Recrudescent cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus gattii (molecular type VGII), over a 13-year period in a Birman cat

References

• Sorrell TC, Ellis DH. Ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans. Rev Iberoam Micol 1997; 14: 42–43
   Google Scholar
• Meyer W, Castañeda A, Jackson S, et al. Molecular typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. Emer Infect Disease 2003; 9: 189–195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik R, Jacobs GJ, Love DN. Cryptococcosis: new perspectives on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management. Consultations in Feline Medicine. vol 4, JR August. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 2001; 39–50
   Google Scholar
• Medleau L, Jacobs GJ, Marks MA. Itraconazole for the treatment of cryptococcosis in cats. J Vet Intern Med 1995; 9: 39–42
   Google Scholar
• Sorrell TC, Chen SCA, Ruma P, et al. Concordance of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis and PCR fingerprinting. J Clin Micro 1996; 34: 1253–1260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliday, C. Analysis of the source of Cryptococcus neofomans var. gattii infection in animals. PhD Thesis, University of Sydney, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Malik R., Wigney DI., Muir, et al. Cryptococcosis in cats: clinical and mycological assessment of 29 cases and evaluation of treatment using orally administered fluconazole. J Medical & Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 133–144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malik R, McPetrie R, Wigney DI, et al. A latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy for cryptococcosis. Aust Vet J 1996; 74: 358–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medleau L, Marks MA, Brown J. Clinical evaluation of a cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination test for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196: 1470–1473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medleau L, Greene CE, Rakich PM. Evaluation of ketoconazole and itraconazole for treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis in cats. Am J Vet Res 1990; 80: 1454–1458
   Google Scholar
• Meyer W, Mitchell TG. Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting in fungi using single primers specific to minisatellites and simple repetitive DNA sequences: strain variation in Cryptococcus neoformans. Electrophoresis 1995; 16: 1648–1656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer W, Marszewska K, Amirmostofian M, et al. Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey. Electrophoresis 1999; 20: 1790–1799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik R, Alderton B, Finlaison D, et al. Cryptococcosis in ferrets: a diverse spectrum of clinical disease. Aust Vet J 2002; 12: 749–754
   Google Scholar
• Tautz D, Schlotterer C. Simple sequences. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1994; 4: 832–837
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker C, Malik R, Canfield PJ. Analysis of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets in cats with naturally-occurring cryptococcosis but differing feline immunodeficiency virus status. Aust Vet J 1995; 72: 93–96
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM. Current and emerging azole antifungal agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12: 40–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries BC, Casadevall A. Serial isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from patients with AIDS differ in virulence for mice. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 1761–1768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzot SP, Mukherjee J, Cherniak R, et al. Microevolution of standard strain of Cryptococcus neoformans resulting in differences in virulence and other phenotypes. Infect Immun 1998; 66: 89–97
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spitzer ED, Spitzer SG, Freundlich LF, et al. Persistence of initial infection in recurrent Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. Lancet 1993; 341: 595–596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmelreich U, Allen C, Dowd S, et al. Identification of metabolites of importance in the pathogenesis of pulmonary cryptococcoma using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Micro Infect 2003; 5: 285–290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campell LT, Fraser JA, Nichols CB, et al. Clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus gattii from Australia that retain sexual fecundity. Euk Cell 2005; 4: 1410–1419
   Google Scholar
• Campbell LT, Currie BJ, Krockenberger M, et al. Clonality and recombination in genetically differentiated subgroups of Cryptococcus gattii. Euk Cell 2005; 4: 1403–1409
   Google Scholar
• Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Nat J Science 2004; 101: 17258–17263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephen C, Lester S, Black W, et al. Multispecies outbreak of cryptococcosis on southern Vancouver island, British Columbia. Can Vet J 2002; 43: 792–794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar