References

• Adams, R. (2008). Social work and empowerment. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Alanen, L., & Mayall, B. (Eds.). (2001). Conceptualizing child–adult relations. London: Routledge/Falmer.
   Google Scholar
• Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35, 216–224. doi: 10.1080/01944366908977225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bijleveld, G. v. G., Dedding, C. W. M., & Bunders-Aelen, J. F. (2013). Children’s and young people’s participation within child welfare and child protection services: A state-of-the art review. Child & Family Social Work, 1–10. doi:10.1111/cfs.12082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLD. (2014, June 1). Guidelines for participation and a person of trust (Guidelines 2014:7). Oslo: Ministry of Children and Equality.
   Google Scholar
• Braye, S., & Preston-Shoot, M. (1995). Empowering practice in social care. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• The Child Welfare Act. (1992). [Lov av 17. juli 1992 om barneverntjenester], revisions 2003 and 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, P., & O’Brien, M. (2003). Children in the city: Home, neighbourhood and community. London: Routledge/Falmer.
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen, Ø. (2012). Hvorfor har barnevernet problemer med å se og behandle barn og unge som aktører? [Why is it problematic for the child welfare authorities to see and treat children as agents?]. Norges Barnevern, 2012(1–2), 16–29.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, A. (2010). Transforming Children’s Places: Children’s and adults’ participation in designing learning environments. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, M. (1996). Cultural psychology: A once and future discipline. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. (1991). The Idea of a home: A kind of space. Social Research, 58(1), 288–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freire, P. (1993). The pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Ghaziani, R. (2008). Children’s voices: Raised issues for school design. CoDesign, 4(4), 225–236. doi: 10.1080/15710880802536403
   Google Scholar
• Gulbrandsen, L. M., Seim, S., & Østensjø, S. (2014). Teoretiske perspektiver og begreper. I. In L. M. Gulbrandsen (Ed.), Barns deltakelse i hverdagsliv og profesjonell praksis – en utforskende tilnærming [Children’s participation in everyday life and in professional practice – an exploratory approach] (pp. 37–56). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Gulbrandsen, L. M., Seim, S., & Ulvik, O. S. (2012). Barns rett til deltakelse i barnevernet: Samspill og meningsarbeid [Children’s right to participation in child welfare, interplay and meaning-work]. Sosiologi i dag [Sociology today], 42(3–4), 54–78.
   Google Scholar
• Harden, J. (2000). There’s no place like home: The public/private distinction in children's theorizing of risk and safety. Childhood, 7(1), 43–59. doi: 10.1177/0907568200007001005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, R. A. (1992). Children’s participation: From tokenism to citizenship. Florence: UNICEF, International Child Development Center.
   Google Scholar
• Healy, K. (1998). Participation and child protection: The importance of context. British Journal of Social Work, 28(6), 897–914. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway, S. L., & Valentine, G. (2000). Children’s geographies: Playing, living, learning. London, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hyvönen, U., & Alexandersson, K. (2014). Barnen vill – vågar vi? [The children want to – do we dare?]. Stockholm: Stiftelsen Almänna barnhuset.
   Google Scholar
• James, A., Jenks, C., & Prout, A. (1998). Theorizing childhood. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• James, S. (1990). Is there a place for children in geography? Area, 22(3), 278–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Järvinen, M., & Mik-Meyer, N. (2012). At skabe en professionel. Ansvar og autonomi i velfærdsstaten [To create a professional: Responsibility and autonomy in the welfare state]. København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.
   Google Scholar
• Kemmis, S. (2008). Critical theory and participatory action research. In P. Reason & H. Bradbury (Eds.), Handbook of action research: Participative, inquiry & practice (pp. 121–138). London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, H. (1974/1991). The production of space. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Letvik, H., & Skogstrøm, L. (2014, November 11). Barnevernet stoppet volden etter seks år med overgrep: – Tusen takk for at dere reddet oss [CWS stopped the violence after six years of abuse: – Thank you so much for saving us]. Aftenposten. Retrieved from http://www.Aftenposten.no/share/article-7775967.html
   Google Scholar
• Mannion, G. (2007). Going spatial, going relational: Why ‘listening to children’ and children’s participation needs reframing. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 28(3), 405–420.
   Google Scholar
• Mannion, G., & I’Anson, J. (2004). Beyond the Disneyesque: Children’s participation, spatiality and adult-child relations. Childhood, 11(3), 303–318. doi: 10.1177/0907568204044885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwegian Board of Health Supervision. (2012). Summary of countrywide supervision in 2011 of municipal child welfare services – examination and evaluation. Oslo: Norwegian Board of Health Supervision 2/2012.
   Google Scholar
• Østerberg, D. (1998). Arkitektur og sosiologi i Oslo. En sosiomateriell fortolkning [Architecture and sociology in Oslo: A socio-material interpretation]. Oslo: Pax Forlag.
   Google Scholar
• Pösö, T. (2014). Translation as a knowledge transformation practice – the ambiguous case of presenting Finnish child welfare in English. European Journal of Social Work. doi:10.1080/13691457.2014.930815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reason, P., & Bradbury, H. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of action research: Participative, inquiry & practice. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Seim, S. (2007). Brukermedvirkning – et fremmedord for barn og ungdom i barnevernet [User-participation – a foreign word for children and young people in child welfare]. In S. Seim & T. Slettebø (Eds.), Brukermedvirkning i barnevernet [User participation in child welfare] (pp. 68–88). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Seim, S., & Slettebø, T. (Eds.). (2007). Brukermedvirkning i barnevernet [User participation in child welfare]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Seim, S., & Slettebø, T. (2011). Collective participation in child protection services: Partnership or tokenism? European Journal of Social Work, 14(4), 497–512. doi: 10.1080/13691457.2010.500477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shier, H. (2001). Pathways to participation: Openings, opportunities and obligations. Children and Society, 15, 107–117. doi: 10.1002/chi.617
   Google Scholar
• Slettebø, T. (2008). Foreldres medbestemmelse i barnevernet. En studie av foreldres erfaringer med individuell og kollektiv medvirkning [Parents’ experience of individual and collective participation in child welfare services] (PhD thesis). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim.
   Google Scholar
• Slettebø, T. (2013a). Forskningssirkler som fagutvikling [Research circles as professional development]. In E. Døhlie & A. M. Støkken (Eds.). Fagutvikling i velferdstjenester [Professional development in welfare services] (pp. 219–233). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Slettebø, T. (2013b). Partnership with parents of children in care: A study of collective user participation in child protection services. British Journal of Social Work, 43(3), 579–595. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcr188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stang, E. (2007). Det er barnet sak: Barnets rettsstilling i saker om hjelpetiltak etter barnevernslovens §4-4 [It is the child’s case: Children’s legal position in cases of in-home measures according to Child Welfare Act §4-4]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway. (2015). Stadig fleire barn med omsorgstiltak [More children taken into care]. Retrieved October 2016, from https://www.ssb.no/sosiale-forhold-og-kriminalitet/statistikker/barneverng
   Google Scholar
• Støkken, A. M., & Nyhlen, B. (2003). Et velferdsmarked i vekst. Privat barnevern i det offentlige [A growing welfare market: Private enterprises in public child welfare]. Kristiansand: Høgskoleforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Strandbu, A. (2004). Children’s participation in family group conferences as a resolution model. International Journal of Children and Family Welfare, 7(4), 207–227.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, N. (2000). Children, family and the state: Decision-making and child participation. Houndmills: Macmillan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, N. (2007). Towards a theory of children’s participation. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 15, 199–218. doi: 10.1163/092755607X206489
   Google Scholar
• Uggerhøj, L. (2012). Theorizing practice research in social work. In E. Marthinsen & I. Julkunen (Eds.), Practice research in Nordic social work (pp. 149–171). London: Whiting & Birch.
   Google Scholar
• UNCRC. (1998). Convention on the rights of the child. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 November 1989. Treaties and international agreements Registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations. United Nation’s Treaty Series, 1577. New York, NY: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Vis, S. A., Holtan, A., & Thomas, N. (2012). Obstacles for child participation in care and protection cases – why Norwegian social workers find it difficult. Child Abuse Review, 21(1), 7–23. doi: 10.1002/car.1155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vis, S. A., Strandbu, A., Holtan, A., & Thomas, N. (2011). Participation and health – a research review of child participation in planning and decision-making. Child & Family Social Work, 16, 325–335. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2010.00743.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vis, S. A., & Thomas, N. (2009). Beyond talking – children’s participation in Norwegian care and protection cases. European Journal of Social Work, 12(2), 155–168. doi: 10.1080/13691450802567465
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar