Impact of Medicaid prescription copayments on use of antipsychotics and other medications in patients with schizophrenia

References

• Bruen B, Young K. Paying for prescribed drugs in Medicaid: current policy and upcoming changes. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2014. Available at: http://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/paying-for-prescribed-drugs-in-medicaid-current-policy-and-upcoming-changes/. [Last accessed 5 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Lehman AF, Lieberman JA, Dixon LB, et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thieda P, Beard S, Richter A, et al. An economic review of compliance with medication therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psych Serv 2003;54:508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiden PJ, Zygmunt A. The road back: working with the severly mentally ill. Medication noncompliance in schizophrenia: I. assessment. J Pract Psychiatry Behav Health 1997:106-10
   Google Scholar
• Kane JM. Commentary on the schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) studies. Schizophr Bull 1998;24:20-3
   Google Scholar
• Kane JM, Marder SR. Psychopharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1993;19:287-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JM, Gierl B. Pharmacological treatment in the care of schizophrenic patients. In: Bellack AS, editor. Treatment and care for schizophrenia. Orlando: Grune & Stratton; 1984
   Google Scholar
• Weiden PJ, Kozma C, Grogg A, et al. Partial compliance and risk of rehospitalization among California Medicaid patients with schizophrenia. Psych Serv 2004;55:886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeber JE, Grazier KL, Valenstein M, et al. Effect of a medication copayment increase in veterans with schizophrenia. Am J Manag Care 2007;13:335-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung DM, Carlson MJ, Kraemer DF, et al. Impact of a Medicaid copayment policy on prescription drug and health services utilization in a fee-for service Medicaid population. Med Care 2008;46:565-72
   Google Scholar
• Gibson TB, Jing Y, Kim E, et al. Cost-sharing effects on adherence and persistence for second-generation antipsychotics in commercially insured patients. Manag Care 2010;19:40-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim E, Gupta S, Bolge S, et al. Adherence and outcomes associated with copayment burden in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional survey. J Med Econ 2010;13:185-92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown JD, Barrett A, Caffery E, et al. Medication continuity among Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psych Serv 2013;64:878-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaykin E, Eaton WW, Ford DE, et al. Health insurance coverage among persons with schizophrenia in the United States. Psych Serv 2010;61:830-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringen PA, Engh JA, Birkenaes AB, et al. Increased mortality in schizophrenia due to cardiovascular disease - a non-systematic review of epidemiology, possible causes, and interventions. Front Psychiatry 2014;5:137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennekens CH, Hennekens AR, Hollar D, et al. Schizophrenia and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2005;150:1115-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carney CP, Jones L, Woolson RF. Medical comorbidity in women and men with schizophrenia: a population-based controlled study. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:1133-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, et al. Comorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: a Swedish national cohort study. Am J Psychiatry 2013;170:324-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correll CU, Nielsen J. Antipsychotic-associated all-cause and cardiac mortality: what should we worry about and how should the risk be assessed? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010;122:341-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell AJ, Lord O. Do deficits in cardiac care influence high mortality rates in schizophrenia? A systematic review and pooled analysis. J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:69-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druss BG, Bradford WD, Rosenheck RA, et al. Quality of medical care and excess mortality in older patients with mental disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:565-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li P, McElligott S, Bergquist H, et al. Effect of the Medicare Part D coverage gap on medication use among patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:776, 84, W-263, W-264, W-265, W-266, W-267, W-268, W-269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen K. Copayments did not reduce Medicaid enrollees’ nonemergency use of emergency departments. Health Aff 2010;29:1643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurie N, Popkin M, Dysken M, et al. Accuracy of diagnoses of schizophrenia in Medicaid claims. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992;43:69-71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hennessy S, Leonard CE, Palumbo CM, et al. Quality of Medicaid and Medicare data obtained through Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Med Care 2007;45:1216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzin J, Boulanger L, Friedman M, et al. Treatment adherence associated with conventional and atypical antipsychotics in a large state Medicaid program. Psych Serv 2003;54:719-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson AM, Nau DP, Cramer JA, et al. A checklist for medication compliance and persistence studies using retrospective databases. Value Health 2007;10:3-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge JM. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press; 2002
   Google Scholar
• Allison PD. Fixed effects regression methods for longitudinal data using SAS. NC: SAS Publishing; 2005
   Google Scholar
• Robst J, Levy JM, Ingber MJ. Diagnosis-based risk adjustment for Medicare prescription drug plan payments. Health Care Financ Rev 2007;28:15-30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wrobel M, Doshi J, Stuart B, et al. Predictability of drug expenditures for Medicare beneficiaries. Health Care Financ Rev 2003;25:37-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart B, Doshi J, Briesacher B, et al. Impact of prescription coverage on hospital and physician costs: a case study of Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Ther 2004;26:1688-99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart B, Briesacher B, Doshi J, et al. Will Part D produce savings in Part A and Part B? the impact of prescription drug coverage on Medicare program expenditures. Inquiry 2007;44:146-56
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernew M, Gibson TB, Yu-Isenberg K, et al. Effects of increased patient cost sharing on socioeconomic disparities in health care. J Gen Intern Med 2008;23:1131-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenstein M, Copeland LA, Blow FC, et al. Pharmacy data identify poorly adherent patients with schizophrenia at increased risk for admission. Med Care 2002;40:630-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) investigators. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1209-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, et al. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis SW, Barnes TRE, Davies L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of effect of prescription of clozapine versus other second-generation antipsychotic drugs in resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2006;32:715-23
   Google Scholar
• Jones PB, Barnes TRE, Davies L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: Cost utility of the latest antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia study (CUtLASS 1). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:1079-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank RG, Goldman HH, McGuire TG. A model mental health benefit in private health insurance. Health Aff (Millwood) 1992;11:98-117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Escarce JJ, et al. Pharmacy benefits and the use of drugs by the chronically ill. JAMA 2004;291:2344-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beary M, Hodgson R, Wildgust HJ. A critical review of major mortality risk factors for all-cause mortality in first-episode schizophrenia: clinical and research implications. J Psychopharmacol 2012;26:52-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen TM, Nordentoft M. Heart disease treatment and mortality in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder - changes in the Danish population between 1994 and 2006. J Psychiatr Res 2011;45:29-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahlman C, Stuart B, Zacker C. Community pharmacist knowledge and behavior in collecting drug copayments from Medicaid recipients. Am J of Health-Syst Pharm 2001;58:389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Deficit reduction act of 2005: implications for Medicaid. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2006. Available at: https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/7465.pdf. [Last accessed 5 July 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Park E. Medicaid per capita cap would shift costs and risks to states and harm millions of beneficiaries. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; 2017. Available at: http://www.cbpp.org/research/health/medicaid-per-capita-cap-would-shift-costs-and-risks-to-states-and-harm-millions-of). [Last accessed 6 July 2017]
   Google Scholar