References
- Bond R, Rose JF, Ellis JW, Lloyd DH. Comparison of two shampoos for treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis-associated seborrhoeic dermatitis in Basset Hounds. J Small Anim Prac 1995; 36: 99–104.
- Dufait R. Presence of Malassezia pachydermatis (syn. Pityros-porum canis) on the hair and feathers of domestic animals. Bull Soc Franc Mycol Med 1985; 14: 19–22.
- Larsson CE, Gandra CRP, Larsson M, et al. Dermatitis in dogs caused by Malassezia (Pityrosporum) pachydermatis. Ars Veter-inaria 1988; 4: 63–68.
- Mason KY, Evans AG. Dermatitis associated with Malassezia pachydermatis in 11 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1991; 27: 13–20.
- Bond R, Lloyd DH. Skin and mucosal populations of Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy and seborrhoeic basset hounds. Vet Dermatol 1997; 8: 101–106.
- Aizawa T, Kano R, Nakamura Y, Watanabe S, Hasegawa A. Molecular heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Malassezia pachy-dermatis from dogs. Vet Microbiol 1999; 70: 67–75.
- Bond R, Ferguson EA, Curtis CF, Craig JM, Lloyd DH. Factors associated with elevated cutaneous Malassezia pachydermatis populations in dogs with pruritic skin disease. J Small Anim Prac 1996; 37: 103–107.
- Plant JD, Rosenkrantz WS, Griffin CE. Factors associated with a prevalence of high Malassezia pachydermatis numbers on dog skin. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201: 879–885.
- Hay RI Fungi and fungal infections of the skin. In: Noble WC, ed. The Skin Microflora and Microbial Skin Disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992: 232–63.
- Sohnle PG, Collins-Lech C. Analysis of the lymphocyte transfor-mation response to Pityrosporum orbiculare in patients with tinea versicolor. Clin Exper Immunol 1982; 49: 559–64.
- Sohnle PG, Collins-Lech C. Cell -mediated immunity to Pityr-osporum orbiculare in tinea versicolor. J Clin Invest 1978; 62: 45–53.
- Kieffer M, Bergbrant IM, Faergemann J, et al. Immune reactions to Pityrosporum ovale in adult patients with atopic and seborrheic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 739–742.
- Ashbee HR, Evans EG. Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 21–57.
- Bond R, Elwood CM, Littler RM, Pinter L, Lloyd DH. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy dogs and dogs with Malassezia dermatitis. Vet Record 1998; 143: 381–384.
- Nuttal T, Halliwell R. Serum antibodies to Malassezia pachyder-matis extracts in atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2001; 12: 327–332.
- Bond R, Lloyd DH. Immunoglobulin G responses to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy dogs and dogs with Malassezia derma-titis. Vet Record 2002; 150: 509–512.
- Chen TA, Halliwell REW, Hill PB. IgG responses to Malassezia pachydermatis antigens in atopic and normal dogs. Vet Dermatol 2000; 11: 13.
- Bond R, Curtis CF, Hendricks A, Ferguson EA, Lloyd DH. Intradermal test reactivity to Malassezia pachydermatis in atopic dogs. Vet Record 2002; 150: 448–449.
- Morris DO, Olivier NB, Rosser EJ. Type-1 hypersensitivity reactions to Malassezia pachydermatis extracts in atopic dogs. Am J Vet Res 1998; 59: 836–41.
- Chen TA, Halliwell RE, Pemberton AD, Hill PB. Identification of major allergens of Malassezia pachydermatis in dogs with atopic dermatitis and Malassezia overgrowth. Vet Dermatol 2002; 13: 141–150.
- Bond R, Patterson-Kane JC, Lloyd DH. Intradermal test reactivity to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy basset hounds and bassets with Malassezia dermatitis. Vet Record 2002; 151: 105–109.
- Morris DO, Clayton DJ, Drobatz KJ, Felsburg PJ. Response to Malassezia pachydermatis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinically normal and atopic dogs. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63: 358–62.
- Drouhet E, Dompmartin D, Papachristou-Moraiti A, Ravisse P. Dermatite experimentale a Pityrosporum ovale et (ou) Pityros-porum orbiculare chez le cabaye et la souris. Sabouraudia 1980; 18: 149–156.
- Van Cutsem J, Van Gerven F, Fransen J, Schrooten P, Janssen PA. The in vitro antifungal activity of ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, and selenium sulfide against Pityrosporum and their efficacy as a shampoo in the treatment of experimental pityrosporosis in guinea pigs. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 993–998.
- Rosenberg EW, Belew P, Bale G. Effect of topical applications of heavy suspensions of killed Malassezia ovalis on rabbit skin. Mycopathologia 1980; 72: 147–154.
- Mansfield PD, Boosinger TR, Attleberger MH. Infectivity of Malassezia pachydermatis in the external ear canal of dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1990; 26: 97–100.
- Uchida Y, Mizutani M, Kubo T, Nakade T, Otomo K. Otitis externa induced with Malassezia pachydermatis in dogs and the efficacy of pimaricin. J Vet Med Sci 1992; 54: 611–614.
- van Abbe NJ. The investigation of dandruff. J Soc Cosmetic Chem 1964; 15: 609–630.
- Bond R, Lloyd DH, Plummer JM. Evaluation of a detergent scrub technique for the quantitative culture of Malassezia pachydermatis from canine skin. Res Vet Sci 1995; 58: 133–137.
- Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman and Hall; 1991.
- Guillot J, Chermette R, Gueho E. Prevalence of the genus Malassezia in the Mammalia. J Mycol Medicale 1994; 4: 72–79.
- Faergemann J, Fredriksson T. Experimental infections in rabbits and humans with Pityrosporum orbiculare and P. ovale. J Invest Dermatol 1981; 77: 314–318.
- Gustafson BA. Otitis externa in the Dog. A Bacteriological and Experimental Study. Stockholm: Royal Veterinary College, 1955.
- Chesney CJ. Measurement of skin hydration in normal dogs and in dogs with atopy and a scaling dermatosis. J Small Anim Prac 1995; 36: 305–309. © 2004 SHAM, Medical Mycology, 42, 165- I 75
- Sparkes AH, Stokes CR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ. Experimental Microsporum canis infection in cats: correlation between immunological and clinical observations. J Med Vet Mycol 1995; 33: 177/84.
- Lloyd DH, Noble WC. Dermatophilus congolensis as a model pathogen in mice for the investigation of factors influencing skin infection. Br Vet J 1982; 138: 51/60.
- Lepper AWD. Experimental bovine Trichophyton verrucosum infection. Preliminary clinical, immunological and histological observations in primarily infected and reinnoculated cattle. Res Vet Sci 1972; 13: 105/115.
- Maudlin EA, Scott DW, Miller WH, Smith CA. Malassezia dermatitis in the dog: a retrospective histopathological and immunopathological study of 86 cases (1990/95). Vet Dermatol 1997; 8: 191/202.
- Sohnle PG, Kirkpatrick CH. Epidermal proliferation in the defense against experimental cutaneous candidiasis. J Invest Dermatol 1978; 70: 130/133.
- Schroder JM. Epithelial peptide antibiotics. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 57: 121/134.
- Barker JNW. Epidermis as a pro-inflammatory organ. In: Bos JD, ed. Skin Immune System (SIS). Cutaneous Immunology and Clinical Immunodermatology. 2nd edn. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997: 339/345.
- Steinhoff M, Brzoska T, Luger TA. Keratinocytes in epidermal immune responses. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 1: 469/ 476. – 2004 ISHAM, Medical Mycology, 42, 165/175 Exposure effects of canine skin to M. pachydermatis 175