Evaluation of four disease management programs: evidence from blue cross blue shield of Louisiana

References

• Milani RV, Bober RM, Lavie CJ. The role of technology in chronic disease care. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;58(6):579–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttorff C, Ruder T, Bauman M. Multiple chronic conditions in the United States. Santa Monica: California RAND Corporation; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin RM. Medication adherence: helping patients take their medicines as directed. Public Health Rep. 2012;127(1):2–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis CP. The 18 Most Expensive U.S. Medical Conditions 2017. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/costs_medical_conditions.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin EJ, On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee, Muntner P, Alonso A, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56–e528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association AD. The Burden of Diabetes in Louisiana 2016. [cited 2019]. Available from: http://main.diabetes.org/dorg/PDFs/Advocacy/burden-of-diabetes/louisiana.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. Kidney Disease Mortality by State: 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/kidney_disease_mortality/kidney_disease.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Fang J, Gillespie C, Ayala C, et al. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension and antihypertensive medication use among adults aged >/=18 years – United States, 2011–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(7):219–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan J, Pravosud V, Mannino DM, et al. National and State Estimates of COPD Morbidity and Mortality – United States, 2014–2015. J Copd F. 2018;5(4):324–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obesity So. The State of Obesity in Louisiana2017. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://stateofobesity.org/states/la/
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: a Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(12):e67–e492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckel N, Meidtner K, Kalle-Uhlmann T, et al. Metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(9):956–966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease. What is the Impact of Chronic Disease on Louisiana? 2015. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.fightchronicdisease.org/sites/default/files/download/PFCD_LA_FactSheet_FINAL1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9811):165–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1269–1324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. FastStats: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/default.htm.
   Google Scholar
• National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Asthma Care Quick Reference: Guidelines from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3)2012. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthma_qrg.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Maruthur NM, Wang NY, Appel LJ. Lifestyle interventions reduce coronary heart disease risk: results from the PREMIER *Trial. Circulation. 2009;119(15):2026–2031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hisashige A. The effectiveness and efficiency of disease management programs for patients with chronic diseases. Glob J Health Sci. 2012;5(2):27–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Powell Davies G, Williams AM, Larsen K, et al. Coordinating primary health care: an analysis of the outcomes of a systematic review. Med J Aust. 2008;188(S8):S65–S68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattke S, Seid M, Ma S. Evidence for the effect of disease management: is $1 billion a year a good investment? Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(12):670–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bruin SR, Heijink R, Lemmens LC, et al. Impact of disease management programs on healthcare expenditures for patients with diabetes, depression, heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of the literature. Health Policy. 2011;101(2):105–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynn LG, Murphy AW, Smith SM, et al. Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;17(3):CD005182.
   Google Scholar
• Dimick JB, Ryan AM. Methods for evaluating changes in health care policy: the difference-in-differences approach. JAMA. 2014;312(22):2401–2402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT®13.1 User’s Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Kogut SJ, Johnson S, Higgins T, et al. Evaluation of a program to improve diabetes care through intensified care management activities and diabetes medication copayment reduction. JMCP. 2012;18(4):297–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littenberg B, MacLean CD, Zygarowski K, et al. The Vermedx Diabetes Information System reduces healthcare utilization. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(3):166–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao FF, Fung CSC, Wan EYF, et al. Five-Year Cost-effectiveness of the multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM). Dia Care. 2018;41(2):250–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SA, Shah ND, Bryant SC, et al. Chronic care model and shared care in diabetes: randomized trial of an electronic decision support system. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(7):747–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang ES, Zhang Q, Brown SE, et al. The cost-effectiveness of improving diabetes care in U.S. federally qualified community health centers. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(6p1):2174–2193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitch K, Pyenson BS, Iwasaki K. Medical claim cost impact of improved diabetes control for medicare and commercially insured patients with type 2 diabetes. JMCP. 2013;19(8):609–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horny M, Glover W, Gupte G, et al. Patient navigation to improve diabetes outpatient care at a safety-net hospital: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):759.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lian JX, McGhee SM, Chau J, et al. Systematic review on the cost-effectiveness of self-management education programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;127:21–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes A. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S61–S70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherwani SI, Khan HA, Ekhzaimy A, et al. Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients. Biomark Insights. 2016;11:95–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan HA, Sobki SH, Khan SA. Association between glycaemic control and serum lipids profile in type 2 diabetic patients: HbA1c predicts dyslipidaemia. Clin Expermed. 2007;7(1):24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Britton KA, Pradhan AD, Gaziano JM, et al. Hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and the risk of hypertension in women. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24(3):328–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidorov J, Shull R, Tomcavage J, et al. Does diabetes disease management save money and improve outcomes? A report of simultaneous short-term savings and quality improvement associated with a health maintenance organization-sponsored disease management program among patients fulfilling health employer data and information set criteria. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(4):684–689.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National Health Expenditures 2017 Highlights 2017. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/highlights.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). About Chronic Disease: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019. [cited 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Adams RJ, Smith BJ, Ruffin RE. Factors associated with hospital admissions and repeat emergency department visits for adults with asthma. Thorax. 2000;55(7):566–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Jahdali H, Anwar A, Al-Harbi A, et al. Factors associated with patient visits to the emergency department for asthma therapy. BMC Pulm Med. 2012;12(1):80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suruki RY, Daugherty JB, Boudiaf N, et al. The frequency of asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization in patients with asthma from the UK and USA. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirce S, Melero C, Huerta A, et al. Economic impact of severe asthma exacerbations in Spain: multicentre observational study. J Asthma. 2019;17:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson PG, Powell H, Coughlan J, et al. Self-management education and regular practitioner review for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD001117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar