Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcusgattii from trunk hollows of living trees in Buenos Aires City, Argentina

References

• Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennet JE. Cryptococcosis. Medical Mycology, KJ Kwon-Chung, JE. Bennet. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1992; 397–446
   Google Scholar
• Kwon-Chung KJ, Boekhout T, Fell JW, Diaz M. Proposal to conserve the name Cryptococcus gattii against C. hondurianus and C. bacillisporus (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes Tremellomycetidae). Taxon 2002; 51: 1471–1481
   Google Scholar
• Barrie FR. Report of the General Committee: 9. Taxon. 2006; 55: 1471–1481
   Google Scholar
• Gams W. Report of the Committee for Fungi: 12. Taxon. 2005; 54: 520–522
   Google Scholar
• Franzot SP, Salkin IF, Casadevall A. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans sero-type A isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 838–840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bovers M, Hagen F, Kuramae EE, et al. Unique hybrids between the fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 6: 599–607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennet JE. Epidemiologic differences between the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 123–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazera MS, Salmito Cavalcanti MA, Londero AT, et al. Possible primary ecological niche of Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Mycol 2000; 38: 379–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baró T, Torres-Rodriguez JM, Morera Y, et al. Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1170–1172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dromer F, Mathoulin S, Dupont B, et al. Individual and environmental factors associated with infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23: 91–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenbergen JN, Casadevall A. Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) isolates in New York City. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 1974–1976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortorano AM, Viviani MA, Rigoni AL, Cogliati M, Pagano A. Prevalence of serotype D in Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from HIV positive and HIV negative patients in Italy. Mycoses 1997; 40: 297–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canteros CE, Brudny M, Rodero L, Perrotta D, Davel G. Distribución de los serotipos de Cryptococcus neoformans asociados a infecciones humanas en Argentina. Rev Arg Microbiol 2002; 34: 213–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sorrel TC. Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Med Mycol 2001; 39: 155–168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE. High prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in tropical and subtropical regions. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg 1984; 257: 213–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meyer W, Castañeda A, Jackson S, et al. Molecular typing of iberoamerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 189–195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davel G, Abrantes R, Brudny M, et al. Primer aislamiento ambiental de Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii en Argentina. Rev Arg Microbiol 2003; 35: 110–112
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1642–1644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer TJ, Ellis DH. Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from California. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 929–930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer TJ, Ellis DH. Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus terricornis. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 407–408
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Khan ZU. Decayed wood of Syzygium cumini and Ficus religiosa living trees in Delhi/New Delhi metropolitan area as natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Mycol 2003; 41: 199–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilcins I, Krockenberger M, Agus H, Carter D. Environmental sampling for Cryptococcus var. gattii from the blue Mountains National Park, Sydney Australia. Med Mycol 2002; 40: 53–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazéra MS, Cavalcanti MAS, Trilles L, Nishikawa MM, Wanke B. Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii – evidence for a natural habitat related to decaying wood in a pottery tree hollow. Med Mycol 1998; 36: 119–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callejas A, Ordoñez N, Rodriguez MC, Castañeda E. First isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, serotype C, from the environment in Colombia. Med Mycol 1998; 36: 341–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 17258–17263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boekhout T, Theleen B, Diaz MR, et al. Hibrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology 2001; 147: 891–907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt ME, Hurtwagner LC, Kuykendall RJ, Pinner RW. Cryptococcal disease active surveillance group. Comparison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis for molecular subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1890–1895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie BP, Freundlich LF, Casadevall A. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from environmental (pigeon excreta) and clinical sources in New York City. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1188–1192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer W, Marszewska K, Amirmostofian M, et al. Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA – a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey. Electrophoresis 1999; 20: 1790–1799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfect JR, Ketabchi N, Cox GM, Ingram CW, Beiser CL. Karyotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans as an epidemiological tool. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 3305–3309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma A, Swinne D, Staib F, Bennett JE, Kwon-Chung KJ. Diversity of DNA fingerprints in Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1807–1814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtzman CP, Fell JW. The Yeast, A Taxonomic Study4th edn. Elsevier Science Publisher B.V, Amsterdam 1998
   Google Scholar
• Möller EM, Bahnweg G, Sandermann H, Geiger HH. A simple and efficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from filamentous fungi, fruit bodies, and infected plant tissues. Nucleic Acid Res 1992; 20: 6115–6116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer W, Mitchell TG, Freedman EZ, Vilgalys R. Hybridization probes for conventional DNA fingerprinting used as single primers in the polymerase chain reaction to distinguish strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 2274–2280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ. Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Lancet 1990; 336: 923–925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restrepo A, Baumgardner DJ, Bagagli E, et al. Clues to the presence of pathogenic fungi in certain environments. Med Mycol. 2000; 38(Suppl. 1)67–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Preeti Sinha K, et al. Distribution of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans in decayed trunk wood of Syzygium cumini trees in north-western India. Med Mycol 2006; 44: 623–630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igreja RP, Dos Santos Lazéra M, Wanke B, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from AIDS patients of the Brazilian city, Río de Janeiro. Med Mycol 2004; 42: 229–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escandón P, Sánchez A, Martínez M, Meyer W, Castañeda E. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex reveals a high genetic diversity and the presence of the molecular type VGII mating type a in Colombia. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 6: 625–635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar