., & Venkatesh, V. (2019). ICT-enabled Refugee Integration: A research agenda. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 44, 874–891. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Rababah, B. A., & Abu-Shanab, E. A. (2010). E-government and gender digital divide: The case of Jordan. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 8(1), 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Alam, K., & Imran, S. (2015). The digital divide and social inclusion among refugee migrants. Information Technology & People.
   Google Scholar
• Alencar, A., Kondova, K., & Ribbens, W. (2019). The smartphone as a lifeline: An exploration of refugees’ use of mobile communication technologies during their flight. Media, Culture & Society, 41(6), 828–844. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718813486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade, A. D., & Doolin, B. (2016). Information and communication technology and the social inclusion of refugees. Mis Quarterly, 40(2), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2016/40.2.06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baban, F., Ilcan, S., & Rygiel, K. (2017). Syrian refugees in Turkey: Pathways to precarity, differential inclusion, and negotiated citizenship rights. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1192996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banki, S. (2013). Precarity of place: A complement to the growing precariat literature. Global Discourse, 3(3-4), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2014.881139
   Google Scholar
• Berg, M. (2021). Women refugees’ media usage: Overcoming information precarity in Germany. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 20(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2021.1907642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betts, A., Bloom, L., & Weaver, N. (2015). Refugee Innovation: Humanitarian Innovation that Starts with Communities: [report]. Refugee Studies Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Blank, G., & Groselj, D. (2014). Dimensions of Internet use: Amount, variety, and types. Information, Communication & Society 17(4), 417–435.
   Google Scholar
• Bock, J. G., Haque, Z., & McMahon, K. A. (2020). Displaced and dismayed: How ICTs are helping refugees and migrants, and how we can do better. Information Technology for Development 26(4): 670–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.1727827
   Google Scholar
• Borkert, M., Fisher, K. E., & Yafi, E. (2018). The best, the worst, and the hardest to find: How people, mobiles, and social media connect migrants in (to) Europe. Social Media+ Society, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118764428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BPB. (2021). Demographics of asylum seekers in Germany. https://www.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration/flucht/zahlen-zu-asyl/265710/demografie
   Google Scholar
• BR24. (2021). Refugees cautious about corona vaccination. BR24. https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/corona-impfung-fluechtlinge-in-bayern-eher-zurueckhaltend,SYnuWhu
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (2006). Precarious life: The powers of mourning and violence. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (2016). Frames of war: When is life grievable? Verso Books.
   Google Scholar
• Caidi, N., & Allard, D. (2005). Social inclusion of newcomers to Canada: An information problem? Library & Information Science Research, 27(3), 302–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2005.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caidi, N., Allard, D., & Quirke, L. (2010). Information practices of immigrants. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 44(1), 491–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2010.1440440118
   Google Scholar
• Calabrese, A., & Burgelman, J.-C. (1999). Communication, citizenship, and social policy: Rethinking the limits of the welfare state. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Charmarkeh, H. (2013). Social media usage, tahriib (migration), and settlement among Somali refugees in France. Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 29(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.37505
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, J., & Macdonald, S. J. (2013). The limits of technology: Social class, occupation and digital inclusion in the city of Sunderland, England. Information, Communication & Society, 16(6), 945–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.748817
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Couldry, N. (2003). Digital divide or discursive design? On the emerging ethics of information space. Ethics and information technology, 5(2), 89–97.
   Google Scholar
• Couldry, N. (2007). Communicative entitlements and democracy: The future of the digital divide debate. In The Oxford handbook of information and communication technologies.
   Google Scholar
• Couldry, N., & Mejias, U. A. (2021). The decolonial turn in data and technology research: What is at stake and where is it heading? Information, Communication & Society, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2021.1986102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuban, S. (2018). A stratified analysis of the ICT-based communicative practices and networks of migrant women. Migration and Development, 7(1), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2016.1217614
   Google Scholar
• Díaz Andrade, A., & Doolin, B. (2019). Temporal enactment of resettled refugees’ ICT-mediated information practices. Information Systems Journal, 29(1), 145–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichmann, H. (2000). Media lifestyles between the information elite and the entertainment proletariat: knowledge inequalities through the use of print media,television, computers and the internet. Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Emmer, M., Kunst, M., & Richter, C. (2020). Information seeking and communication during forced migration: An empirical analysis of refugees’ digital media use and its effects on their perceptions of Germany as their target country. Global Media and Communication, 16(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766520921905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmer, M., Richter, C., & Kunst, M. (2016). Flight 2.0: Media use by refugees before, during and after their flight. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/16182
   Google Scholar
• Ettlinger, N. (2007). Precarity unbound. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 32(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540703200303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EuropeanComission. (2020). Corona:The virus is a great danger in German refugee accommodations. https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/corona-das-virus-also-grosse-gefahr-in-deutschen-fluchtlingsunterkunften?lang = en
   Google Scholar
• Fujii, M. S., Hüttmann, J., Kutscher, N., & Friedrichs-Liesenkötter, H. (2020). Participation?! Educational challenges for young refugees in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Media Education, 11(2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.36253/me-9605
   Google Scholar
• Gargallo-Castel, A., Esteban-Salvador, L., & Pérez-Sanz, J. (2010). Impact of gender in adopting and using ICTs in Spain. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 5(3), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242010000300009
   Google Scholar
• Gifford, S. M., & Wilding, R. (2013). Digital escapes? ICTs, settlement and belonging among Karen youth in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 26(4), 558–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fet020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, M., Osseiran, S., & Cheesman, M. (2018). Syrian refugees and the digital passage to Europe: Smartphone infrastructures and affordances. Social Media+ Society, 4(1), 1–12. 2056305118764440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadagno, L. (2020). Migrants and the COVID-19 pandemic: An initial analysis. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mrs-60.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Haight, M., Quan-Haase, A., & Corbett, B. A. (2014). Revisiting the digital divide in Canada: The impact of demographic factors on access to the internet, level of online activity, and social networking site usage. Information, Communication & Society, 17(4), 503–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.891633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halilovich, H. (2013). Bosnian Austrians: Accidental migrants in trans-local and cyber spaces. Journal of Refugee Studies, 26(4), 524–540. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fet002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargittai, E., & Shaw, A. (2015). Mind the skills gap: The role of internet know-how and gender in differentiated contributions to Wikipedia. Information, Communication & Society, 18(4), 424–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.957711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harney, N. (2013). Precarity, affect and problem solving with mobile phones by asylum seekers, refugees and migrants in Naples, Italy. Journal of Refugee Studies, 26(4), 541–557. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fet017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, M. (2017). Spatializing inequalities: The situation of women in refugee centres in Germany. Gender, Violence, Refugees, 37, 102–126. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04h31.10
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, S., & Daniel, B.-J. (2020). During a pandemic, the digital divide, racism and social class collide: The implications of COVID-19 for black students in high schools. Child & Youth Services, 41(3), 253–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2020.1834956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselbach, C. (2020). Five years on: How Germany's refugee policy has fared. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/five-years-on-how-germanys-refugee-policy-has-fared/a-54660166
   Google Scholar
• Helsper, E. (2011). The emergence of a digital underclass: digital policies in the UK and evidence for inclusion. LSE Media Policy Brief 3. London: Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science.
   Google Scholar
• Jauhiainen, J. S., Özçürümez, S., & Tursun, Ö. (2021). Internet and social media uses, digital divides, and digitally mediated transnationalism in forced migration: Syrians in Turkey. Global Networks, 22(2), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jirón, P., & Imilan, W. A. (2015). Embodying flexibility: Experiencing labour flexibility through urban daily mobility in Santiago de Chile. Mobilities, 10(1), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.848583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, B., & Brown, P. (2007). Migration and work in the United Kingdom: Mobility and the social order. Mobilities, 2(2), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100701387414
   Google Scholar
• Kalkum, D., Aalders, S., Gundacker, L., & Brücker, H. (2019). Refugee women and families. Literature overview on gender and family-related aspects of refugee migration and integartion. Berliner Institut für empirische Integrations-und Migrationsforschung. Humboldt University.
   Google Scholar
• Kennan, M. A., Lloyd, A., Qayyum, A., & Thompson, K. (2011). Settling in: The relationship between information and social inclusion. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 42(3), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2011.10722232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhlemeier, H., & Hemker, B. (2007). The impact of computer use at home on students’ Internet skills. Computers & Education, 49(2), 460–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2005.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutscher, N., Hüttmann, J., Fujii, M. S., Engfer, N. P., & Friedrichs-Liesenkötter, H. (2022). Educational participation of young refugees in the context of digitized settings. Information, Communication & Society, 25(4): 570–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.2021268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutscher, N., & Kreß, L.-M. (2016). “Internet is the same like food”–An empirical study on the use of digital media by unaccompanied minor refugees in Germany. Transnational Social Review, 6(1-2), 200–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1184819
   Google Scholar
• Kutscher, N., & Kreß, L.-M. (2018). The ambivalent potentials of social media use by unaccompanied minor refugees. Social Media+ Society, 4, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118764438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamani, P., & Honakeri, P. (2012). Problems and prospect of women empowerment in India. Indian Streams Research Journal, 2(7), 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Leung, L. (2010). Telecommunications across borders: Refugees’ technology use during displacement. Telecommunications Journal of Australia, 60(4), 58.1–58.13. https://doi.org/10.2104/tja10058
   Google Scholar
• Leurs, K., & Ponzanesi, S. (2007). Intersectionality, digital identities, and migrant youths: Moroccan Dutch youths as digital space invaders. In C. Carter, L. Steiner, & McLaughlin (Eds.), The Routledge companion to media & gender (pp. 632–642). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Leurs, K., & Smets, K. (2018). Five questions for digital migration studies: Learning from digital connectivity and forced migration in (to) Europe. Social Media+ Society, 3, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118764425
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, H., Dwyer, P., Hodkinson, S., & Waite, L. (2015). Hyper-precarious lives: Migrants, work and forced labour in the global north. Progress in Human Geography, 39(5), 580–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132514548303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebig, T. (2018). Triple Disadvantaged? A first overview of the integration of female refugess. OECD Publishing. https://www.g-mit-niedersachsen.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/fluechtlingsfrauenstudie.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, A. (2014). Building information resilience: How do resettling refugees connect with health information in regional landscapes–implications for health literacy. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 45(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2014.884916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, A., Kennan, M. A., Thompson, K. M., & Qayyum, A. (2013). Connecting with new information landscapes: Information literacy practices of refugees. Journal of Documentation, 69(1), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220411311295351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loader, B. D., & Keeble, L. (2004). Challenging the digital divide? A literature review of community informatics initiatives. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, B., Weigelt, O., Hergert, J., Gurt, J., & Gelléri, P. (2017). The use of snowball sampling for multi source organizational research: Some cause for concern. Personnel Psychology, 70(3), 635–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan, E., MacQueen, K. M., & Neidig, J. L. (2003). Beyond the qualitative interview: Data preparation and transcription. Field Methods, 15(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X02239573
   Google Scholar
• Meehan, K., & Stauss, K. (2015). Precarious worlds: Contested geographies of social reproduction. University of Georgia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Metcalf, A., Blanchard, M., McCarthy, T., & Burns, J. (2008). Bridging the digital divide: Utilising technology to promote social connectedness and civic engagement amongst marginalised young people. 3CMedia: Journal of Community, Citizen's & Third Sector Media & Communication(4).
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, P. U. (2021). Only every fourth refugee accommodation in Hamburg hasnWIFI. Hamburger Abendblatt. [German]. https://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/article229073117/hamburg-fluechtlingsunterkuenfte-wlan-corona-fernunterricht-schule.html
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, B. (2010). New literacies in the classroom: Digital capital, student identity, and third space. International Journal of Technology, Knowledge & Society, 6(2), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.18848/1832-3669/CGP/v06i02/56094
   Google Scholar
• NDR. (2020). Rahlstedt: Corona outbreak in refugee accommodation. NDR. [German] https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/hamburg/coronavirus/Rahlstedt-Corona-Ausbruch-in-Fluechtlingsunterkunft,corona4978.html
   Google Scholar
• NDR. (2021). Videos are intended to convince refugees of corona vaccination. NDR. https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/lueneburg_heide_unterelbe/Videos-sollen-Gefluechtete-von-Corona-Impfung-ueberzeugen,corona8104.html
   Google Scholar
• Papaioannou, T. (2014). How inclusive can innovation and development be in the twenty-first century? Innovation and Development 4(2): 187–202.
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, D. (2016). The two endings of the precarious movement. In A. Bove, E. Armano, and A. Murgia (Eds.), Mapping precariousness, labour insecurity and uncertain livelihoods: Subjectivities and resistance (pp. 17–35). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Park, S. (2017). The state of digital inequalities: Interplay between social and digital exclusion. In Digital capital (pp. 35–62). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Pauli, R. (2021). Vaccination skepticism among refugees. Taz. https://taz.de/Impfskepsis-bei-Gefluechteten/!5777988/
   Google Scholar
• Ponzanesi, S., & Leurs, K. (2014). On digital crossings in Europe. Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture, 5(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1386/cjmc.5.1.3_1
   Google Scholar
• Rabe, H. (2015). Effective protection against gender-also in refugee accommodation. (Policy Paper, 32). Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte. https://www.institut-fuer-menschenrechte.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Policy_Paper/Policy_Paper_32_Effektiver_Schutz_vor_geschlechtsspezifischer_Gewalt.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ragnedda, M. (2017). The third digital divide: A Weberian approach to digital inequalities. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ragnedda, M., & Ruiu, M. L. (2020). Digital capital: A Bourdieusian perspective on the digital divide. Emerald Group Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Reisdorf, B. C., & Groselj, D. (2017). Internet (non-) use types and motivational access: Implications for digital inequalities research. New Media & Society, 19(8), 1157–1176. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815621539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RNB. (2020). Study: Risk of infection in refuge accommodation as high as on a cruise ship. https://www.rnd.de/gesundheit/corona-im-fluchtlingsheim-laut-studie-infektionsrisiko-so-hoch-wie-auf-kreuzfahrtschiff-MJU73R7TXCMWJHFLKRXA5JBITM.html
   Google Scholar
• Sagmeister, J. (2021). Corona in collective accommodation. https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/panorama/corona-impfung-gefluechtete-100.html
   Google Scholar
• Schram, S. F. (2013). Occupy precarity. Theory & Event, 16(1), 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Standing, G. (2011). The precariat: The new dangerous class. Bloomsbury Academic. THE UNMAKING OF ARAB SOCIALISM, 300.
   Google Scholar
• Şenses, N. (2017). Rethinking migration in the context of precarity: The case of Turkey. In Politics of precarity (pp. 99–117). Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai, M.-J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2010). Junior high school students’ internet usage and self-efficacy: A re-examination of the gender gap. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1182–1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsatsou, P. (2011). Digital divides revisited: What is new about divides and their research? Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsatsou, P. (2021). Vulnerable people’s digital inclusion: Intersectionality patterns and associated lessons. Information, Communication & Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2021.1873402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuyisenge, G., & Goldenberg, S. M. (2021). COVID-19, structural racism, and migrant health in Canada. The Lancet, 397(10275), 650–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00215-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UniCeF. (2021). What we know about the gender digital divide for girls: A literature review.
   Google Scholar
• Van Deursen, A. J., & Helsper, E. J. (2015). The third-level digital divide: Who benefits most from being online? In L. Robinson, S. R. Cotten, J. Schulz, T. M. Hale, & A. Williams (Eds.), Communication and information technologies annual (pp. 29–52). Bingley, London: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2014). The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media & Society, 16(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, J. A. (2005). The deepening divide: Inequality in the information society. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Veronis, L., Tabler, Z., & Ahmed, R. (2018). Syrian refugee youth use social media: Building transcultural spaces and connections for resettlement in Ottawa, Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 50(2), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2018.0016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, R., Koh, L., Wollersheim, D., & Liamputtong, P. (2015). Social connectedness and mobile phone use among refugee women in Australia. Health & Social Care in the Community, 23(3), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall, M., Campbell, M. O., & Janbek, D. (2019). Refugees, information precarity, and social inclusion: The precarious communication practices of Syrians fleeing War. In J. Retis & R. Tsagarousianou (Eds.), The handbook of diasporas, media, and culture (pp. 503–514). Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Wall, M., Otis Campbell, M., & Janbek, D. (2017). Syrian refugees and information precarity. New Media & Society, 19(2), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815591967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wei, L., & Zhang, M. (2006). The third digital divide: The knowledge gap on the Internet. Journalism and Communication, 13(4), 43–53.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., & Baláž, V. (2012). Migration, risk, and uncertainty: Theoretical perspectives. Population, Space and Place, 18(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.663
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte, S. (2010). Gulf State branch campuses: Global student recruitment. International Higher Education(58).
   Google Scholar
• Witteborn, S. (2015). Becoming (im) perceptible: Forced migrants and virtual practice. Journal of Refugee Studies, 28(3), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feu036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witteborn, S. (2018). The digital force in forced migration: Imagined affordances and gendered practices. Popular Communication, 16(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2017.1412442
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wresch, W. (1996). Disconnected: Haves and have-nots in the information age. Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar