References
- Pick H, Daniel P, Rodrigo C, et al. Pneumococcal serotype trends, surveillance and risk factors in UK adult pneumonia, 2013–18. Thorax. 2020;75(1):38–49.
- Sharp A, Minaji M, Panagiotopoulos N, et al. Estimating the burden of adult hospital admissions due to RSV and other respiratory pathogens in England. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2021;16(1):125–131.
- Rodrigo C, Bewick T, Sheppard C, et al. Impact of infant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on serotypes in adult pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(6):1632–1641.
- Campling J, Jones D, Chalmers JD, et al. The impact of certain underlying comorbidities on the risk of developing hospitalised pneumonia in England. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2019;11(1):4.
- Office for National Statistics. Deaths due to pneumonia; 2020. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/search?q=pneumonia%20statistics.
- Rozenbaum MH, van Hoek AJ, Fleming D, et al. Vaccination of risk groups in England using the 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: economic analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e6879.
- van Hoek AJ, Choi YH, Trotter C, et al. The cost-effectiveness of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for infants in England. Vaccine. 2012;30(50):7205–7213.
- van Hoek AJ, Miller E. Cost-Effectiveness of vaccinating immunocompetent ≥65 year olds with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in England. PLOS One. 2016;11(2):e0149540.
- NHS. National tariff payment system: national prices and prices for emergency care services. 2019. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/national-tariff-payment-system-documents-annexes-and-supporting-documents/.
- Jones D, Campling J, Ellsbury G, et al. Establishing the cost of hospitalised community acquired pneumonia (CAP): a hospital episode statistics (HES) analysis. Thorax. 2017;72(S3):A116.
- NHS Digital. Hospital episode statistics (HES); 2021. Available from: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-tools-and-services/data-services/hospital-episode-statistics.
- Department of Health Payment by Results Team. A simple guide to payment by results. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213150/PbR-Simple-Guide-FINAL.pdf.
- World Health Organisation. International statistical classification of diseases and health problems ICD-102016; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases.
- Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. OPCS-4 classification of interventions and procedures; 2022. Available from: https://datadictionary.nhs.uk/supporting_information/opcs_classification_of_interventions_and_procedures.html.
- Grant LR, Slack MPE, Yan Q, et al. The epidemiologic and biologic basis for classifying older age as a high-risk, immunocompromising condition for pneumococcal vaccine policy. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021;20(6):691–615.
- British Thoracic Society. National audit report: adult community acquired pneumonia audit 2018–2019 national audit period: 1 December 2018 – 31 January 2019; 2019. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/quality-improvement/audit-reports/adult-community-acquired-pneumonia-201819/.
- Campling J, Jones D, Chalmers J, et al. Clinical and financial burden of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia in patients with selected underlying comorbidities in England. BMJ Open Resp Res. 2020;7(1):e000703.
- Park CM, Kim W, Rhim HC, et al. Frailty and hospitalization-associated disability after pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):111.
- Bartlett B, Ludewick HP, Lee S, et al. Cardiovascular complications following pneumonia: focus on pneumococcus and heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2019;34(2):233–239.
- Corrales-Medina VF, Alvarez KN, Weissfeld LA, et al. Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2015;313(3):264–274.
- Personal Social Services Research Unit. Unit costs of health and social care; 2022. Available from: https://www.pssru.ac.uk/project-pages/unit-costs/.
- Department of Health and Social Care. National schedule of reference costs 2008–09 for NHS Trusts; 2010. Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/@ps/documents/digitalasset/dh_111607.xls.
- Department of Health and Social Care. National schedule of reference costs 2009–10 for NHS Trusts; 2011. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216308/dh_123455.xls.
- Department of Health and Social Care. National schedule of reference costs - year 2013–14 – NHS Trusts and NHS Foundation Trusts (FCE); 2014. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/397469/03a_2013-14_National_Schedule_-_CF-NET_updated.xls.
- Department of Health and Social Care. Spell level data: national schedule of reference costs 2013–14 data for NHS Trusts and NHS Foundation Trusts; 2014. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/380038/03b_2013-14_National_Schedule_-_Spells.xls.
- Herbert A, Wijlaars L, Zylbersztejn A, et al. Data resource profile: hospital episode statistics admitted patient care (HES APC). Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(4):1093–1093.
- Daniel P, Bewick T, Welham S, et al. Adults miscoded and misdiagnosed as having pneumonia: results from the British Thoracic Society pneumonia audit. Thorax. 2017;72(4):376–379.