241
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Racial identity attitudes and interracial communication: Implications for social work practice in Britain

Pages 315-326 | Published online: 04 Jan 2008

References

  • Allen , T. W. 1994 . The Invention of the White Race , London : Versoi .
  • Aries , E. and Moorehead , K. 1989 . The importance of echnicicy in the development of identity of black adolescents. . Psychological Reports , 65 : 75 – 82 .
  • Atkinson , D. R. , Morten , G. and Sue , D. W. 1989 . “ A minority identity development model ” . In Counseling American Minorities: A Cross-Cultural Perspective , Edited by: Atkinson , D. R. , Morten , G. and Sue , D. W. Dubuque, la. : William C Brown .
  • Atkinson , D. R. , Morten , G. and Sue , D. W. 1993 . Counseling American Minorities: A Cross-Cullural Perspective , 4th edn , Dubuque, Ia : William C. Brown. .
  • Baldwin , J. A. 1984 . African self-consciousness and the mental health of African Americans . Journal of Black Studies , 1 : 5 – 177–194 .
  • Baldwin , J. A. 1985 . African self-consciousness: an Afrocentric questionnaire . Western Journal of Black Studies , 9 : 61 – 68 .
  • Block , C. 1980 . “ Black Americans and the cross-cultural counseling experience ” . In Cross-Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy , Edited by: Marsella , A. J. and Pedersen , P. B. New York : Perga-mon .
  • Block , C , Robertson , L. and Neuger , D. 1995 . White racial identity theory: a framework for understanding reactions toward interracial situations in organizations ywrff . of Vocational Behaviour , 46 : 71 – 88 .
  • Carter , R. 1990 . The relationship between racism and racial identity among white Americans: an exploratory investigation . Journal of Counseling and Development , 6 : 9 – 46–50 .
  • Carter , R. and Helms , J. 1990 . “ White racial identity attitudes and cultural values ” . In Black and White Racial Identity: Theory, Research and Practice , Edited by: Helms , J. New York : Greenwood Press .
  • Chung , D. K. 1992 . “ Asian cultural commonalities: a comparison with mainstream American culture ” . In Social Work Practice with Asian Americans , Edited by: Chung , D. K. , Murase , K. and Ross-Sheriff , F. Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Claney , D. and Parker , W. M. 1988 . Assessing white racial consciousness and perceived comfort with black individuals: a preliminary study . Journal of Counseling and Development , 6 : 7 – 449–451 .
  • Cross , W. 1971 . The Negro to black conversion experience: towards the psychology of black liberation . Black World , 2 : 0 – 13–27 .
  • Cross , W. 1978 . The Thomas and Cross models of psychological nigrescence: a literature review . The Journal of Black Psychology , 5 : 13 – 31 .
  • Cross , W. 1980 . “ Models of psychological nigrescence: a literature review ” . In Black Psychology , Edited by: Jones , R. L. New York : Harper and Row .
  • Cross , W. 1991 . Shades of Black Diversity in African American Identity , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
  • Cross , W. 1995 . “ The psychology of nigrescence: revising the Cross model ” . In Handbook of Multicultural Counseling , Edited by: Ponterotto , J. G. , Casas , J. M. , Suzuki , L. A. and Alexander , CM. London : Sage .
  • Cross , W. , Parham , T. and Helms , J. 1991 . “ The stages of black identity development: Nigrescence models, in Jones, R.L. ” . In Black Psychology , Los Angeles : Cobb and Henry .
  • Davis , LE. and Proctor , E. K. 1989 . Race, Gender and Class: Guidelines for Practice with Individuals, Families and Groups , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Dominelli , L. 1988 . Anti-Racist Social Work , London : Macmillan .
  • Dominelli , L. 1992 . “ An uncaring profession? an examination of racism in social work ” . In Racism and Antiracism , Edited by: Braham , P. , Rattansi , A. and Skellington , R. London : Sage .
  • Dominelli , L . 1997 . Anti-Racist Social Work, 2nd edn , London : Macmillan. .
  • Gclso , C. J. and Fretz , B. R. 1982 . Counseling Psychology , Fort Worth, Tex. : Harcourc Brace Jovanovich .
  • Gilroy , P. 1987 . There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack , London : Hutchinson .
  • Hall , W. S. , Cross , W. and Freedle , R. 1972 . Stages in the Development of a Black Identity ACT Research Report, 50 , Iowa City : Research and Development Division, American Testing Program .
  • Hardiman , R. 1982 . White identity development: a process oriented model for describing the racial consciousness of white Americans, PhD diss. , Amherst : University of Massachusetts .
  • Helms , J. 1984 . Towards a theoretical explanation of the effects of race on counseling: a black and white model . The Counseling Psychologist , 1 ( 2 ) : 153 – 165 .
  • Helms , J. 1986 . Expanding racial identity theory to cover counseling process . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 3 : 3 – 62–64 .
  • Helms , J. 1990 . Black and White Racial Identity: Theory, Research and Practice , Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press .
  • Helms , J. 1995 . “ An update of Helms's white and people of colour racial identity models ” . In Handbook of Multicultural Counseling , Edited by: Ponterotto , J. G. , Casas , J. M. , Suzuki , L. A. and Alexander , CM. London : Sage .
  • Jones , JM. 1981 . “ The concept of racism and its changing reality ” . In Impacts of Racism on White Americans , Edited by: Bowser , B. J. and Hunt , R. G. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Ladner , J. 1973 . The Death of White Sociology , New York : Vintage Books .
  • Lago , C and Thompson , J. 1996 . Race, Culture and Counselling , Buckingham : Open University Press .
  • Lee , C. . Introductory lecture to a conference on Race, Culture and Counselling . 1994 . July , University of Sheffield .
  • Lishman , J. 1994 . Communication in Social Work , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
  • Mama , A. 1995 . Beyond the Masks: Race, Gender and Subjectivity , London : Routledge .
  • Maximé , J. 1986 . “ Some psychological models of black self-concept ” . In Social Work with Children and tbtir Families , Edited by: Ahmed , S. , Cheecham , J. and Small , J. London : Batsford .
  • Maximé , J. 1993 . “ The therapeutic importance of racial identity in working with black children who hate ” . In How and Why Children Hate , Edited by: Verma , V. London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers .
  • Miles , R. 1989 . Racism , London : Routledge .
  • Modood , T. , Beishon , S. and Virdee , S. 1994 . Changing Ethnic Identities , London : Policy Studies Instirute .
  • Parham , T. 1989 . Cycles of psychological nigrescence . Tbt Counseling Psychologist , 1 : 7 – 187–226 .
  • Parham , T. and Helms , J. 1985 . Attitudes of racial identity and self-esteem in black students: an exploratory investigation . Journal of College Student Personnel , 2 : 6 – 143–147 .
  • Ponterotto , J. G. 1988 . Racial consciousness development among white counselor trainees: a stage model . Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development , 1 : 6 – 146–156 .
  • Ponterotto , J. G. and Pedersen , P. B. 1993 . Preventing Prejudice: A Cuide for Counselors and Educators , London : Sage .
  • Pope-Davis , D. B. and Ottavi , T. M. 1994 . The relationship between racism and racial identity among white Americans: a replication and extension. . Journal of Counseling and Development , 72 : 293 – 297 .
  • Ridley , CR. 1989 . “ Racism in counseling as an adversive behavioral process ” . In Counseling Across Cultures , Edited by: Pedersen , P. B. , Draguns , J. G. , Lonner , W. J. and Trimble , J. E. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press .
  • Robinson , L. 1995 . Psychology for Social Workers: Black Perspectives , London : Routledge . Robinson, L (forthcoming) Racial identity attitudes and self-esteem measures among African Caribbean children in residential care, British Journal of Social Work
  • Sabnani , H. B. , Ponterotto , J. G. and Borodovsky , L. G. 1991 . White racial identity development and cross-cultural counselor training: a stage model . The Counseling Psychologist , 1 : 9 – 76–102 .
  • Servaes , J. 1988 . Cultural identity in East and West . The Howard Journal of Communications , 1 : 58 – 71 .
  • Sue , D. W. and Sue , D. 1990 . Counselling the Culturally Different , New York : John Wiley .
  • Thomas , A. and Siilen , S. 1974 . Racism and Psychiatry , Secaucus, NJ : Gtadel Press. .
  • Thomas , K. Phillips, I- and Stephanie , B. 1998 . Redefining race in the workplace: insights from ethnic identity theory . Journal of Black Psychology , 2 : 4 – 76–92 .
  • Williams , I. J. 1975 . An investigation of the developmental stages of Black consciousness, PhD thesis, University of Cincinnati . Dissertation Abstracts International , 36 ( 5 B ) : 2488 – 2489 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.