The relationship between ethnic school composition, school diversity climate and students’ competences in dealing with differences

References

• Aboud, F. E., C. Tredoux, L. R. Tropp, C. S. Brown, U. Niens, and N. M. Noor. 2012. “Interventions to Reduce Prejudice and Enhance Inclusion and Respect for Ethnic Differences in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review.” Developmental Review 32 (4): 307–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agirdag, O. 2018. “The Impact of School SES Composition on Science Achievement and Achievement Growth: Mediating Role of Teachers’ Teachability Culture.” Educational Research and Evaluation 24 (3-5): 264–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agirdag, O., M. S. Merry, and M. Van Houtte. 2016. “Teachers’ Understanding of Multicultural Education and the Correlates of Multicultural Content Integration in Flanders.” Education and Urban Society 48 (6): 556–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks, J. A. 1993. “Multicultural Education: Historical Development, Dimensions, and Practice.” Review of Research in Education 19: 3–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks, J. A., and C. A. McGee Banks. 2010. Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives. 7th edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Bellmore, A., A. Nishina, J. I. You, and T. L. Ma. 2012. “School Context Protective Factors Against Peer Ethnic Discrimination Across the High School Years.” American Journal of Community Psychology 49 (1-2): 98–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, C. 2001. “Genres of Research in Multicultural Education.” Review of Educational Research 71 (2): 171–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlet, I., F. Bulthuis, H. Jacobs, M. Langberg, P. Wanner, and A. Thijs. 2008. Omgaan met Culturele Diversiteit in het Onderwijs. Een Verkennende Literatuurstudie. [Dealing with Cultural Diversity in Education. An Exploratory Literature Study.]. Enschede: SLO.
   Google Scholar
• Bigler, R. S. 1999. “The use of Multicultural Curricula and Materials to Counter Racism in Children.” Journal of Social Issues 55 (4): 687–705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. 1977. “A Macrosociological Theory of Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 83 (1): 26–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brault, M. C., M. Janosz, and I. Archambault. 2014. “Effects of School Composition and School Climate on Teacher Expectations of Students: A Multilevel Analysis.” Teaching and Teacher Education 44: 148–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bubritzki, S., F. van Tubergen, J. Weesie, and S. Smith. 2018. “Ethnic Composition of the School Class and Interethnic Attitudes: a Multi-Group Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (3): 482–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, P. L. 2010. “Race and Cultural Flexibility among Students in Different Multiracial Schools.” Teachers College Record 112 (6): 1529–1574.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celeste, L., G. Baysu, K. Phalet, L. Meeussen, and J. Kende. 2019. “Can School Diversity Policies Reduce Belonging and Achievement Gaps Between Minority and Majority Youth? Multiculturalism, Colorblindness, and Assimilationism Assessed.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45 (11): 1603–1618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, G. W., and R. B. Rensvold. 2002. “Evaluating Goodness-of-fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance.” Structural Equation Modeling 9 (2): 233–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Civitillo, S., M. Schachner, L. Juang, F. J. van de Vijver, A. Handrick, and P. Noack. 2017. “Towards a Better Understanding of Cultural Diversity Approaches at School: A Multi-Informant and Mixed-Methods Study.” Learning, Culture and Social Interaction 12: 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Closson, L. M., L. Darwich, S. Hymel, and T. Waterhouse. 2014. “Ethnic Discrimination among Recent Immigrant Adolescents: Variations as a Function of Ethnicity and School Context.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 24 (4): 608–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dejaeghere, Y., M. Hooghe, and E. Claes. 2012. “Do Ethnically Diverse Schools Reduce Ethnocentrism? A two-Year Panel Study among Majority Group Late Adolescents in Belgian Schools.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 36 (1): 108–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, A. B., F. Geijsel, G. Ledoux, I. van der Veen, and G. ten Dam. 2015. “Effects of School Quality, School Citizenship Policy, and Student Body Composition on the Acquisition of Citizenship Competences in the Final Year of Primary Education.” School Effectiveness and School Improvement 26 (4): 524–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutch Inspectorate of Education. 2017. “Burgerschap op school, een beschrijving van burgerschapsonderwijs en de maatschappelijke stage” [“Citizenship at School, a Description of Citizenship Education and Social Traineeship”]. Retrieved from https://www.onderwijsinspectie.nl/documenten/rapporten/2017/02/07/burgerschap-op-school.
   Google Scholar
• Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. 2005. Wet van 9 december 2005, houdende opneming in de Wet op het primair onderwijs, de Wet op de expertisecentra en de Wet op het voortgezet onderwijs van de verplichting voor scholen om bij te dragen aan de integratie van leerlingen in de Nederlandse samenleving. [Act of 9 december 2005, included in the Primary Education Act, Law on Resource Centers and the Secondary Education Act of the Obligation of Schools to Contribute to the Integration of Students into Dutch Society]. Den Haag: Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.
   Google Scholar
• Education Executive Agency. 2015. “Leerlingen vo per vestiging naar onderwijstype 2015” [Data file]. https://duo.nl/open_onderwijsdata/databestanden/vo/leerlingen/leerlingen-vo-1.jsp.
   Google Scholar
• Eidhof, B. 2019. Handboek Burgerschapsonderwijs, Voor het Voortgezet Onderwijs. [Handbook of Citizenship Education, for Secondary Education]. ProDemos: Den Haag.
   Google Scholar
• Eurydice. 2012. Citizenship Education in Europe. Brussels: Eurydice.
   Google Scholar
• Geboers, E., F. Geijsel, W. Admiraal, and G. Ten Dam. 2013. “Review of the Effects of Citizenship Education.” Educational Research Review 9: 158–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geijsel, F., G. Ledoux, R. Reumerman, and G. Ten Dam. 2012. “Citizenship in Young People's Daily Lives: Differences in Citizenship Competences of Adolescents in the Netherlands.” Journal of Youth Studies 15 (6): 711–729.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, S., A. Munniksma, and J. Juvonen. 2014. “Psychosocial Benefits of Cross-Ethnic Friendships in Urban Middle Schools.” Child Development 85 (2): 469–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hox, J. 2002. Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T., and P. M. Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus new Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal 6 (1): 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isac, M. M., R. Maslowski, B. Creemers, and G. van der Werf. 2014. “The Contribution of Schooling to Secondary-School Students’ Citizenship Outcomes Across Countries.” School Effectiveness and School Improvement 25 (1): 29–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janmaat, J. G. 2012. “The Effect of Classroom Diversity on Tolerance and Participation in England, Sweden and Germany.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38 (1): 21–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janmaat, J. G. 2014. “Do Ethnically Mixed Classrooms Promote Inclusive Attitudes Towards Immigrants Everywhere? A Study among Native Adolescents in 14 Countries.” European Sociological Review, 30 (6): 810–822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janmaat, J. G. 2015. “School Ethnic Diversity and White Students’ Civic Attitudes in England.” Social Science Research 49: 97–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating, A., and T. Benton. 2013. “Creating Cohesive Citizens in England? Exploring the Role of Diversity, Deprivation and Democratic Climate at School.” Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 8 (2): 165–184.
   Google Scholar
• Kokkonen, A., P. Esaiasson, and M. Gilljam. 2010. “Ethnic Diversity and Democratic Citizenship: Evidence from a Social Laboratory.” Scandinavian Political Studies 33 (4): 331–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurlaender, M., and J. T. Yun. 2006. “Measuring School Racial Composition and Student Outcomes in a Multiracial Society.” American Journal of Education 113 (2): 213–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancee, B., and J. Dronkers. 2011. “Ethnic, Religious and Economic Diversity in Dutch Neighbourhoods: Explaining Quality of Contact with Neighbours, Trust in the Neighbourhood and Inter-Ethnic Trust.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37 (4): 597–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcoulides, G. A., R. H. Heck, and C. Papanastasiou. 2005. “Student Perceptions of School Culture and Achievement: Testing the Invariance of a Model.” International Journal of Educational Management 19 (2): 140–152.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. P. 2014. Applied Measurement with JMetrik. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Munniksma, A., A. B. Dijkstra, I. Van der Veen, G. Ledoux, H. Van de Werfhorst, and G. Ten Dam. 2017. Burgerschap in het Voortgezet Onderwijs: Nederland in Vergelijkend Perspectief. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., and B. O. Muthén. 2012. Mplus User’s Guide (1998–2012). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén, 6.
   Google Scholar
• Opdenakker, M. C., and J. Van Damme. 2007. “Do School Context, Student Composition and School Leadership Affect School Practice and Outcomes in Secondary Education?” British Educational Research Journal 33 (2): 179–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, W. C. 2005. “Teaching Against Idiocy.” Phi Delta Kappan 86 (5): 344–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F. 1998. “Intergroup Contact Theory.” Annual Review of Psychology 49 (1): 65–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., and L. R. Tropp. 2008. “How Does Intergroup Contact Reduce Prejudice? Meta-Analytic Tests of Three Mediators.” European Journal of Social Psychology 38 (6): 922–934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Public Policy and Management Institute. 2017. Preparing Teachers for Diversity: the Role of Initial Teacher Education. Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Pulinx, R. (2017). The Dynamics of Teachers’ Beliefs About Language, Citizenship and Social Interaction. Echoes of Monolingualism in Flemish Classrooms (Doctoral dissertation). http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8542188
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. 2007. “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century the 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture.” Scandinavian Political Studies 30 (2): 137–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radstake, H., and Y. Leeman. 2010. “Guiding Discussions in the Class About Ethnic Diversity.” Intercultural Education 21 (5): 429–442.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, L., and S. R. Levy. 2010. “The Colorblind, Multicultural, and Polycultural Ideological Approaches to Improving Intergroup Attitudes and Relations.” Social Issues and Policy Review 4 (1): 215–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rychen, D. S., and L. H. Salganik. 2003. Key Competencies for a Successful Life and Well-Functioning Society. Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Schachner, M. K. 2019. “From Equality and Inclusion to Cultural Pluralism–Evolution and Effects of Cultural Diversity Perspectives in Schools.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 16 (1): 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuitema, J., G. T. Dam, and W. Veugelers. 2008. “Teaching Strategies for Moral Education: A Review.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 40 (1): 69–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, W., J. Ainley, J. Fraillon, D. Kerr, and B. Losito. 2010. ICCS 2009 International Report: Civic Knowledge, Attitudes, and Engagement among Lower-Secondary School Students in 38 Countries. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement.
   Google Scholar
• Severiens, S., R. Wolff, and S. van Herpen. 2014. “Teaching for Diversity: A Literature Overview and an Analysis of the Curriculum of a Teacher Training College.” European Journal of Teacher Education 37 (3): 295–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sincer, I., S. Severiens, and M. Volman. 2019. “Teaching Diversity in Citizenship Education: Context-Related Teacher Understandings and Practices.” Teaching and Teacher Education 78: 183–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siwatu, K. O., S. R. Chesnut, A. Y. Alejandro, and H. A. Young. 2016. “Examining Preservice Teachers’ Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy Doubts.” The Teacher Educator 51 (4): 277–296.
   Google Scholar
• Snijders, T., and R. Bosker. 1999. An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Netherlands. 2012. Kerncijfers postcodegebieden, 2008-2010 [Data file]. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2012/01/kerncijfers-postcodegebieden-2008-2010.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Netherlands. 2016. Afbakening generaties met migratieachtergrond [Demarcation of generations with migration background]. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2016/47/afbakening-generaties-met-migratieachtergrond.
   Google Scholar
• Ten Dam, G., F. Geijsel, R. Reumerman, and G. Ledoux. 2011. “Measuring Young People's Citizenship Competences.” European Journal of Education 46 (3): 354–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Dam, G., and M. Volman. 2007. “Educating for Adulthood or for Citizenship: Social Competence as an Educational Goal.” European Journal of Education 42 (2): 281–298. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2007.00295.x.
   Google Scholar
• Thijs, J., and M. Verkuyten. 2013. “Multiculturalism in the Classroom: Ethnic Attitudes and Classmates’ Beliefs.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37 (2): 176–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thijs, J., and M. Verkuyten. 2014. “School Ethnic Diversity and Students’ Interethnic Relations.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 84 (1): 1–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torney-Purta, J., R. Lehmann, H. Oswald, and W. Schulz. 2001. Citizenship and Education in Twenty-Eight Countries: Civic Knowledge and Engagement at age Fourteen. IEA Secretariat: Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Tucker, C. M., T. Porter, W. M. Reinke, K. C. Herman, P. D. Ivery, C. E. Mack, and E. S. Jackson. 2005. “Promoting Teacher Efficacy for Working with Culturally Diverse Students.” Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 50 (1): 29–34.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Schoot, R., P. Lugtig, and J. Hox. 2012. “A Checklist for Testing Measurement Invariance.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 9 (4): 486–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Geel, M., and P. Vedder. 2010. “The Adaptation of non-Western and Muslim Immigrant Adolescents in the Netherlands: An Immigrant Paradox?” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 51 (5): 398–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Maele, D., and M. Van Houtte. 2009. “Faculty Trust and Organizational School Characteristics: An Exploration Across Secondary Schools in Flanders.” Educational Administration Quarterly 45 (4): 556–589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Maele, D., and M. Van Houtte. 2011. “The Quality of School Life: Teacher-Student Trust Relationships and the Organizational School Context.” Social Indicators Research 100 (1): 85–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten, M., and J. Thijs. 2002. “Racist Victimization among Children in the Netherlands: The Effect of Ethnic Group and School.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 25 (2): 310–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten, M., and J. Thijs. 2013. “Multicultural Education and Inter-Ethnic Attitudes.” European Psychologist 18: 179–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeij, L., M. A. Van Duijn, and C. Baerveldt. 2009. “Ethnic Segregation in Context: Social Discrimination among Native Dutch Pupils and Their Ethnic Minority Classmates.” Social Networks 31 (4): 230–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vervaet, R., M. Van Houtte, and P. A. Stevens. 2018a. “Multicultural School Leadership, Multicultural Teacher Culture and the Ethnic Prejudice of Flemish Pupils.” Teaching and Teacher Education 76: 68–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vervaet, R., M. Van Houtte, and P. A. Stevens. 2018b. “Multicultural Teaching in Flemish Secondary Schools: the Role of Ethnic School Composition, Track, and Teachers’ Ethnic Prejudice.” Education and Urban Society 50 (3): 274–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vervoort, M. H., R. H. Scholte, and P. L. Scheepers. 2011. “Ethnic Composition of School Classes, Majority–Minority Friendships, and Adolescents’ Intergroup Attitudes in the Netherlands.” Journal of Adolescence 34 (2): 257–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanders, F. H., A. B. Dijkstra, R. Maslowski, and I. Van der Veen. 2020. “The Effect of Teacher-Student and Student-Student Relationships on the Societal Involvement of Students.” Research Papers in Education 35 (3): 266–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaman, H. 2006. Teachers’ Perceptions of Citizenship and Citizenship Education: A Comparative Study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Pittsburgh.
   Google Scholar
• Zirkel, S. 2008. “The Influence of Multicultural Educational Practices on Student Outcomes and Intergroup Relations.” Teachers College Record 110 (6): 1147–1181.
   Google Scholar
• Zwaans, A., I. van der Veen, M. Volman, and G. Ten Dam. 2008. “Social Competence as an Educational Goal: the Role of the Ethnic Composition and the Urban Environment of the School.” Teaching and Teacher Education 24 (8): 2118–2131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar