Consequences of India’s population aging to its healthcare financing and provision

References

• Raychaudhuri GS. On some estimates of national income: Indian economy 1858–1947. Econ Polit Wkly. 1996;1(16):673–679.
   Google Scholar
• Statista [Internet]. Life expectancy (from birth) in India from 1800 to 2020; 2022 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041383/life-expectancy-india-all-time/
   Google Scholar
• World Bank [Internet]. Washington (DC): The World Bank. 2022 [cited 2022 Jul 19]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/country/IN
   Google Scholar
• Chanana HB, Talwar PP. Aging in India: its socioeconomic and health implications. Asia Pac Popul J. 1987;2(3):23–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee S, Mason A, Park D. Why does population aging matter so much for Asia? Population aging, economic growth, and economic security in Asia. Manila: Asian Development Bank; 2011. (ADB Economics Working Paper Series; Report number 284).
   Google Scholar
• Irshad CV, Dash U. Healthy aging in India: evidence from a panel study. JHR. 2022;36(4):714–724.
   Google Scholar
• Thiyagarajan JA, Mikton C, Harwood RH, et al. The UN decade of healthy ageing: strengthening measurement for monitoring health and wellbeing of older people. Age Ageing. 2022;51:1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis K. Foreward. New York (NY): Routledge Library; 2022. p. viii.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom D, Canning D, Rosenberg L. Demographic change and economic growth in South Asia. Cambridge (MA): Harvard School of Public Health; 2011. (Program on the Global Demography of Aging; PGDA Working Paper No. 67).
   Google Scholar
• Ram U, Ram F. Demographic transition in India: insights into population growth, composition, and its major drivers. Glob Public Health. 2021. DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.223
   Google Scholar
• Census India [Internet]. New Delhi: Government of India; 2011 [cited 2022 Aug 3]. Available from: https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/
   Google Scholar
• UN. World population prospect. Washington (DC): United Nations: Population Division; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Registrar General of India [Internet]. New Delhi: Government of India; 2022 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/node/294
   Google Scholar
• Mason A. Demographic transition and demographic dividends in developed and developing countries. United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Social and Economic Implications of Changing Population Aging Structure; 2005 Aug 31; Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Ladusingh L, Narayana MR. Chapter 7, aging, economic growth, and old-age security in Asia. In: Demographic dividends for India: evidence and implications based on national transfer accounts. Cheltenham, UK; MA, USA; Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.; 2012. p. 203–230.
   Google Scholar
• Golley J, Tyers R. Demographic dividends, dependencies, and economic growth in China and India. Asian Econ Pap. 2012;11(3):1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason A, Lee R, Abrigo M, et al. Support ratios and demographic dividends: estimates for the world. New York (NY): United Nations Population Division; 2017. (Technical Paper No. 2017/1).
   Google Scholar
• Nagar P, Dhawan A. Economic advantages of demographic dividend: the case for India. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res. 2018;8(6):1230–1241.
   Google Scholar
• Navaneetham K, Dharmalingam A. Age structural transitions, demographic dividends and millennium development goals in South Asia: opportunities and challenges. XXVI IUSSP International Population Conference; 2009; Morocco.
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal A, Lubet A, Mitgang E, et al. Chapter 9, population change and the impact in Asia and the Pacific. In: Population aging in India: facts, issues, and options. Tokyo: Springer; 2020. p. 201–220.
   Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic M. The aging of Europe. The unexplored potential. Farmeconomia. 2015;16(4):89–92.
   Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic MM, Netz Y, Buttigieg SC, et al. Population aging and migration – history and UN forecasts in the EU-28 and its east and south near neighborhood – one century perspective 1950–2050. Glob Health. 2018;14(30):1–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balachandran A, de-Beer J, James KS, et al. Comparison of population aging in Europe and Asia using a time-consistent and comparative aging measure. J Aging Health. 2020;32(5–6):340–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastavaa A, Saikia N. Aging in India: comparison of conventional and prospective measures, 2011. medRxiv. 2022:1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Marois G, Zhelenkova E, Ali B. Labour force projections in India until 2060 and implications for the demographic dividend. Soc Indic Res. 2022;164(1):477–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajan S. Implications of population aging with special focus on social protection for elderly persons in South Asia. Indian J Hum Dev. 2008;2(1):203–221.
   Google Scholar
• Sahoo H, Govil D, James K, et al. Health issues, health care utilization and health care expenditure among elderly in India: thematic review of literature. Aging Health Res. 2021;1(2):100012–100017.
   Google Scholar
• Rajan S. Population aging and health in India. Mumbai: Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes (CEHAT); 2006 [cited 2022 Jul 28]. Available from: https://www.cehat.org/cehat/uploads/files/ageing(1).pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO [Internet]. Feature stories: India; 2021 [cited 2022 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/india/news/feature-stories/detail/a-push-to-vaccinate-every-child-everywhere-ended-polio-in-india#:∼:text=Within%20two%20decades%2C%20India%20received,Bengal%20on%2013%20January%202011
   Google Scholar
• Smith R, Correa C, Oh C. Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals. Lancet. 2009;373(9664):684–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedron P, Bagchi-Sen P. US market entry processes of emerging multinationals: a case of Indian pharmaceuticals. Appl Geogr. 2011;31(2):721–730.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohiuddin M, Mazumder M, Chrysostome E, et al. Relocating high-tech industries to emerging markets: case of pharmaceutical industry outsourcing to India. Transnatl Corp Rev. 2017;9(3):201–217.
   Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic M, Liu Y, Cerda Y, et al. The global south political economy of health financing and spending landscape – history and presence. J Med Econ. 2021;24(sup1):25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom DE, Sekher TV, Lee J. Longitudinal aging study in India (LASI): new data resources for addressing aging in India. Nat Aging. 2021;1(12):1070–1072.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kluwer W. Communicable or noncommunicable diseases? Building strong primary health care systems to address the double burden of disease in India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(2):326–329.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO. Burden of NCDs and their risk factors in India. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Romaniuk P, Poznanska A, Brukało K, et al. Health system outcomes in BRICS countries and their association with the economic context. Front Public Health. 2020;8:80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel V, Parikh R, Nandraj S, et al. Assuring health coverage for all in India. Lancet. 2015;386(10011):2422–2435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallya P. Health in India: need for a paradigm shift. Procedia Soc. 2012;37:111–122.
   Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic M. Comparison of historical medical spending patterns among the BRICS and G7. J Med Econ. 2016;19(1):70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behera D, Dash U. Healthcare financing in south-east Asia: does fiscal capacity matter? Int J Healthc Manag. 2018;13(1):375–384.
   Google Scholar
• Pradhan J, Dwivedi R, Pati S, et al. Does spending matters? Re-looking into various covariates associated with out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) and catastrophic spending on the accidental injury from NSSO 71st round data. Health Econ Rev. 2017;7(1):48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rout S, Choudhury S. Does public health system provide adequate financial risk protection to its clients? Out of pocket expenditure on inpatient care at secondary level public health institutions: causes and determinants in an eastern Indian state. Int J Health Plan Manage. 2018;33(2):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon S. Health care financing in Asia: key issues and challenges. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2011;23(5):651–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marten R, McIntyre D, Travassos C, et al. An assessment of progress towards universal health coverage in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Lancet. 2014;384(9960):2164–2171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic M, Lamnisos D, Westerman R, et al. Future health spending forecast in leading emerging BRICS markets in 2030: health policy implications. Health Res Policy Syst. 2022;20(23):1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Younger D. Health care in India. Neurol Clin. 2016;34(4):1103–1114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaropoulos L, Goranitis I. Health care financing and the sustainability of health systems. Int J Equity Health. 2015;14:80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauttam P, Patel P, Singh B, et al. Public health policy of India and COVID-19: diagnosis and prognosis of the combating response. Sustain. 2021;13(6):3415–3418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duflo E, Banerjee A, Schilbach F, et al. Aging and health in India: a longitudinal study and an experimental platform. Cambridge, MA: Jameel Abdul Lateef Poverty Action Lab; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic MB. Resource allocation strategies in southeastern European health policy. Eur J Health Econ. 2013;14(2):153–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath S, Yu P, Srinivas S. Challenges of non-communicable diseases and sustainable development of China and India. Acta Ecol Sin. 2018;38(2):117–125.
   Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic M, Jakab M, Gerdtham U, et al. Comparative financing analysis and political economy of noncommunicable diseases. J Med Econ. 2019;22(8):722–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beattie A. EDI health policy seminar. Johannesburg: World Bank; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Rout HS. Socio-economic factors and household health expenditure: the case of Orissa. J Health Manag. 2008;10(1):101–118.
   Google Scholar
• Verma R, Khanna P. National program of health-care for the elderly in India: a hope for healthy ageing. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(10):1103–1107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathur A. Ageing issues in India: practices, perspectives and policies. In: Geriatric practice: its status in India. Singapore: Springer; 2022. p. 157–170.
   Google Scholar
• National Health Authority [Internet]. Government of India; 2017 [cited 2022 Jul 30]. Available from: https://nha.gov.in/PM-JAY
   Google Scholar
• Goel A, Kaur A. The state of elderly in India: life and challenges in the decade of healthy aging. Indian J Public Health. 2022;66(1):1–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakovljevic M, Sugahara T, Timofeyev Y, et al. Predictors of (in)efficiencies of healthcare expenditure among the leading Asian economies – comparison of OECD and Non-OECD nations. Risk Manag Healthc Policy; 2020;13:2261–2280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranabhat CL, Jakovljevic M, Dhimal M, et al. Structural factors responsible for universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries: results from 118 countries. Front Public Health. 2020;7:414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar