Out-of-pocket cost by cancer stage at diagnosis in commercially insured patients in the United States

References

• Lifetime Risk of Developing or Dying from Cancer. American Cancer Society; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Cancer Facts & Figures 2022. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Mariotto AB, Enewold L, Zhao J, et al. Medical care costs associated with cancer survivorship in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020;29(7):1304–1312. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yabroff KR, Mariotto A, Tangka F, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part 2: patient economic burden associated with cancer care. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113(12):1670–1682. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab192.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dieguez G, Ferro C, Pyenson BS. A multi-year look at the cost burden of cancer care. Milliman Research Report; 2017. Available from: https://www.milliman.com/en/insight/2017/a-multi-year-look-at-the-cost-burden-of-cancer-care
   Google Scholar
• Mudaranthakam DP, Wick J, Calhoun E, et al. Financial burden among cancer patients: a national-level perspective. Cancer Med. 2023;12(4):4638–4646. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrimore J, Dodini S, Thomas L. Report on the economic well-being of U.S. households in 2015. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Report. 2016. Available from: https://www.federalreserve.gov/2015-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201605.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chino F, Zafar SY. Financial toxicity and equitable access to clinical trials. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019;39:11–18. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_100019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dusetzina SB, Winn AN, Abel GA, et al. Cost sharing and adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(4):306–311. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.9123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenn KM, Evans SB, McCorkle R, et al. Impact of financial burden of cancer on survivors’ quality of life. J Oncol Pract. 2014;10(5):332–338. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2013.001322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kent EE, Forsythe LP, Yabroff KR, et al. Are survivors who report cancer-related financial problems more likely to forgo or delay medical care? Cancer. 2013;119(20):3710–3717. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lathan CS, Cronin A, Tucker-Seeley R, et al. Association of financial strain with symptom burden and quality of life for patients with lung or colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(15):1732–1740. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.2232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu L, Gavin A, Drummond FJ, et al. Cumulative financial stress as a potential risk factor for cancer-related fatigue among prostate cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv. 2021;15(1):1–13. doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00906-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GL, Lopez-Olivo MA, Advani PG, et al. Financial burdens of cancer treatment: a systematic review of risk factors and outcomes. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019;17(10):1184–1192. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2019.7305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan R, Peppercorn J, Sikora K, et al. Delivering affordable cancer care in high-income countries. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(10):933–980. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70141-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafar SY, Peppercorn JM, Schrag D, et al. The financial toxicity of cancer treatment: a pilot study assessing out-of-pocket expenses and the insured cancer patient’s experience. Oncologist. 2013;18(4):381–390. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Z, Han X, Zhao J, et al. Financial hardship, healthcare utilization, and health among U.S. cancer survivors. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(1):68–78. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. Survivor Views: Cancer & Medical Debt [cited 2022 Feb 02]. Available from: https://www.fightcancer.org/policy-resources/survivor-views-cancer-medical-debt#:∼:text=In%20line%20with%20recent%20national,their%20credit%20score%20negatively%20impacted. 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Boulanger M, Mitchell C, Zhong J, et al. Financial toxicity in lung cancer. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1004102. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han X, Zhao J, Zheng Z, et al. Medical financial hardship intensity and financial sacrifice associated with cancer in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020;29(2):308–317. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan AM, Alberts DS, Roe DJ, et al. Death or debt? National estimates of financial toxicity in persons with Newly-Diagnosed cancer. Am J Med. 2018;131(10):1187–1199 e5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Managing Life With Cancer/Covering the Costs of Your Breast Cancer Care. Special Report: The Cost of Breast Cancer Care. Date Accessed: 02 Febrruary. 2022. Available from: https://www.breastcancer.org/managing-life/covering-cost-of-care/cost-of-care-report.
   Google Scholar
• McGarvey N, Gitlin M, Fadli E, et al. Increased healthcare costs by later stage cancer diagnosis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):1155. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08457-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Optum Clinical Natural Language Processing [cited 2021 December 15]. Available from: htps://www.optum.com/content/dam/optum3/optum/en/resources/PDFs/wf2202949-enriched-oncology-data%20article-nlp.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, et al. The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(2):93–99. doi: 10.3322/caac.21388.
   Google Scholar
• NCCN Guidelines: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; 2021. Available from: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/category_1.
   Google Scholar
• Adamo M, Dickie L, Ruhl J. SEER program coding and staging manual 2016. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD.Stat [cited 2022 Feb 02]. Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1967.
   Google Scholar
• Iragorri N, de Oliveira C, Fitzgerald N, et al. The out-of-pocket cost burden of cancer care-a systematic literature review. Curr Oncol. 2021;28(2):1216–1248. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28020117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey S, Blough D, Kirchhoff A, et al. Washington state cancer patients found to be at greater risk for bankruptcy than people without a cancer diagnosis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(6):1143–1152. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doroudi M, Coughlan D, Banegas MP, et al. Is cancer history associated with assets, debt, and net worth in the United States? JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2018;2(2):004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obeng-Gyasi S, Timsina LR, Bhattacharyya O, et al. Bankruptcy among insured surgical patients with breast cancer: who is at risk? Cancer. 2021;127(12):2083–2090. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrams HR, Durbin S, Huang CX, et al. Financial toxicity in cancer care: origins, impact, and solutions. Transl Behav Med. 2021;11(11):2043–2054. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibab091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nipp RD, Lee H, Gorton E, et al. Addressing the financial burden of cancer clinical trial participation: longitudinal effects of an equity intervention. Oncologist. 2019;24(8):1048–1055. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doshi JA, Li P, Huo H, et al. High cost sharing and specialty drug initiation under medicare part D: a case study in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(4 Suppl):S78–S86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershman DL, Tsui J, Meyer J, et al. The change from brand-name to generic aromatase inhibitors and hormone therapy adherence for early-stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(11):dju319. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju319.
   Google Scholar
• Kaisaeng N, Harpe SE, Carroll NV. Out-of-pocket costs and oral cancer medication discontinuation in the elderly. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2014;20(7):669–675. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.7.669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glied SA, Zhu B. Catastrophic out-of-pocket health care costs: a problem mainly for Middle-income americans with employer coverage. Commonwealth Fund; 2020. Available from: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/Glied_catastrophic_OOP_costs_ib.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fu SJ, Rose L, Dawes AJ, et al. Out-of-pocket costs among patients with a new cancer diagnosis enrolled in high-deductible health plans vs traditional insurance. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2134282. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. U.S. Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool, based on 2021 submission data (1999–2019): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute; www.cdc.gov/cancer/dataviz., released in June 2022.
   Google Scholar