References

• Akin, B. A. (2011). Predictors of foster care exits to permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 999–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.01.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belotti, V. (2014). Bambine e bambini temporaneamente fuori dalla famiglia di origine. Affidamenti familiari e collocamenti in comunità al 31 dicembre 2010 [Children out-of-home. Foster family and residential placements at 31.12.2010]. Firenze: Istituto degli Innocenti.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, T. C. (2010). Factors associated with reunification: A longitudinal analysis of long-term foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 1311–1316. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.04.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comelli, I., & Iafrate, R. (2012). L’affido familiare: una rassegna ragionata delle pubblicazioni nazionali [The foster care: A review and understanding of the national publications]. Rassegna bibliografica infanzia e adolescenza, 3, 5–34.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, C. M., Katz, K. H., Saunders, L., & Tebes, J. K. (2006). Leaving foster care – The influence of child and case characteristics on foster care exit rates. Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 780–798. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2005.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney, M. E. (1995). Reentry to foster care of children returned to their families. Social Service Review, 69, 226–241. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30012850. doi: 10.1086/604115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney, M. E., Piliavin, I., Grogan-Kaylor, A., & Nesmith, A. (2001). Foster youth transitions to adulthood: A longitudinal view of youth leaving care. Child Welfare – New York, 80, 685–718. Retrieved from http://www.thenightministry.org/070_facts_figures/030_research_links/060_homeless_youth/courtneyfosteryouthtransitions.pdf.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney, M. E., & Wong, Y. L. I. (1996). Comparing the timing of exits from substitute care. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 307–334. doi: 10.1016/0190-7409(96)00008-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer, E. (1996). Family reunification with high risk children: Lessons from research. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 403–424. doi: 10.1016/0190-7409(96)00012-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer, E. (2014). Improving reunification practice: Pathways home, progress and outcomes for children returning from care to their parents. British Journal of Social Work, 44, 348–366. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcs093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer, E., & Wijedasa, D. (2013). The reunification of looked after children with their parents: What contributes to return stability? British Journal of Social Work, 43, 1611–1629. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcs066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger, T. (1996). Going home and returning to foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 383–402. doi: 10.1016/0190-7409(96)00011-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folgheraiter, F. (2007). La logica sociale dell'aiuto. Fondamenti per una teoria relazionale del welfare [The social logic of aid. Foundations for a relational theory of welfare]. Trento: Edizioni Erickson.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, J., Kendrick, A., & Poso, T. (2007). Marginaalissa? Skotlannin ja Suomen lasten laitoshuollon vertailua [On the margin? Residential child care in Scotland and Finland]. European Journal of Social Work, 10, 337–352. doi: 10.1080/13691450701356614
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, M. W., Walton, E., Lewis, R. E., Pecora, P. J., & Walton, W. K. (1996). An experiment in family reunification: Correlates of outcomes at one-year follow-up. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 335–361. doi: 10.1016/0190-7409(96)00009-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco, O., Comelli, I., & Iafrate, R. (2011). Tra le braccia un figlio non tuo. Operatori e famiglie nell'affidamento di neonati [In her arms a child is not yours. Professionals and families in newborns foster care]. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
   Google Scholar
• Harden, B. J. (2004). Safety and stability for foster children: A developmental perspective. The Future of Children, 31–47. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ796432.pdf.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, S., & Crowley, A. (2013). Looked-after children and their birth families: Using sociology to explore changing relationships, hidden histories and nomadic childhoods. Child & Family Social Work, 18, 57–66. doi: 10.1111/cfs.12032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtan, A. (2008). Family types and social integration in kinship foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1022–1036. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, L. (1998). The social and family correlates of successful reunification of children in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 20, 305–323. doi: 10.1016/S0190-7409(98)00009-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoo, E., & Skoog, V. (2013). The road to placement breakdown: Foster parents’ experiences of the events surrounding the unexpected ending of a child’s placement in their care. Qualitative Social Work, doi: 10.1177/1473325012474017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knorth, E. J., Harder, A. T., Zandberg, T., & Kendrick, A. J. (2008). Under one roof: A review and selective meta-analysis on the outcomes of residential child and youth care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 123–140. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsverk, J., Davis, I., Ganger, W., Newton, R., & Johnson, I. (1996). Impact of child psychosocial functioning on reunification from out-of-home placement. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 447–462. doi: 10.1016/0190-7409(96)00014-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, B. R., Hwang, J., Socha, K., Pau, T., & Shaw, T. V. (2013). Going home again: Transitioning youth to families after group care placement. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 447–459. doi: 10.1007/s10826-012-9596-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, M., & del Valle, J. F. (2013). The waiting children: Pathways (and future) of children in long-term residential care. British Journal of Social Work. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bct130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, M., del Valle, J. F., Montserrat, C., & Bravo, A. (2013). Factors associated with family reunification for children in foster care. Child & Family Social Work, 18, 226–236. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00847.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutman, E., & Farmer, E. (2012). What contributes to outcomes for neglected children who are reunified with their parents? Findings from a five-year follow-up study. British Journal of Social Work, 43, 559–578. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcr184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maluccio, A. N., Abramczyk, L. W., & Thomlison, B. (1996). Family reunification of children in out-of-home care: Research perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 287–305. doi: 10.1016/0190-7409(96)00007-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, K. A., Fisher, P. A., Fetrow, B., & Jordan, K. (2006). Trouble on the journey home: Reunifications failures in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 260–274. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2005.03.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali. (2012). Quaderni della ricerca sociale 26. Affidamenti familiari e collocamenti in comunità al 31.12.2011. Rapporto finale [Ministry of Labour and Social Policies, Notebooks of Social Research 26. Family foster care and residential placements at 31.12.2011. Final report]. Firenze: Istituto degli Innocenti.
   Google Scholar
• Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali, Ministero della Giustizia. (2014). Terza relazione sullo stato di attuazione della Legge 149/2001. Giugno 2013 [Ministry of Labour and Social Policies, Ministry of Justice, Third report on the implementation of Law 149/2001. June 2013] Retrieved from http://www.lavoro.gov.it/Strumenti/StudiStatistiche/sociale/Documents/149_2013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schofield, G., & Beek, M. (2009). Growing up in foster care: Providing a secure base through adolescence. Child & Family Social Work, 14, 255–266. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00592.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, T. V. (2006). Reentry into the foster care system after reunification. Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 1375–1390. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, T. V. (2010). Reunification from foster care: Informing measures over time. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 475–481. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.09.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terling, T. (1999). The efficacy of family reunification practices: Reentry rates and correlates of reentry for abused and neglected children reunited with their families. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 1359–1370. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00103-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoburn, J., Robinson, J., & Anderson, B. (2012). Returning children home from public care. Quaternary Science Reviews, 42, 1–14. Retrieved from http://socialwelfare.bl.uk/subject-areas/services-client-groups/children-young-people/scie/returning12.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Van Holen, F., Vanderfaeillie, J., Vanschoonlandt, F., De Maeyer, S., & Stroobants, T. (2015). Explorative study into support needs of caregivers in short-term foster care regarding problem behaviour and dealing with biological parents. European Journal of Social Work, 18, 97–113. doi: 10.1080/13691457.2014.883365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Houte, S., Bradt, L., Vandenbroeck, M., & Bouverne-De Bie, M. (2014). Parent-worker relationships in child welfare social work: A Belgian case study. European Journal of Social Work, 17, 45–57. doi: 10.1080/13691457.2012.739557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Santen, E. (2010). Predictors of exit type and length of stay in non-kinship family foster care – The German experience. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 1211–1222. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchiato, T., Wolf, K., Reimer, D., Schäfer, D., Schofield, G., & Grietens, H. (2013). Foster care in Europe: What do we know about outcomes and evidence? Padova: Fondazione Emanuela Zancan onlus.
   Google Scholar
• Wade, J., Biehal, N., Farrelly, N., & Sinclair, I. (2010). Maltreated children in the looked after system: A comparison of outcomes for those who go home and those who do not. London: Department of Education. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/maltreated-children-in-the-looked-after-system-a-comparison-of-outcomes-for-those-who-go-home-and-those-who-do-not.
   Google Scholar
• Wells, K., & Guo, S. (1999). Reunification and reentry of foster children. Children and Youth Services Review, 21, 273–294. doi: 10.1016/S0190-7409(99)00021-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yampolskaya, S., Sharrock, P., Armstrong, M. I., Strozier, A., & Swanke, J. (2014). Profile of children placed in out-of-home care: Association with permanency outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 36, 195–200. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar