731
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Chinese in Africa: expatriation regime and lived experience

ORCID Icon
Pages 2720-2741 | Received 03 Dec 2020, Accepted 04 Jan 2022, Published online: 01 Feb 2022

References

  • Adem, S. 2012. “China in Ethiopia: Diplomacy and Economics of Sino-optimism.” African Studies Review 55 (1): 143–160.
  • Allen, J. 2003. Lost Geographies of Power. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
  • Allen, J. 2004. “The Whereabouts of Power: Politics, Government and Space.” Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 86 (1): 19–32.
  • Arsene, C. 2014. “Chinese Employers and Their Ugandan Workers: Tensions Frictions and Cooperation in an African City.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 43 (1): 139–176.
  • Bélanger, D., and R. Silvey. 2020. “An Im/Mobility Turn: Power Geometries of Care and Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (16): 3423–3440.
  • Botchwey, G., G. Crawford, N. Loubere, and J. Lu. 2019. “South-South Irregular Migration: The Impacts of China’s Informal Gold Rush in Ghana.” International Migration 57 (4): 310–328.
  • Collyer, M., and R. King. 2015. “Producing Transnational Space: International Migration and the Extra-territorial Reach of State Power.” Progress in Human Geography 39 (2): 185–204.
  • Cook, S., J. Lu, H. Tugendhat, and D. Alemu. 2016. “Chinese Migrants in Africa: Facts and Fictions from the Agri-food Sector in Ethiopia and Ghana.” World Development 81: 61–70.
  • Dittgen, R. 2017. “Features of Modernity, Development and ‘Orientalism’ Reading Johannesburg through its ‘Chinese’ Urban Spaces.” Journal of Southern African Studies 43 (5): 979–996.
  • Dobler, G. 2009. “Chinese Shops and the Formation of a Chinese Expatriate Community in Namibia.” The China Quarterly 199: 707–727.
  • Driessen, M. 2016. “Pushed to Africa: Emigration and Social Change in China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42 (15): 2491–2507.
  • Driessen, M. 2019. Tales of Hope, Tastes of Bitterness: Chinese Road Builders in Ethiopia. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Driessen, M. 2021. “Chinese Workers in Ethiopia Caught Between Remaining and Returning.” Pacific Affairs 94: 329–346.
  • Fan, C. C. 2004. “The State, the Migrant Labor Regime, and Maiden Workers in China.” Political Geography 23 (3): 283–305.
  • Farrer, J. 2010. ““New Shanghailanders” or “New Shanghainese”: Western Expatriates’ Narratives of Emplacement in Shanghai.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (8): 1211–1228.
  • FDRE. 2019. “Labour Proclamation, 1156/2019”.
  • FDRE. 2020. “Ethiopian Investment Proclamation, 1180/2020 (35)”.
  • Fei, D. 2020. “The Compound Labor Regime of Chinese Construction Projects in Ethiopia.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 117: 13–23.
  • Fei, D. 2021. “Chinese Telecommunications Companies in Ethiopia: The Influences of Host Government Intervention and Inter-firm Competition.” The China Quarterly 245: 186–207.
  • Fei, D., A. Samatar, and C. Liao. 2018. “Chinese-African Encounters in High-tech Sectors: Comparative Investigation of Chinese Workplace Regimes in Ethiopia.” Development Policy Review 36 (1): O455–O475.
  • French, H. W. 2014. China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants Are Building a New Empire in Africa. New York, NY: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
  • Gamble, J. 2000. “Localizing Management in Foreign-invested Enterprises in China: Practical, Cultural, and Strategic Perspectives.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 11 (5): 883–903.
  • Giannecchini, P., and I. Taylor. 2018. “The Eastern Industrial Zone in Ethiopia: Catalyst for Development?” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 88: 28–35.
  • Giese, K. 2013. “Same-Same But Different: Chinese Traders’ Perspectives on African Labor.” The China Journal 69: 134–153.
  • Harrison, P., K. Moyo, and Y. Yang. 2012. “Strategy and Tactics: Chinese Immigrants and Diasporic Spaces in Johannesburg, South Africa.” Journal of Southern African Studies 38 (4): 899–925.
  • Haugen, HØ, and J. Carling. 2005. “On the Edge of the Chinese Diaspora: The Surge of Baihuo Business in an African City.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (4): 639–662.
  • Hess, S. 2016. “The Flight of the Affluent in Contemporary China: Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and the Problem of Wealth Drain.” Asian Survey 56 (4): 629–650.
  • Ho, C. G. 2012. “Living in Liminality: Chinese Migrancy in Ghana [University of California - Sana Cruz].” In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
  • Hodzi, O. 2019. “Chinese in Africa: ‘Chineseness’ and the Complexities of Identities.” Asian Ethnicity 20 (1): 1–7.
  • Interview#10. 2016. “Interview with a telecommunications engineer.” August.
  • Interview#11. 2013. “Interview with a consstruction manager.” June.
  • Interview#1. 2016. “Interview with a manager from a manufacturing company.” July.
  • Interview#2. 2017. “Interview with a private construction subcontractor.” Feburary.
  • Interview#3. 2016. “Interview with an outsourced construction worker.” September.
  • Interview#4. 2014. “Interview with a construction project translator.” June.
  • Interview#5. 2016. “Interview with a construction project manager.” August.
  • Interview#6. 2016. “Interview with a telecommunications engineer.” September.
  • Interview#7. 2016. “Interview with a factory manager from a manufacturing company.” July.
  • Interview#9. 2017. “Interview with a construction subcontractor.” Feburary.
  • Lam, K. N. 2015. “Chinese Adaptations: African Agency, Fragmented Community and Social Capital Creation in Ghana.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44 (1): 9–41.
  • Lee, C. K. 1998. Gender and the South China Miracle: Two Worlds of Factory Women. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
  • Lee, C. K. 2018. The Specter of Global China: Politics, Labor, and Foreign Investment in Africa. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lin, W. 2012. “Beyond Flexible Citizenship: Towards a Study of Many Chinese Transnationalisms.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 43 (1): 137–146.
  • Liu, S. 2019. “China Town in Lagos: Chinese Migration and the Nigerian State Since the 1990s.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 54 (6): 783–799.
  • Lugo, M. A., M. Raiser, and R. Yemtsov. 2021, September 24. “What’s next for poverty reduction policies in China?” Brookings Institute.
  • Lv, G. 2014. “A Study of the History of China’s Export of Labor Services and the Evolution of Its Administration of Labor Export.” Overseas Chinese History Studies 1: 1–17.
  • Ma, J., and X. Xu. 2018. “Intergenerational Differences in the Expatriate Staff of Chinese Enterprises in Africa - A Case Study of a Sisal Farm in Tanzania.” Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities 40 (3): 18–25.
  • Massey, D. 1993. “Power-Geometry and a Progressive Sense of Place.” In Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, edited by J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, G. Robertson, and L. Tickner, 77–85. Routledge.
  • Massey, D. 2005. For Space. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • McDowell, L. 2008. “Thinking Through Class and Gender in the Context of Working Class Studies.” Antipode 40 (1): 20–24.
  • Mitchell, K. 1997. “Transnational Discourse: Bringing Geography Back in.” Antipode 29 (2): 101–114.
  • MOFCOM. 2018. “Innovative Means for Precise Poverty Reduction through Overseas Labor Service in Hubei Province.” http://whtb.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zhuantdy/201804/20180402731215.shtml
  • MOFCOM. 2019. “Annual Report on China International Labor Cooperation, 2019-2020”.
  • MOFCOM. 2021. “Annual Report on China International Labor Cooperation, 2019-2020”.
  • Monson, J. 2009. Africa’s Freedom Railway. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • NBSC. 2012. China’s Statistical Year Book. Beijing: National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC).
  • Nyíri, P. 2010. “Mobility and cultural authority in contemporary China”.
  • Nyíri, P. 2021. “Migration and the Globalisation of Chinese Capital.” Made in China Journal 5 (3): 42–47.
  • Oya, C. 2019. “Chinese firms and employment dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa : A comparative analysis Job Creation and Workforce localization Labour force characteristics (IDCEA Research Brief)”.
  • Oya, C., and F. Schaefer. 2019. “Chinese firms and employment dynamics in Africa: A comparative analysis Synthesis Report”.
  • Park, Y. J. 2021. “Forever Foreign? Is There a Future for Chinese People in Africa?” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Oct (22): 1–19.
  • Park, Y. J., and X. Tang. 2021. “Chinese FDI and Impacts on Technology Transfer, Linkages, and Learning in Africa: Evidence from the Field.” Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 19 (4): 257–268.
  • Pun, N., R. Andrijasevic, and D. Sacchetto. 2020. “Transgressing North–South Divide: Foxconn Production Regimes in China and the Czech Republic.” Critical Sociology 46 (2): 307–322.
  • Rounds, Z., and H. Huang. 2017. “We are not so different: A comparative study of employment relations at Chinese and American firms in Kenya (No.2017/10)”.
  • Sautman, B., and H. Yan. 2016. “The Discourse of Racialization of Labour and Chinese Enterprises in Africa.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (12): 2149–2168.
  • Schmitz, C. M. 2021. “Making Friends, Building Roads: Chinese Entrepreneurship and the Search for Reliability in Angola.” American Anthropologist 123 (2): 343–354.
  • Sheridan, D. 2018. ““If You Greet Them, They Ignore You”: Chinese Migrants Refused Greetings, and the Inter-personal Ethics of Global Inequality in Tanzania.” Anthropological Quarterly 91 (1): 237–265.
  • Sheridan, D. 2019. “Weak Passports and bad Behavior: Chinese Migrants and the Moral Politics of Petty Corruption in Tanzania.” American Ethnologist 46 (2): 137–149.
  • Silvey, R. 2003. “Spaces of Protest: Gendered Migration, Social Networks, and Labor Activism in West Java, Indonesia.” Political Geography 22 (2): 129–155.
  • Smith, C. 2003. “Living at Work: Management Control and the Dormitory Labour System in China.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 20: 333–358.
  • Snow, P. 1989. The Star Raft: China’s Encounter with Africa. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Standing, G. 2011. The Precariat: The new Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • State Council. 2014. “White Paper on Chinese Foreign Assistance”.
  • Swider, S. 2015. Building China: Informal Work and the New Precariat. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Tang, X. 2010. “Bulldozer or Locomotive? The Impact of Chinese Enterprises on the Local Employment in Angola and the DRC.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 45 (3): 350–368.
  • Tang, X. 2019. “Chinese Manufacturing Investments and Knowledge Transfer: A Report from Ethiopia (2019/3)”.
  • Tang, X., and J. Eom. 2019. “Time Perception and Industrialization: Divergence and Convergence of Work Ethics in Chinese Enterprises in Africa.” The China Quarterly 238: 537–538.
  • Thomson, W. 2017. “Masculinity at Its Margins: Migrant Construction Work in China.” WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly 45 (3–4): 306–320.
  • Tiezzi, S. 2016, March 3. “China’s Coming Mass Layoffs: Past as Prologue?” The Diplomat.
  • Tugendhat, H. 2020. “How Huawei Succeeds in Africa: Training and Knowledge Transfers in Kenya and Nigeria (2020/34)”.
  • Wethal, U. 2017. “Workplace Regimes in Sino-Mozambican Construction Projects: Resentment and Tension in a Divided Workplace.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 35 (3): 383–403.
  • Wong, M. 2006. “Chinese Workers in the Garment Industry in Africa: Implications of the Contract Labour Dispatch System on the International Labour Movement.” Labour, Capital and Society 29 (1): 69–113.
  • Xiang, B. 2014. “The Would-be Migrant: Post-Socialist Primitive Accumulation, Potential Transnational Mobility, and the Displacement of the Present in Northeast China.” TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 2 (2): 183–199.
  • Xiang, B. 2021. “Suspension: Complexed Developments and Hypermobility In and From China.” Pacific Affairs 94 (2): 233–250.
  • Xinhua News. 2019, December 23. “Sino-Africa friendship continues to flourish.” China Daily. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201912/23/WS5e00198aa310cf3e3557fe77.html
  • Xu, L. 2019. “Factory, Family, and Industrial Frontier: A Socioeconomic Study of Chinese Clothing Firms in Newcastle, South Africa.” Economic History of Developing Regions 34 (3): 300–319.
  • Yan, H., B. Sautman, and Y. Lu. 2019. “Chinese and ‘Self-Segregation’ in Africa.” Asian Ethnicity 20 (1): 40–66.
  • Yeh, E. T., and E. Wharton. 2016. “Going West and Going Out: Discourses, Migrants, and Models in Chinese Development.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 57 (3): 286–315.
  • Zhang, J. 2013. “Status, Challenges, and Coping Strategies for Overseas Labor Service Industry.” Academic Exchange 232 (7): 73–77.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.