36
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Oral candidiasis of HIV-infected children undergoing sequential HIV therapies

, , , , , & show all
Pages 149-156 | Received 21 Nov 2007, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Krcmery V, Barnes AJ. Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. J Hosp Infect 2002; 50: 243–260
  • Benjamin DK, Jr, Poole C, Steinbach WJ, Rowen JL, Walsh TJ. Neonatal candidemia and end-organ damage: a critical appraisal of the literature using meta-analytic techniques. Pediatrics 2003; 112: 634–640
  • Bodey GP, Mardani M, Hanna HA, et al. The epidemiology of Candida glabrata and Candida albicans fungemia in immunocompromised patients with cancer. Am J Med 2002; 112: 380–385
  • Ashman RB, Papadimitriou JM. Production and function of cytokines in natural and acquired immunity to Candida albicans infection. Microbiol Rev 1995; 59: 646–672
  • Mencacci A, Spaccapelo R, Del Sero G, et al. CD4+ T-helper-cell responses in mice with low-level Candida albicans infection. Infect Immun 1996; 64(12)4907–4914
  • Hazen KC. New and emerging yeast pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 462–478
  • Sullivan DJ, Henman MC, Moran GP, et al. Molecular genetic approaches to identification, epidemiology and taxonomy of non-albicans Candida species. J Med Microbiol 1996; 44: 399–408
  • Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Messer SA, Edmond MB, Wenzel RP. National surveillance of nosocomial blood stream infection due to species of Candida other than Candida albicans: frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibility in the SCOPE Program. SCOPE Participant Group. Surveillance and Control of Pathogens of Epidemiologic. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30: 121–129
  • Melo NR, Taguchi H, Jorge J, et al. Oral Candida flora from Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99: 425–431
  • Cartledge JD, Midgley J, Gazzard BG. Non-albicans oral candidosis in HIV-positive patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 43: 419–422
  • Barchiesi F, Morbiducci V, Ancarani F, Scalise G. Emergence of oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by non-albicans species of Candida in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Epidemiol 1993; 9: 455–456
  • Nguyen MH PJ, Jr, Morris AJ, Tanner DC, et al. The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance. Am J Med 1996; 100: 617–623
  • Sobel JD, Ohmit SE, Schuman P, et al. The evolution of Candida species and fluconazole susceptibility among oral and vaginal isolates recovered from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 286–293
  • Dronda F, Alonso-Sanz M, Laguna F, et al. Mixed oropharyngeal candidiasis due to Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida strains in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15: 446–452
  • Hoegl L, Thoma-Greber E, Rocken M, Korting HC. Persistent oral candidosis by non-albicans Candida strains including Candida glabrata in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient observed over a period of 6 years. Mycoses 1998; 41: 335–338
  • Korting HC, Schaller M, Eder G, et al. Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase inhibitors saquinavir and indinavir on in vitro activities of secreted aspartyl proteinases of Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 2038–2042
  • Cassone A, De Bernardis F, Torosantucci A, et al. In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 448–453
  • Nho S, Anderson MJ, Moore CB, Denning DW. Species differentiation by internally transcribed spacer PCR and HhaI digestion of fluconazole-resistant Candida krusei, Candida inconspicua, and Candida norvegensis strains. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 1036–1039
  • Chakrabarti A, Ghosh A, Batra R, et al. Antifungal susceptibility pattern of non-albicans Candida species & distribution of species isolated from Candidaemia cases over a 5 year period. Indian J Med Res 1996; 104: 171–176
  • Collin B, Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH. Antifungal resistance in non- albicans Candida species. Drug Resist Updat 1999; 2: 9–14
  • Fidel PL, Jr, Vazquez JA, Sobel JD. Candida glabrata: review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical disease with comparison to C. albicans. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12: 80–96
  • Colombo AL, Perfect J, DiNubile M, et al. Global distribution and outcomes for Candida species causing invasive candidiasis: results from an international randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22: 470–474
  • Migliorati CA, Birman EG, Cury AE. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients under treatment with protease inhibitors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004; 98: 301–310
  • Tacconelli E, Bertagnolio S, Posteraro B, et al. Azole susceptibility patterns and genetic relationship among oral Candida strains isolated in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 31: 38–44
  • Markowitz M, Saag M, Powderly WG, et al. A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1534–1539
  • De Bernardis F, Boccanera M, Rainaldi L, et al. The secretion of aspartyl proteinase, a virulence enzyme, by isolates of Candida albicans from the oral cavity of HIV-infected subjects. Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8: 362–367
  • Abad-Zapatero C, Goldman R, Muchmore SW, et al. Structure of a secreted aspartic protease from C. albicans complexed with a potent inhibitor: implications for the design of antifungal agents. Protein Sci 1996; 5: 640–652
  • Bein M, Schaller M, Korting HC. The secreted aspartic proteinases as a new target in the therapy of candidiasis. Curr Drug Targets 2002; 3: 351–357
  • Beighton D, Ludford R, Clark DT, et al. Use of CHROMagar Candida medium for isolation of yeasts from dental samples. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 3025–3027
  • Pindborg JJ, Williams DM. [An update of the classification and of the diagnostic criteria of oral lesions in HIV infection. The European Economic Community (EEC) and the Collaborative Center of the World Health Organization for the Oral Manifestations of HIV Infection]. Minerva Stomatol 1993; 42: 223–227
  • Axell T, Samaranayake LP, Reichart PA, Olsen I. A proposal for reclassification of oral candidosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 84: 111–112
  • Ramos-Gomez FJ, Petru A, Hilton JF, et al. Oral manifestations and dental status in paediatric HIV infection. Int J Paediatr Dent 2000; 10: 3–11
  • Sandven P. Laboratory identification and sensitivity testing of yeast isolates. Acta Odontol Scand 1990; 48: 27–36
  • Sano A, Vilela MMS, Takahashi I, et al. Isolation of Candida dubliniensis from the oral cavity of an HIV-positive child from Brazil. Jap J Med Mycol 2000; 3: 57–59
  • Kievits T, van Gemen B, van Strijp D, et al. NASBA isothermal enzymatic in vitro nucleic acid amplification optimized for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. J Virol Methods 1991; 35: 273–286
  • Albert J, Fenyo EM. Simple, sensitive, and specific detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction with nested primers. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1560–1564
  • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts. Wayne, PA: NCCLS document M27-2A; 2002.
  • Zaugg C, Borg-Von Zepelin M, Reichard U, Sanglard D, Monod M. Secreted aspartic proteinase family of Candida tropicalis. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 405–412
  • Schoofs AG, Odds FC, Colebunders R, Ieven M, Goossens H. Cross-sectional study of oral Candida carriage in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive population: predisposing factors, epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility. Mycoses 1998; 41: 203–211
  • Ceballos-Salobrena A, Gaitan-Cepeda LA, Ceballos-Garcia L, Lezama-Del Valle D. Oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment including protease inhibitors: a new face of oral AIDS?. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2000; 14: 627–635
  • Frezzini C, Leao JC, Porter S. Current trends of HIV disease of the mouth. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34: 513–531
  • Muller FM, Groll AH, Walsh TJ. Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections in children infected with human immuno deficiency virus. Eur J Pediatr 1999; 158: 187–199
  • Muller FM, Weig M, Peter J, Walsh TJ. Azole cross-resistance to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole in clinical Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected children with oropharyngeal candidosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46: 338–340

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.