References
- Abu-Lughod, L. 2002. “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others.” American Anthropologist 104 (3): 783–790.
- Afshar, H. 2000. “Gendering the Millennium: Globalising Women.” Development in Practice 10 (3-4): 527–534.
- AGII (Agentschap Inburgering & Integratie). 2019. Jaarverslag 2018, March 16. https://agii.vlaanderen/2018/sites/default/files/20180328_jaarverslag_agii2018.pdf.
- Ahmed, L. 1992. Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Ahmed, S. 2004. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Edinburgh University Press.
- Ahmed, S., C. Castaneda, A. Fortier, and M. Sheller2003. Uprootings/Regroundings: Questions of Home and Migration. Oxford: Berg.
- Arnaut, K., S. Bracke, B. Ceuppens, S. De Mul, N. Fadil, and M. Kanmaz. 2009. Een leeuw in een kooi. De grenzen van het multiculturele Vlaanderen. Antwerpen: Meulenhoff: Manteau.
- Barbagallo, C. 2016. “The Political Economy of Reproduction: Motherhood, Work and the Home in Neoliberal Britain.” Doctoral Dissertation. University of East London.
- Bonjour, S., and J. W. Duyvendak. 2017. “The Migrant With Poor Prospects: Racialized Intersections of Class and Culture in Dutch Civic Integration Debates.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 41 (5): 882–900
- Charmaz, K. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis (2006). London: Sage Publications.
- Cheruvallil-Contractor, S. 2016. “Motherhood as Constructed by us: Muslim Women’s Negotiations from a Space that is Their Own.” Religion and Gender 6 (1): 9–28.
- Coene, G., and C. Longman. 2005. Eigen emancipatie eerst? Over de rechten en representatie van vrouwen in een multiculturele samenleving. Gent: Academia Press.
- Collins, P. H., and S. Bilge. 2016. Intersectionality. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- De Cleen, B., J. Zienkowski, K. Smets, A. Dekie, and R. Vandevoordt. 2017. “Constructing the ‘Refugee Crisis’ in Flanders. Continuities and Adaptations of Discourses on Asylum and Migration.” In The Migrant Crisis: European Perspectives and National Discourses, edited by M. Barlai, B. Fähnrich, C. Griessler, and M. Rhomberg, 59–78. Berlin: LIT Verlag.
- Del Percio, A. 2018. “Engineering Commodifiable Workers: Language, Migration and the Governmentality of the Self.” Language Policy 17 (2): 239–259.
- Eppley, K. 2006. “Defying Insider-Outsider Categorization: One Researcher's Fluid and Complicated Positioning on the Insider-Outsider Continuum.” Forum: Qualitative Social Research 7 (3): Art. 16.
- Erel, U. 2007. “Constructing Meaningful Lives: Biographical Methods in Research on Migrant Women.” The Open University Sociological Research Online 12 (4): 35–48.
- Erel, U. 2010. “Migrating Cultural Capital: Bourdieu in Migration Studies.” Sociology 44 (4): 642–660.
- Erel, U. 2011. “Reframing Migrant Mothers as Citizens.” Citizenship Studies 15 (6-7): 695–709.
- Erel, U., T. Reynolds, and E. Kaptani. 2018. “Migrant Mothers’ Creative Interventions into Racialized Citizenship.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 41 (1): 55–72.
- Erel, U., and L. Ryan. 2019. “Migrant Capitals: Proposing a Multi-Level Spatio-Temporal Analytical Framework.” Sociology 53 (2): 246–263.
- EWSI (European Web Site on Integration). 2018. “Integration of Migrant Women: A Key Challenge with Limited Policy Resources.” November 12. https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/feature/integration-of-migrant-women.
- Farris, S. R. 2017. In the Name of Women’s Rights: The Rise of Femonationalism. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Ferguson, L. 2013. “Gender, Work, and the Sexual Division of Labour.” In The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Politics, edited by G. Waylen, K. Celis, J. Kantola, and L. Weldon, 337–361. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fisher, B., and J. Tronto. 1990. “Toward a Feminist Theory of Caring.” In Circles of Care: Work and Identity in Women’s Lives, edited by E. K. Abel and M. K. Nelson, 35–62. New York: SUNY Press.
- Fortier, A. M. 2016. “Afterword: Acts of Affective Citizenship? Possibilities and Limitations.” Citizenship Studies 20 (8): 1038–1044.
- Fortier, A. M. 2017. “The Social Life of Citizenisation and Naturalisation: Outlining an Analytical Framework.” COLLeGIUM: Studies Across Disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences 23 (1): 12–30.
- Garwood, E. 2014. “Regulating Motherhood: A Foucauldian Analysis of the Social Construction of the Mother.” The New Birmingham Review 1 (1): 19–28.
- Gedalof, I. 2009. “Birth, Belonging and Migrant Mothers: Narratives of Reproduction in Feminist Migration Studies.” Feminist Review 93 (1): 81–100.
- Ghanem, C. Y. 2019. “Integrating Muslim Migrants with a Gender Perspective? An Analysis of Integration Policies in the City of Brussels.” Peace Human Rights Governance 3 (1): 9–33.
- Ghorashi, H. 2010. “From Absolute Invisibility to Extreme Visibility: Emancipation Trajectory of Migrant Women in the Netherlands.” Feminist Review 94 (1): 75–92.
- Glaser, B., and A. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
- Goodman, S. W. 2014. Immigration and Membership Politics in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gryp, D., P. Loobuyck, and G. Verschelden. 2009. “Adult Education Practices for Immigrants in Flanders. An Analysis of the Concept ‘Citizenisation’.” Paper presented at Research Network Conference: Diversity and Social Cohesion – Are These Incompatible Objectives? ESREA Migration, Racism and Xenophobia, ICOSS, December 2–3. The University of Sheffield (UK).
- Henderson, A. C., S. M. Harmon, and J. Houser. 2010. “A New State of Surveillance? Applying Michel Foucault to Modern Motherhood.” Surveillance & Society 7 (3/4): 231–247.
- Homans, L. 2016. “Onze waarden en normen respecteren cruciaal voor Vlaams Inburgeringsbeleid.” January 7. https://www.n-va.be/persbericht/onze-waarden-en-normen-respecteren-cruciaal-voor-vlaams-inburgeringsbeleid.
- Hung, R. 2010. “In Search of Affective Citizenship: From the Pragmatist-Phenomenological Perspective.” Policy Futures in Education 8 (5): 488–498.
- Kawash, S. 2011. “New Directions in Motherhood Studies.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 36 (4): 969–1003.
- Kofman, E., and P. Raghuram. 2015. Gendered Migrations and Global Social Reproduction. New York: Springer.
- Lisiak, A. 2015. “Fieldwork and Fashion: Gendered and Classed Performances in Research Sites.” Forum: Qualitative Social Research 16 (2): Art. 14.
- Lister, R. 2007. “Inclusive Citizenship: Realizing the Potential.” Citizenship Studies 11 (1): 49–61.
- Longman, C., K. De Graeve, and T. Brouckaert. 2013. “Mothering as a Citizenship Practice: An Intersectional Analysis of ‘Carework’ and ‘Culturework’ in Non-Normative Mother-Child Identities.” Citizenship Studies 17 (3-4): 385–399.
- Maliepaard, M., F. Fleischmann, and K. Phalet. 2013. “Living Apart Together? Integratie van Moslims in Europa.” In-Mind 1: 6–6.
- Mandin, J. 2014. “An Overview of Integration Policies in Belgium (Interact Research Report 2014/20).” Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI). European University Institute.
- Mata-Codesal, D., E. Peperkamp, and N. C. Tiesler. 2015. “Migration, Migrants and Leisure: Meaningful Leisure?” Leisure Studies 34 (1): 1–4.
- McDowell, L. 2008. “The New Economy, Class Condescension and Caring Labour: Changing Formations of Class and Gender.” NORA – Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 16 (3): 150–165.
- Miri, A. 2020. “Bridging Colonial Feminist Discourses and Migrant Women’s Lived Realities: Mediators’ Narratives on the Tensions and Ambiguities Within Marriage Migration Policy in Belgium.” Tijdschrift Voor Genderstudies 23 (1): 33–50.
- Mookherjee, M. 2005. “Affective Citizenship: Feminism, Postcolonialism and the Politics of Recognition.” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 8 (1): 31–50.
- Mouritsen, P. 2013. “The Resilience of Citizenship Traditions: Civic Integration in Germany, Great Britain and Denmark.” Ethnicities 13 (1): 86–109.
- Ong, A. 2006. Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press.
- O'Reilly, A. 2004. “Introduction.” In Mother Outlaws: Theories and Practices of Empowered Mothering, edited by A. O’Reilly, 1–30. Toronto: Women’s Press.
- Ouali, N. 2012. “Migrant Women in Belgium: Identity Versus Feminism.” In Feminism and Migration: Cross-Cultural Engagements, edited by G. T. Bonifacio, 101–121. New York: Springer.
- Paparusso, A. 2019. “Immigrant Citizenship Status in Europe: The Role of Individual Characteristics and National Policies.” Genus 75 (13): 1–23.
- Pessar, P. R., and S. J. Mahler. 2003. “Transnational Migration: Bringing Gender in.” International Migration Review 37 (3): 812–846.
- Rai, S. M. 2013. “Gender and (International) Political Economy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Politics, edited by G. Waylen, K. Celis, J. Kantola, and L. Weldon, 263–288. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Reynolds, T., U. Erel, and E. Kaptani. 2018. “Migrant Mothers: Performing Kin Work and Belonging Across Private and Public Boundaries.” Families, Relationships and Societies 7 (3): 365–382.
- Ryan, L. 2007. “Migrant Women, Social Networks and Motherhood: The Experiences of Irish Nurses in Britain.” Sociology 41 (2): 295–312.
- Ryan, L., and E. Vacchelli. 2013. “‘Mothering Through Islam’: Narratives of Religious Identity in London.” Religion and Gender 3 (1): 1–5.
- Rye, G., and S. Cheruvallil-Contractor. 2016. “Introduction: Motherhood, Religions and Spirituality.” Religion and Gender 6 (1): 1–8.
- Siim, B. 2013. “Citizenship.” In The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Politics, edited by G. Waylen, K. Celis, J. Kantola, and L. S. Weldon, 756–780. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Smyth, C., and L. Craig. 2017. “Conforming to Intensive Parenting Ideals: Willingness, Reluctance and Social Context.” Families, Relationships and Societies 6 (1): 107–124.
- Squires, J. 2013. “Equality and Universalism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Politics, edited by G. Waylen, K. Celis, J. Kantola, and L. Weldon, 731–755. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Svašek, M. 2008. “Who Cares? Families and Feelings in Movement.” Journal of Intercultural Studies 29 (3): 213–230.
- Tronto, J. 2009. Moral Boundaries. A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care (1993). New York: Routledge.
- Van Leuven, S., A. Deprez, S. Joye, and D. Ongenaert. 2018. How Do Flemish Politicians Talk about Migration? A Study on the Political Framing of Migration in Belgium 2016–2018 (Research Report). Gent: Ghent University.
- Vervaet, V., and N. Geens. 2016. Inburgering op Maat van Laaggeletterde Vrouwen met Jonge Kinderen: Draaiboek. Ghent: VBJK.
- Yuval-Davis, N. 1996. “Women and the Biological Reproduction of ‘the Nation’.” Women's Studies International Forum 19 (1/2): 17–24.
- Yuval-Davis, N. 2006. “Intersectionality and Feminist Politics.” European Journal of Women's Studies 13 (3): 193–209.