Personality traits and public support of minority rights

References

• Ackermann, K., and M. Ackermann. 2015. “The big Five in Context: Personality, Diversity and Attitudes Toward Equal Opportunities for Immigrants in Switzerland.” Swiss Political Science Review 21 (3): 396–418. doi: 10.1111/spsr.12170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackermann, M., K. Ackermann, and M. Freitag. 2019. “The Personality of Stealth Democrats: How Traits Shape Attitudes Towards Expert-Based Governments.” West European Politics 42 (3): 573–592. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2018.1530494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aichholzer, J. 2014. “Random Intercept EFA of Personality Scales.” Journal of Research in Personality 53: 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akrami, N., B. Ekehammar, and R. Bergh. 2011. “Generalized Prejudice: Common and Specific Components.” Psychological Science 22 (1): 57–59. doi: 10.1177/0956797610390384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altemeyer, B. 1981. Right-wing Authoritarianism. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, B. N., and Y. Lelkes. 2018. “Selling Ourselves Short? How Abbreviated Measures of Personality Change the Way We Think About Personality and Politics.” The Journal of Politics 80 (4): 1311–1325. doi: 10.1086/698928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, B. N., M. Rooduijn, and G. Schumacher. 2016. “The Psychological Roots of Populist Voting: Evidence From the United States, the Netherlands and Germany.” European Journal of Political Research 55 (2): 302–320. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, M., and I. Brunton-Smith. 2014. “Political and Civic Engagement and Participation: Towards an Integrative Perspective.” Journal of Civil Society 10 (1): 5–28. doi: 10.1080/17448689.2013.871911
   Google Scholar
• Beierlein, C., C. J. Kemper, A. Kovaleva, and B. Rammstedt. 2012. “PEKS – Political Efficacy Kurzskala [Manual].” In Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation, edited by ZPID. Trier: ZPID. doi: 10.23668/psycharchives.419
   Google Scholar
• Berning, C. C., and C. Ziller. 2017. “Social Trust and Radical Right-Wing Populist Party Preferences.” Acta Politica 52 (2): 198–217. doi: 10.1057/ap.2015.28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blinder, S., R. Ford, and E. Ivarsflaten. 2013. “The Better Angels of Our Nature: How the Antiprejudice Norm Affects Policy and Party Preferences in Great Britain and Germany.” American Journal of Political Science 57 (4): 841–857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brader, T., N. A. Valentino, and E. Suhay. 2008. “What Triggers Public Opposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration Threat.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (4): 959–978. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00353.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, A. L. 2012. “Policy Makes Mass Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 15: 333–351. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-012610-135202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citrin, J., M. Levy, and M. Wright. 2014. “Multicultural Policy and Political Support in European Democracies.” Comparative Political Studies 47 (11): 1531–1557. doi: 10.1177/0010414013512604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, Jr. P. T., and R. R. McCrae. 1992. “Four Ways Five Factors are Basic.” Personality and Individual Differences 13 (6): 653–665. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czymara, C. S., and A. W. Schmidt-Catran. 2017. “Refugees Unwelcome? Changes in the Public Acceptance of Immigrants and Refugees in Germany in the Course of Europe’s ‘Immigration Crisis’.” European Sociological Review 33 (6): 735–751. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcx071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinesen, P. T., R. Klemmensen, and A. S. Nørgaard. 2016. “Attitudes Toward Immigration: The Role of Personal Predispositions.” Political Psychology 37 (1): 55–72. doi: 10.1111/pops.12220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duckitt, J., and C. G. Sibley. 2010. “Personality, Ideology, Prejudice, and Politics: A Dual-Process Motivational Model.” Journal of Personality 78 (6): 1861–1894. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00672.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esses, V. M., L. M. Jackson, and T. L. Armstrong. 1998. “Intergroup Competition and Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration: An Instrumental Model of Group Conflict.” Journal of Social Issues 54 (4): 699–724. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01244.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatke, M. 2017. “Personality Traits and Political Ideology: A First Global Assessment.” Political Psychology 38 (5): 881–899. doi: 10.1111/pops.12347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitag, M., and C. Rapp. 2015. “The Personal Foundations of Political Tolerance Towards Immigrants.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41 (3): 351–373. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2014.924847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallego, A., and S. Pardos-Prado. 2014. “The Big Five Personality Traits and Attitudes Towards Immigrants.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 40 (1): 79–99. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2013.826131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, A. S., G. A. Huber, D. R. Biggers, and D. J. Hendry. 2017. “Self-interest, Beliefs, and Policy Opinions: Understanding how Economic Beliefs Affect Immigration Policy Preferences.” Political Research Quarterly 70 (1): 155–171. doi: 10.1177/1065912916684032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, A. S., G. A. Huber, D. Doherty, C. M. Dowling, and S. E. Ha. 2010. “Personality and Political Attitudes: Relationships Across Issue Domains and Political Contexts.” American Political Science Review 104 (1): 111–133. doi: 10.1017/S0003055410000031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, A. S., G. A. Huber, D. Doherty, C. M. Dowling, C. Raso, and S. E. Ha. 2011. “Personality Traits and Participation in Political Processes.” The Journal of Politics 73 (3): 692–706. doi: 10.1017/S0022381611000399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, E., J. Gottschling, and F. M. Spinath. 2012. “Short Measurements of Personality–Validity and Reliability of the GSOEP Big Five Inventory (BFI-S).” Journal of Research in Personality 46 (3): 355–359. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, P. J., and D. O. Sears. 2002. “The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale.” Political Psychology 23 (2): 253–283. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., and P. M. Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling 6 (1): 1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, K. L., W. J. Livesley, and P. A. Vemon. 1996. “Heritability of the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Their Facets: A Twin Study.” Journal of Personality 64 (3): 577–592. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00522.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmans, R. 2010. “Trade-offs Between Equality and Difference: Immigrant Integration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State in Cross-National Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (1): 1–26. doi: 10.1080/13691830903250881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmans, R. 2013. “Multiculturalism and Immigration: A Contested Field in Cross-National Comparison.” Annual Review of Sociology 39: 147–169. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W. 1996. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford, New York: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lang, F. R., D. John, O. Lüdtke, J. Schupp, and G. G. Wagner. 2011. “Short Assessment of the Big Five: Robust Across Survey Methods Except Telephone Interviewing.” Behavior Research Methods 43 (2): 548–567. doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0066-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, G. E., J. L. Sullivan, E. Theiss-Morse, and S. L. Wood. 1995. With Malice Toward Some: How People Make Civil Liberties Judgments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R. 1996. “Social Consequences of Experiential Openness.” Psychological Bulletin 120 (3): 323–337. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. 1987. “Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1): 81–90. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, L. M. 2015. Immigration and Perceptions of National Political Systems in Europe. USA: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meuleman, B., K. Abts, K. Slootmaeckers, and C. Meeusen. 2019. “Differentiated Threat and the Genesis of Prejudice: Group-Specific Antecedents of Homonegativity, Islamophobia, Anti-Semitism, and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes.” Social Problems 66 (2): 222–244. doi: 10.1093/socpro/spy002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondak, J. J. 2010. Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mondak, J. J., and K. D. Halperin. 2008. “A Framework for the Study of Personality and Political Behaviour.” British Journal of Political Science 38 (2): 335–362. doi: 10.1017/S0007123408000173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F. 2016. “In Pursuit of Three Theories: Authoritarianism, Relative Deprivation, and Intergroup Contact.” Annual Review of Psychology 67: 1–21. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rammstedt, B., and R. F. Farmer. 2013. “The Impact of Acquiescence on the Evaluation of Personality Structure.” Psychological Assessment 25 (4): 1137–1145. doi: 10.1037/a0033323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlueter, E., B. Meuleman, and E. Davidov. 2013. “Immigrant Integration Policies and Perceived Group Threat: A Multilevel Study of 27 Western and Eastern European Countries.” Social Science Research 42 (3): 670–682. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, M., M. Gollwitzer, J. Maes, and D. Arbach. 2005. “Justice Sensitivity: Assessment and Location in the Personality Space.” European Journal of Psychological Assessment 21 (3): 202–211. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.21.3.202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, A., and H. Ingram. 1993. “Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy.” American Political Science Review 87 (2): 334–347. doi: 10.2307/2939044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoen, H., and M. Steinbrecher. 2013. “Beyond Total Effects: Exploring the Interplay of Personality and Attitudes in Affecting Turnout in the 2009 German Federal Election.” Political Psychology 34 (4): 533–552. doi: 10.1111/pops.12031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibley, C. G., and J. Duckitt. 2008. “Personality and Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis and Theoretical Review.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 12 (3): 248–279. doi: 10.1177/1088868308319226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibley, C. G., J. Duckitt, R. Bergh, D. Osborne, R. Perry, F. Asbrock, et al. 2013. “A Dual Process Model of Attitudes Towards Immigration: Person × Residential Area Effects in a National Sample.” Political Psychology 34 (4): 553–572. doi: 10.1111/pops.12009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidanius, J., and F. Pratto. 1999. Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge, UK, New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sowell, T. 2004. Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Specht, J., B. Egloff, and S. C. Schmukle. 2011. “Stability and Change of Personality Across the Life Course: The Impact of age and Major Life Events on Mean-Level and Rank-Order Stability of the Big Five.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (4): 862–882. doi: 10.1037/a0024950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stouffer, S. A. 1955. Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties: A Cross-Section of the Nation Speaks its Mind. New York: Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J. L., J. Piereson, and G. E. Marcus. 1982. Political Tolerance and American Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J. L., and J. E. Transue. 1999. “The Psychological Underpinnings of Democracy: A Selective Review of Research on Political Tolerance, Interpersonal Trust, and Social Capital.” Annual Review of Psychology 50 (1): 625–650. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J. L., P. Walsh, M. Shamir, D. G. Barnum, and J. L. Gibson. 1993. “Why Politicians are More Tolerant: Selective Recruitment and Socialization among Political Elites in Britain, Israel, New Zealand and the United States.” British Journal of Political Science 23 (1): 51–76. doi: 10.1017/S0007123400006566
   Google Scholar
• van Oorschot, W. 2006. “ Making the Difference in Social Europe: Deservingness Perceptions among Citizens of European Welfare States.” Journal of European Social Policy 16 (1): 23–42. doi: 10.1177/0958928706059829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchione, M., G. Caprara, H. Schoen, J. L. G. Castro, and S. H. Schwartz. 2012. “The Role of Personal Values and Basic Traits in Perceptions of the Consequences of Immigration: A Three-Nation Study.” British Journal of Psychology 103 (3): 359–377. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02079.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zick, A., C. Wolf, B. Küpper, E. Davidov, P. Schmidt, and W. Heitmeyer. 2008. “The Syndrome of Group-Focused Enmity: The Interrelation of Prejudices Tested with Multiple Cross-Sectional and Panel Data.” Journal of Social Issues 64 (2): 363–383. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00566.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zukin, C., S. Keeter, M. Andolina, K. Jenkins, and M. X. D. Carpini. 2006. A New Engagement?: Political Participation, Civic Life, and the Changing American Citizen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar