The ‘risk gradient’ in policy on children of drug and alcohol users: Framing young people as risky

References

• Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs . 2003 . Hidden Harm: Responding to the Needs of Children of Problem Drug Users , London : Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs .
   Google Scholar
• Al Mamun , A. , O'Callaghan , F. V. , Alati , R. , O'Callaghan , M. , Najman , J. M. Williams , G. M. 2006 . Does maternal smoking during pregnancy predict the smoking patterns of young adult offspring? A birth cohort study . Tobacco Control , 15 : 452 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcohol Concern . 2000 . Britain's Ruin , London : Alcohol Concern .
   Google Scholar
• Bancroft , A. , Wilson , S. , Cunningham-Burley , C. , Backett-Milburn , K. and Masters , H. 2004 . Resilience and Transition: The Experiences of Older Children of Drug and Alcohol Misusing Parents , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Bancroft , A. , Wilson , S. , Cunningham-Burley , S. , Masters , H. and Backett-Milburn , K. 2005 . Children Managing Parental Drug and Alcohol Misuse: Challenging Parent/child Boundaries. Families in Society: Boundaries and Relationships , Bristol : The Policy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , D. J. , ed. 1992 . Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease , London : BMJ Publishing Group .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , J. C. and Hunt , G. 2004 . Representations of family: A review of the alcohol and drug literature . International Journal of Drug Policy , 15 : 347 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnard , M. 2005 . Discomforting research: Colliding moralities and looking for ‘truth’ in a study of parental drug problems . Sociology of Health & Illness , 27 : 1 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard , M. and McKeganey , N. 2004 . The impact of parental problem drug use in children: What is the problem and what can be done to help? . Addiction , 99 : 552 – 559 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett , B. and Parker , G. 1998 . The parentified child: Early competence or childhood deprivation? . Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review , 3 : 146 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Bekir , P. , McLellan , T. , Childress , A. R. and Gariti , P. 1993 . Role reversals in families of substance misusers: A transgenerational phenomenon . International Journal of the Addictions , 28 : 613 – 630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1980 . The Logic of Practice , Cambridge : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Bourgois , P. 2000 . Disciplining addictions: The bio-politics of methadone and heroin in the United States . Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry , 24 : 165 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley , C. and Ormston , R. 2005 . Part of the Scottish Way of Life? Attitudes towards Drinking and Smoking in Scotland. Findings from the 2004 Scottish Social Attitudes Survey , Edinburgh : Scottish Executive .
   Google Scholar
• Cleaver , H. , Unell , I. and Aldgate , J. 1999 . Children's Needs, Parenting Capacity: The Impact of Parental Mental Illness, Problem Alcohol and Drug Use, and Domestic Violence on Children's Development , London : The Stationery Office .
   Google Scholar
• Cuijpers , P. , Langendoen , Y. and Bijl , R. 1999 . Psychiatric disorders in adult children of problem drinkers: Prevalence, first onset and comparison with other risk factors . Addiction , 94 : 1489 – 1498 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degrandpre , R. J. 2000 . Ritalin Nation: Rapid-fire Culture and the Transformation of Human Consciousness , New York : WW Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Elkins , I. J. , McGue , M. , Malone , S. and Iacono , W. G. 2004 . The effect of parental alcohol and drug disorders on adolescent personality . American Journal of Psychiatry , 161 : 670 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eugenia , G. 1996 . Fetal ultrasound imaging and the production of authoritative knowledge in Greece . Medical Anthropology Quarterly , 10 : 157 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction . 2002 . Annual Report on the State of the Drugs Problem in the European Union and Norway , Lisbon : European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction .
   Google Scholar
• Firkins , A. and Candlin , C. N. 2006 . Framing the child at risk . Health, Risk & Society , 8 : 273 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotel , T. and Thomsen , T. U. 2004 . The surveillance of children's mobility . Surveillance & Society , 1 : 535 – 554 .
   Google Scholar
• Furedi , F. 2004 . Therapy Culture: Cultivating Vulnerability in an Uncertain Age , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan , R. . Promoting children's resilience: Some reflections . Paper presented at the launch event for the Glasgow Centre for the Child and Society .
   Google Scholar
• Gusfield , J. R. 1996 . Contested Meanings: The Construction of Alcohol Problems , Madison : University of Wisconsin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gusfield , J. R. 1997 . “ The culture of public problems: Drinking-driving and the symbolic order ” . In Morality and Health , Edited by: Brandt , A. M. and Rozin , P. New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hallowell , N. 1999 . Doing the right thing: Genetic risk and responsibility . Sociology of Health & Illness , 21 : 597 – 621 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , P. 2003 . Growing up as a risky business? Risks, surveillance and the institutionalised mistrust of youth . Journal of Youth Studies , 6 : 165 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Kroll , B. 2004 . Living with an elephant: Growing up with parental substance misuse . Child and Family Social Work , 9 : 129 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Lennard , H. L. , Epstein , L. J. and Rosenthal , M. S. 1972 . The methadone illusion . Science , 176 : 881 – 884 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Measham , F. , Newcombe , R. and Parker , H. 1994 . The normalization of recreational drug use amongst young people in North-West England . The British Journal of Sociology , 45 : 287 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles , D. R. , Silberg , J. L. , Pickens , R. W. and Eaves , L. J. 2005 . Familial influences on alcohol use in adolescent female twins: Testing for genetic and environmental interactions . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 66 : 445 – 451 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , T. and Leger , M. C. 2003 . A very childish moral panic: Ritalin . Journal of Medical Humanities , 24 : 9 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , D. and Valverde , M. 2000 . Maidens at risk: ‘Date rape drugs’ and the formation of hybrid risk knowledges . Economy and Society , 29 : 514 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow , V. and Richards , M. 1996 . Transitions to Adulthood: A Family Matter? , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Munro , E. M. 1999 . Protecting children in an anxious society . Health, Risk & Society , 1 : 117 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Obot , I. S. , Wagner , F. A. and Anthony , J. C. 2001 . Early onset and recent drug use among children of parents with alcohol problems: Data from a national epidemiologic survey . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 65 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafferty , P. and Hartley , P. 2006 . Shame about the children: A legacy of distress for adults who have grown up with parental problem drinking and family disharmony? . Journal of Substance Use , 11 : 115 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Reinarman , C. and Levine , H. G. 2004 . Crack in the rear-view mirror: Deconstructing drug war mythology . Social Justice , 31 : 182 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Room , R. 2003 . The cultural framing of addiction . Janus Head , 6 : 221 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , P. 2007 . A Matter of Substance? Alcohol or Drugs: Does it make a Difference to the Child? , Stirling : Aberlour Child Care Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Executive . 2003 . Getting our Priorities Right: Policy and Practice Guidelines for Working with Children and Families Affected by Problem Drug Use , Edinburgh : The Stationery Office .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Executive . 2004 . Hidden Harm: The Scottish Executive Response to the Report of the Inquiry by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs , Edinburgh : Scottish Executive .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Executive . 2005 . Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland , Edinburgh : Information Services Division .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Executive . 2006 . Hidden Harm: Next Steps , Edinburgh : Scottish Executive .
   Google Scholar
• Shewan , D. and Dalgarno , P. 2005 . Low levels of negative health and social outcomes among non-treatment heroin users in Glasgow (Scotland): Evidence for controlled heroin use? . British Journal of Health Psychology , 10 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , I. 2004 . Doing their jobs: Mothering with Ritalin in a culture of mother-blame . Social Science & Medicine , 59 : 1193 – 1205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , H. F. 1985 . Alcoholism as metaphor in American culture: Ritual desecration as social integration . Ethos , 13 : 195 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , J. A. , Leslie , M. B. and Nyamathi , A. 2002 . Relative contributions of parent substance use and childhood maltreatment to chronic homelessness, depression, and substance abuse problems among homeless women: Mediating roles of self- esteem and abuse in adulthood . Child Abuse and Neglect , 26 : 1011 – 1027 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephen , D. E. and Squires , P. 2004 . ‘They're still children and entitled to be children’: Problematising the institutionalised mistrust of marginalised youth in Britain . Journal of Youth Studies , 7 : 351 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , R. and Holland , J. 2002 . Inventing Adulthoods: Young People's Strategies for Transition , Swindon : Economic and Social Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• Toscano , V. 2005 . Misguided retribution: Criminalization of pregnant women who take drugs . Social & Legal Studies , 14 : 359 – 386 .
   Google Scholar
• Turning Point . 2006 . Bottling it up: The Effects of Alcohol Misuse on Children, Parents and Families , London : Turning Point .
   Google Scholar
• Valverde , M. 1998 . Diseases of the Will: Alcohol and the Dilemmas of Freedom , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Velleman , R. and Orford , J. 1999 . Risk & Resilience: Adults who were the Children of Problem Drinkers , London : Harwood .
   Google Scholar
• Warburton , H. , Turnbull , P. J. and Hough , M. 2005 . Occasional and Controlled Heroin Use: Not a Problem? , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Webster , C. , Simpson , D. , MacDonald , R. , Abbas , A. , Cieslik , M. Shildrick , T. 2004 . Poor Transitions: Social Exclusion and Young Adults , Bristol : The Policy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , C. 2005 . Framing the fetus in medical work: Rituals and practices . Social Science & Medicine , 60 : 2085 – 2095 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerai , A. and Banks , R. 2002 . Dehumanizing Discourse, Anti-Drug Law, and Policy in America: A ‘Crack Mother's’ Nightmare , Aldershot : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar