Ultranationalist discourses of exclusion: a comparison between the Hungarian Jobbik and the Greek Golden Dawn

References

• Alba, R. 2005. “Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second-Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany, and the United States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (1): 20–49. doi:10.1080/0141987042000280003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong, J. A. 1982. Nations Before Nationalism. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Balibar, E. 1991. “Is There a ‘Neo-Racism?’.” In Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities, edited by E. Balibar and I. Wallerstein, 17–28. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, M. 1981. The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe. London: Junction Books.
   Google Scholar
• Barth, F. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organisation of Culture Difference. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Bíró-Nagy, A., T. Boros and Z. Vasali. 2013. “More Radical than the Radicals: The Jobbik Party in International Comparison.” In Right-Wing Extremism in Europe. Country Analyses, Counter-Strategies and Labor Market Oriented Exit Strategies, edited by Ralf Melzer and Sebastian Serafin, 229–253. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Blaut, J. M. 1992. “The Theory of Cultural Racism.” Antipode 24 (4): 289–299. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.1992.tb00448.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker, R. 1999. “The Manichean Myth: Rethinking the Distinction between ‘Civic’ and ‘Ethnic’ Nationalism.” In Nation and National Identity: The European Experience in Perspective, edited by H. Kriesi, K. Armingeon, H. Siegrist and A. Wimmer, 55–71. Zurich: Verlag Ruegger.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, R., M. Loveman and P. Stamatov. 2004. “Ethnicity as Cognition.” Theory and Society 33: 31–64. doi: 10.1023/B:RYSO.0000021405.18890.63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopoulos, D. 2009. “Defining the Changing Boundaries of Greek Nationality.” In Greek Diaspora and Migration since 1700: Society, Politics and Culture, edited by D. Tziovas, 111–124. Farnham, England: Ashgate Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Coenders, M., M. Lubbers and P. W. D. Scheepers. “Majorities’ Attitudes Towards Minorities in Western and Eastern European Societies: Results from the European Social Survey 2002–2003.” Report 4 for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia.
   Google Scholar
• Csepeli, G. and D. Simon. 2004. “Construction of Roma Identity in Eastern and Central Europe: Perception and Self-Identification.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30 (1): 129–150. doi:10.1080/1369183032000170204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doxiadis, A. and M. Matsaganis. 2012. “National Populism and Xenophobia in Greece.” In Populist Fantasies: European Revolts in Context, edited by Catherine Fieschi, Marley Morris and Lilla Caballero, 31–98. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint.
   Google Scholar
• Ellinas, A. A. 2013. “The Rise of Golden Dawn: The New Face of the Far Right in Greece.” South European Society and Politics 18 (4): 543–565. doi:10.1080/13608746.2013.782838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favell, A. 1998. Philosophies of Integration: Immigration and the Idea of Citizenship in France and Britain. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Feischmidt, M., ed. 2014. Nemzet a mindennapokban – Az újnacionalizmus populáris kultúrája [Everyday Nation – The Popular Culture of the New Nationalism]. Budapest: L’Harmattan.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, J. E. 2013. “The Uses of Racism: Whitewashing New Europeans in the UK.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (11): 1871–1889. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2012.692802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. 1972. Frame Analysis. New York: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Gogonas, N. 2009. “Language Shift in Second Generation Albanian Immigrants in Greece.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 30 (2): 95–110. doi: 10.1080/01434630802307908.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, R. 2000. “Interregnum or Endgame? The Radical Right in the ‘Post-fascist’ Era.” Journal of Political Ideologies 5 (2): 163–178. doi:10.1080/713682938.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A., Z. Vidra and J. Fox. 2011. Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses in Hungary. Budapest: Center for Policy Studies, Policy Research Reports, Central European University.
   Google Scholar
• Kapllani, G. and N. Mai. 2005. “Greece belongs to Greeks!: The Case of the Greek Flag in the Hands of an Albanian Student.” In The New Albanian Migration, edited by R. King, N. Mai and S. Schwanders-Sievers, 153–172. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Karácsony, G. and D. Róna. 2011. “The Secret of Jobbik. Reasons Behind the Rise of the Hungarian Radical Right.” Journal of East European and Asian Studies 2 (1): 61–92.
   Google Scholar
• Kitromilides, P. 1990. “‘Imagined Communities’ and the Origins of the National Question in the Balkans.” In Modern Greece: Nationalism and Nationality, edited by M. Blinkhorn and T. Veremis, 23–64. Athens, Greece: ELIAMEP.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, H. 1946. The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background. New York: Collier Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, H. and T. S. Pappas. 2015. “Populism in Europe during Crisis: An Introduction.” In European Populism in the Shadow of the Great Recession, edited by Hanspeter Kriesi and Takis S. Pappas, 1–22. Colchester: ECPR Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G. 2009. The Political Mind: A Cognitive Scientists Guide to Your Brain and Its Politics. New York: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Lamont, M. and V. Molnár. 2002. “The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences.” Annual Review of Sociology 28: 167–195. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazaridis, G. and E. Wickens. 1999. “‘Us’ and the ‘Others’ Ethnic Minorities in Greece.” Annals of Tourism Research 26 (3): 632–655. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00008-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, M. 2004. Fascists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meinecke, F. [1908] 1970. Cosmopolitanism and the National State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, R. and M. Brown. [1989] 2003. Racism. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. 2014. “The Far Right and the European Elections.” Current History 113 (761): 98–103. http://works.bepress.com/cas_mudde/75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOL 2015. “Vidékre már nem ér le a cukiság.” (Cuteness does not reach the villages). Népszabadság Online. Accessed January 26, 2016. http://nol.hu/belfold/nem-er-le-videkre-a-cukisag-1518485.
   Google Scholar
• Origo 2009. “‘Te nem olyan cigány vagy’ – diplomás romák Magyarországon” [You are not that kind of Gypsy – Tertiary educated Roma in Hungary] 10/06/2009. Accessed February 2, 2016. http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20091006-diplomas-cigany-diszkriminacio-interju-roma-ertelmisegiekkel.html.
   Google Scholar
• Örkény, A. 2005/2006. “Hungarian National Identity: Old and New Challenges.” International Journal of Sociology Changing Identities of Europeans (Winter, 2005/2006) 35 (4): 28–48.
   Google Scholar
• Pappas, T. S. 2014. “Populist Democracies: Post-Authoritarian Greece and Post-Communist Hungary.” Government and Opposition 49 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1017/gov.2013.21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center 2014. A Fragile Rebound for EU Image on Eve of European Parliament Elections.
   Google Scholar
• Pratsinakis, E. 2005. “Aspirations and Strategies of Albanian Immigrants in Thessaloniki.” Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 7 (2): 195–212. doi: 10.1080/14613190500133284
   Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. and T. L. Karl. 1991. “What Democracy Is … and Is Not.” Journal of Democracy 2 (3): 75–88. doi:10.1353/jod.1991.0033.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. A. 1991. National Identity. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Székelyi, M., A. Örkény and G. Csepeli. 2001. “Romakép a mai magyar társadalomban. [The Image of the Roma in Contemporary Hungarian Society].” Szociológiai Szemle 3: 17–47.
   Google Scholar
• Taguieff, P.-A. 2001. The Force of Prejudice: On Racism and Its Doubles. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Triandafyllidou, A. 2001. Immigrants and National Identity in Europe. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Triandafyllidou, A. and I. Kokkali. 2010. Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses in Greece. ACCEPT Pulralism. Overview National Discourses Background Country Reports 2010/8.
   Google Scholar
• Tsoukalas, C. 1999. “European Modernity and Greek National Identity.” Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 1 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14613199908413983.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations, DESA-Population Division and UNICEF. 2014. Migration Profiles – Common Set of Indicators. http://esa.un.org/MigGMGProfiles/indicators/files/Greece.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, T. 2000. “New(s) Racism: A Discourse Analytical Approach.” In Ethnic Minorities and the Media, edited by S. Cottle, 33–49. Buckingham, PA: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, T. 2002. “Discourse and Racism.” In A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, edited by D. T. Goldberg and J. Solomos, 145–159. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, T. and Wodak, R. 2000. Racism at the Top: Parliamentary Discourses on Ethnic Issues in Six European States. Klagenfurt: Drava Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Vasilopoulou, S. and D. Halikiopoulou. 2015. The Golden Dawn’s ‘Nationalist Solution’: Explaining the Rise of the Far Right in Greece. Reform and Transition in the Mediterranean. London: Palgrave Pivot.
   Google Scholar
• Wacquant, L. J. D. 1997. “For an Analytic of Racial Domination.” Political Power and Social Theory 11: 221–234.
   Google Scholar
• Wieviorka, M. 1995. The Arena of Racism. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Wieviorka, M. 2013. “Racism in Europe Today.” European Sociologist 35: 3–5.
   Google Scholar
• Wimmer, A. 1997. “Explaining Xenophobia and Racism: A Critical Review of Current Research Approaches.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 20 (1): 17–41. doi:10.1080/01419870.1997.9993946.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimmer, A. 2009. “Herder’s Heritage and the Boundary-Making Approach: Studying Ethnicity in Immigrant Societies.” Sociological Theory 27 (3): 244–270. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2009.01347.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. 2015. The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean. Los Angeles: Sage.
   Google Scholar