Two paths towards the exceptional extension of national voting rights to non-citizen residents

References

• Aleinikoff, T. Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds. 2000. From Migrants to Citizens: Membership in a Changing World. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
   Google Scholar
• Altman, David. 2019. Citizenship and Contemporary Direct Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Altman, David. 2022. “Adjusting Democracy Indices to the Age of Mass Migration: Voting Rights of Denizens and Expats.” Contemporary Politics 28 (4): 408–428. doi:10.1080/13569775.2021.2008617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrighi, Jean-Thomas, and Rainer Bauböck. 2017. “A Multilevel Puzzle: Migrants’ Voting Rights in National and Local Elections.” European Journal of Political Research 56 (3): 619–639. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bäck, Henry, and Maritta Soininen. 1998. “Immigrants in the Political Process.” Scandinavian Political Studies 21 (1): 29–50. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1998.tb00002.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, Fiona, and Kate McMillan. 2014. “Constituting the Democratic Public: New Zealand's Extension of National Voting Rights to NonCitizens.” New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law 12 (1): 61–80. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.710298680968449.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, Rainer. 1991. “Migration and Citizenship.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 18 (1): 27–48. doi:10.1080/1369183X.1991.9976280.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, Rainer. 2002. “Farewell to Multiculturalism? Sharing Values and Identities in Societies of Immigration.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 3 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s12134-002-1000-0.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, Rainer. 2005a. “Citizenship Policies: International, State, Migrant and Democratic Perspectives.” Global Migration Perspectives 19:Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, Rainer. 2005b. “Expansive Citizenship—Voting Beyond Territory AndMembership.” PS: Political Science & Politics 38 (4): 683–687. doi:10.1017/S1049096505050341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckman, Ludvig. 2006. “Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote?” Citizenship Studies 10 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1080/13621020600633093.
   Google Scholar
• Belton, Kristy A. 2019. “Muddy Waters: Citizenship and the Right to Vote in the Commonwealth Caribbean Migratory Context.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 57 (1): 93–122. doi:10.1080/14662043.2019.1545526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benhabib, Seyla. 2004. The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, and Citizens. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bird, Karen, Thomas Saalfeld, and Andreas M. Wüst2010. The Political Representation of Immigrants and Minorities: Voters, Parties and Parliaments in Liberal Democracies. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bobbio, Norberto. 1987. The Future of Democracy: A Defence of the Rules of the Game. New York: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Brinks, Daniel M., and Michael Coppedge. 2006. “Diffusion Is No Illusion: Neighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy.” Comparative Political Studies 39 (4): 463–489. doi:10.1177/0010414005276666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Caramani, Daniele, and Florian Grotz. 2015. “Beyond Citizenship and Residence? Exploring the Extension of Voting Rights in the age of Globalization.” Democratization 22 (5): 799–819. doi:10.1080/13510347.2014.981668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carens, Joseph. 2002. “Citizenship and Civil Society: What Rights for Residents?” In Dual Nationality, Social Rights and Federal Citizenship in the US and Europe, edited by R. Hansen, and P. Weil. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael. 2012. Democratization and Research Methods. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael. 2021b. “V-Dem Dataset v11.1.” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, M., J. Gerring, C. H. Knutsen, S. I. Lindberg, J. Teorell, D. Altman, M. Bernhard, et al. 2021a. “V-Dem Codebook v11.1.” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
   Google Scholar
• Dancygier, Rafaela, and Elizabeth N. Saunders. 2006. “A New Electorate? Comparing Preferences and Partisanship Between Immigrants and Natives.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (4): 962–981. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00227.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duşa, Adrian. 2018. QCA with R: A Comprehensive Resource. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Earnest, David C. 2008. Old Nations, New Voters: Nationalism, Transnationalism, and Democracy in the Era of Global Migration. Albany: SUNY Press
   Google Scholar
• Earnest, David C. 2015a. “The Enfranchisement of Resident Aliens: Variations and Explanations.” Democratization 22 (5): 861–883. doi:10.1080/13510347.2014.979162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earnest, David C. 2015b. “Expanding the Electorate: Comparing the Noncitizen Voting Practices of 25 Democracies.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 16 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1007/s12134-014-0334-8.
   Google Scholar
• Escobar, Cristina. 2007. “Extraterritorial Political Rights and Dual Citizenship in Latin America.” Latin American Research Review 42 (3): 43–75. doi:10.1353/lar.2007.0046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar, Cristina. 2015. “Immigrant Enfranchisement in Latin America: From Strongmen to Universal Citizenship.” Democratization 22 (5): 927–950. doi:10.1080/13510347.2014.979322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facchini, G., and A. M. Mayda. 2008. “From Individual Attitudes Towards Migrants to Migration Policy Outcomes: Theory and Evidence.” Economic Policy 23 (56): 651–713. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0327.2008.00212.x.
   Google Scholar
• Ferris, D., R. Hayduk, A. Richards, E. S. Schubert, and M. Acri. 2020. “Noncitizen Voting Rights in the Global Era: A Literature Review and Analysis.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 21 (3): 949–971. doi:10.1007/s12134-019-00687-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, Victoria. 2020. “Migrant Voting: Here, There, in Both Countries, or Nowhere.” Citizenship Studies 24 (6): 730–750. doi:10.1080/13621025.2020.1745154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, Victoria. 2021. “Migrant Rights, Voting, and Resocialization: Suffrage in Chile and Ecuador, 1925-2020.” Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3210897.
   Google Scholar
• Finn, Victoria. 2022. “A Qualitative Assessment of QCA: Method Stretching in Large-N Studies and Temporality.” Quality & Quantity Online First. doi:10.1007/s11135-021-01278-5.
   Google Scholar
• Finn, Victoria. 2023. “Enfranchising Migrants in Chile: A Century of Politics, Elites, and Regime Changes.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (10): 2561–2581. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182714.
   Google Scholar
• Flores Juberias, Carlos, and Pedro Tent Alonso. 2008. “Extending Voting Rights to Foreigners: Reinforcing Equality or Reinventing Citizenship?” Cuadernos Constitucionales de la Cátedra Fadrique Furió Ceriol 62/63: 157–186.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, Gary P. 2006. “National Models, Policy Types, and the Politics of Immigration in Liberal Democracies.” West European Politics 29 (2): 227–247. doi:10.1080/01402380500512585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, Gary P., and Bob Birrell. 2001. “Divergent Paths of Immigration Politics in the United States and Australia.” Population and Development Review 27 (3): 525–551. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2001.00525.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleditsch, Kristian S., and Michael D. Ward. 2006. “Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization.” International Organization 60 (4): 911–933. doi:10.1017/S0020818306060309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goertz, Gary. 2005. Social Science Concepts: A User's Guide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joppke, Christian. 2001. “The Legal-Domestic Sources of Immigrant Rights: The United States, Germany, and the European Union.” Comparative Political Studies 34 (4): 339–366. doi:10.1177/0010414001034004001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joppke, Christian. 2003. “Citizenship between De- and Re-Ethnicization.” European Journal of Sociology 44 (3): 429–458. doi:10.1017/S0003975603001346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joppke, Christian. 2007. “Transformation of Citizenship: Status, Rights, Identity.” Citizenship Studies 11 (1): 37–48. doi:10.1080/13621020601099831.
   Google Scholar
• Kaunda, Jonathan Mayuyuka. 1998. “The Transition to a Multiparty System and Consolidation of Democracy in Malawi.” Il Politico 63 (3): 425–448. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43101816.
   Google Scholar
• Kayran, Elif Naz, and Merve Erdilmen. 2021. “‘When do States Give Voting Rights to Non-Citizens? The Role of Population, Policy, and Politics on the Timing of Enfranchisement Reforms in Liberal Democracies’.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (13): 2855–2876. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1782178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmans, Ruud, and Ines Michalowski. 2017. “Why Do States Extend Rights to Immigrants? Institutional Settings and Historical Legacies Across 44 Countries Worldwide.” Comparative Political Studies 50 (1): 41–74. doi:10.1177/0010414016655533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavenex, Sandra. 2001. “The Europeanization of Refugee Policies: Normative Challenges and Institutional Legacies.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 39 (5): 851–874. doi:10.1111/1468-5965.00334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margheritis, Ana. 2015. “Report on Citizenship law: Uruguay, [GLOBALCIT], EUDO Citizenship Observatory, 2015/11, Country Reports.” Retrieved from Cadmus, European University Institute Research Repository http://hdl.handle.net/1814/35998.
   Google Scholar
• Margheritis, Ana. 2022. “Political Rights Regulation by Deferral: Obstacles to External Voting in Uruguay.” Latin American Politics and Society 64 (1): 117–143. doi:10.1017/lap.2021.56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markoff, John. 1999. “Where and When Was Democracy Invented?” Comparative Studies in Society and History 41 (4): 660–690. doi:10.1017/S0010417599003096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrow, Helen B. 2005. “New Destinations and Immigrant Incorporation.” Perspectives on Politics 3 (4): 781–799. doi:10.1017/S1537592705050449.
   Google Scholar
• McMillan, Kate. 2017. “From “the Commonwealth’s Most Dutiful Daughter” to “Young Multicultural Nation”: Non-Citizen Voting Rights and New Zealand’s Citizenship Regime.” In In Citizenship in Transnational Perspective. Politics of Citizenship and Migration, edited by J. Mann. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Méndez Lago, Mónica. 2005. “Los derechos politicos de los inmigrantes.” In La Condición Inmigrante: Exploraciones e investigaciones desde la Región de Murcia, edited by A. Pedreño Cánovas, and M. Hernández Pedreño, 125–139. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.
   Google Scholar
• Michel, Elie, and Joachim Blatter. 2021. “Enfranchising Immigrants and/or Emigrants? Attitudes Towards Voting Rights Expansion among Sedentary Nationals in Europe.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 44 (11): 1935–1954. doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1817519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, Duc-Quang. 2016. “Who Are the Two Million Foreigners Living in Switzerland?” swissinfo.ch February 28.
   Google Scholar
• Pedroza, Luicy. 2015. “The Democratic Potential of Enfranchising Resident Migrants.” International Migration 53 (3): 22–35. doi:10.1111/imig.12162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedroza, Luicy. 2019. Citizenship Beyond Nationality Immigrants’ Right to Vote Across the World. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Przeworski, Adam, and Henry Teune. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Ragin, Charles. 2000. Fuzzy-Set, Social Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ragin, Charles, and John Sonnett. 2004. “Between Complexity and Parsimony: Limited Diversity, Counterfactual Cases, and Comparative Analysis.” In Vergleichen in der Politikwissenschaft, edited by S. Kropp, and M. Minkenberg. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
   Google Scholar
• Rakner, Lise, and Lars Svåsand. 2010. “In Search of the Impact of International Support for Political Parties in New Democracies: Malawi and Zambia Compared.” Democratization 17 (6): 1250–1274. doi:10.1080/13510347.2010.520555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, Cristina M. 2010. “Noncitizen Voting and the Extraconstitutional Construction of the Polity.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 8 (1): 30–49. doi:10.1093/icon/mop032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandonato de León, Pablo. 2008. “Nacionalidad y extranjería en el Uruguay: Un estudio normopolítico.” Revista de Derecho 3: 175–243. doi:10.22235/rd.v0i3.843.
   Google Scholar
• Schmid, Samuel D., Lorenzo Piccoli, and Jean-Thomas Arrighi. 2019. “Non-Universal Suffrage: Measuring Electoral Inclusion in Contemporary Democracies.” European Political Science 18 (4): 695–713. doi:10.1057/s41304-019-00202-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuhldreher, Amalia. 2016. “Sufragio transnacional en Uruguay: Contexto histórico-legal, dimensiones e impacto político-institucional.” In Sufragio Transnacional y Extraterritorial: Experiencias Comparadas, edited by G. E. Emmerich, and V. Alarcón Olguín. México, D.F.: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, IIDH-CAPEL.
   Google Scholar
• Superti, Chiara. 2023. “A Foot in Both Countries: The Effect of Origin-Country Enfranchisement on Migrants’ Political Interest and Partisanship.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (10): 2582–2606. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián. 2023. “Enacted but Neither Regulated nor Applied: Exploring Emigrant Enfranchisement in Deviant Cases.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (10): 2521–2540. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182711.
   Google Scholar
• Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián, Victoria Finn, and Johanna Peltoniemi. 2023. “Missing Links in Migrant Enfranchisement Studies.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (10): 2473–2499. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182709.
   Google Scholar
• Wagemann, Claudius. 2017. “Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Set Theory.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, edited by W. R. Thompson. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wegschaider, Klaudia. 2023. “The Challenge of Low Visibility: Immigrant Activism toward Enfranchisement.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (10): 2607–2626. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182717.
   Google Scholar
• Wellman, Elizabeth Iams. 2023. “Refugee Status as Patronage Good? The Interaction of Transnational Party Mobilization and Migration Policy in the Global South.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (10): 2500–2520. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182710.
   Google Scholar