Assessing the probability of patients reoffending after discharge from low to medium secure forensic mental health services: An inductive prevention paradox

References

• Brett , A. 2007 . Treatment and security outside the wall: diverse approaches to common challenges in community forensic mental health . International Journal of Forensic Mental Health , 6 : 87 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Castel , R. 1991 . “ From dangerousness to risk ” . In The Foucault effect , Edited by: Burchell , G. , Gordon , C. and Miller , P. London : Harvester Wheatsheaf .
   Google Scholar
• Coffey , M. 2012 . A risk worth taking? Value differences and alternative risk constructions in accounts given by patients and their community workers following conditional discharge from forensic mental health services . Health, Risk & Society , 14 : 465 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copas , J. and Marshall , P. 1998 . The offender group reconviction scale: a statistical reconviction score for use by probation officers . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) , 47 : 159 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , J.P. 2006 . The problems of offenders with mental disorders: a plurality of perspectives within a single mental health care organization . Social Science & Medicine , 63 : 1097 – 1108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , J.P. 2008 . “ Ecological risk management in forensic mental health services ” . In The vulnerable society: health, risk, and insecurity , Edited by: Petersen , A. and Wilkinson , I. 85 – 101 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , J. 2012 . Mentally disordered offenders' views of ‘their' risk assessment and management plans . Health, Risk & Society , 14 : 667 – 680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan , M. and Blattner , R. 2010 . The utility of the Historical Clinical Risk-20 scale as a predictor of outcomes in decisions to transfer patients from high to lower levels of security: a UK perspective . BMC Psychiatry , 10 : 76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas , M. 1966 . [2002]. Purity and danger , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Garfinkel , H. 1967 . Studies in ethnomethodology , Englewood Cliffs : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Gendreau , P. , Goggin , C. and Smith , P. 2002 . Is the PCL-R really the “unparalleled” measure of offender risk? A lesson in knowledge cumulation . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 29 : 397 – 426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godin , P.N. 2006 . “ Different understandings of risk within a forensic mental health care unit: a cultural approach ” . In Risk and nursing practice , Edited by: Godin , P.N. 79 – 97 . Houndmill , , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1959 . [1970]. The presentation of self in everyday life , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1961 . [1991]. Asylums: essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , N.S. 2004 . Relative efficacy of criminological, clinical and personality measures of future risk offending in mentally disordered offenders: a comparative study of HCR-20, PCL:SV and OGRS . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 : 532 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , N.S. 2007 . Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: the predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL–SV, and the HCR–20 . Psychological Assessment , 19 : 474 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson , S.O. 1993 . The false promise of risk analysis . Ratio (new series) , 6 : 16 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , S.D. , Cox , D.N. and Hare , R.D. 1995 . The Hare psychopathy checklist: screening version (PCL: SV) , Toronto : Multi-Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Heyman , B. 2012 . “ Risk and culture ” . In Oxford handbook of cultural psychology , Edited by: Valsiner , J. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heyman , B. , Henriksen , M. and Maughan , K. 1998 . Probabilities and health risks: a qualitative approach . Social Science & Medicine , 9 : 1295 – 1306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman , B. , Buswell-Griffiths , C. and Taylor , J. 2002 . Risk escalators and the rehabilitation of offenders with learning disabilities . Social Science & Medicine , 54 : 1429 – 1440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman , B. 2004 . Forensic mental health services as a health risk escalator: A case study of ideals and practice . Health, Risk & Society , 6 : 307 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman , B. 2010 . Risk, safety and clinical practice: health care through the lens of risk , Oxford : Oxford University Press . (Introduction available online at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/6392/)
   Google Scholar
• Home Office and Department of Health and Social Security (1975) Report of the Committee on Mentally Disordered Offenders. London: HMSO
   Google Scholar
• Hunt A. (2003) Risk and moralization in everyday life. In R.V. Ericson and A. Doyle (Eds.) Risk and Morality. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
   Google Scholar
• Japp K.P. and Kusche I. (2008) Systems theory and risk. In J.O. Zinn (Ed.) Social Theories of Risk and Uncertainty. Oxford: Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Langan , J. and Lindow , V. 2004 . Living with risk: mental health service user involvement in risk assessment and management , Bristol : The Policy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann , N. 1993 . [2002]. Risk: a sociological theory , New Brunswick : Aldine Transaction. .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , T. 2010 . Forensic nurses' perceptions of labels of mental illness and personality disorder. Clinical versus management issues . Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing , 17 ( 2 ) : 131 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhammad , M.A. 1996 . Prisoners' perspectives on strategies for release . Journal of Offender Rehabilitation , 23 : 131 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , P.E. 2000 . Forensic mental health . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 176 : 307 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , J. 2006 . Star of the sea , London : Vintage .
   Google Scholar
• Orne , M.T. 1962 . On the social psychology of the psychological experiment with particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications . American psychologist , 17 : 776 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , J. 1992 . Report of the working group on psychopathic disorder (Chairman Dr J Reed) , London : Home Office/DoH .
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , L. 2011 . Risk and the regulation of communication in relation to service users' and providers' experiences of forensic mental health care , London : City University . Unpublished thesis (PhD)
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , W.S. 1950 . Ecological correlations and the behaviour of individuals . American Sociological Review , 15 : 351 – 357. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , G. 1981 . Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease . British medical journal , 282 : 1847 – 1851 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenhan , D.L. 1973 . On being sane in insane places . Science , 179 : 250 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , J.A. 1963 . Timetables: structuring the passage of time in hospital treatment and other careers , New York : The Bobbs Merrill Company Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Rothstein , H. 2006 . The institutional origins of risk: a new agenda for risk research . Health, Risk & Society , 8 : 215 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , M. 2007 . Multidisciplinary teamwork in a UK regional secure mental health unit: a matter for negotiation? . Social Theory & Health , 5 : 356 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1998 . Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , 2nd ed , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• South West London Strategic Health Authority . 2006 . The independent inquiry into the care and treatment of John Barrett , London : South West London Strategic Health Authority .
   Google Scholar
• The Royal Society . 1992 . Risk: analysis, perception and management. Report of a royal society study group , London : The Royal Society .
   Google Scholar
• Tidmarsh , D. 2002 . “ The level of risk posed ” . In Care of the mentally disordered offender in the community , Edited by: Buchanan , A. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Titterton , M. 2005 . Risk and risk taking in health and social welfare , London : Jessica Kingsley .
   Google Scholar
• Vitacco , M.J. 2012 . The role of the violence risk appraisal guide and historical, clinical, risk-20 in U.S. courts: a case law survey . Psychology, Public Policy and Law , 18 : 361 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walgrave , S. and Sadicaris , D. Crime news and its antecedents. A comparative analysis of crime coverage on TV in 11 countries . Paper prepared for the ECPR Joint Workshop Sessions, 14-18 April 2009, Lisbon Portugal . Available from: http://webh01.ua.ac.be/m2p/publications/1248458628.pdf [Accessed 29 November 2012]
   Google Scholar
• Warner , J. 2006 . Inquiry reports as active texts and their function in relation to professional practice in mental health . Health, Risk & Society , 8 : 223 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , L. 2012 . Tools for the job: why relying on risk assessment tools is still a risky business . Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing , 16 : 132 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , C.D. 1997 . HCR-20: assessing risk for violence, version 2 , Burnaby , , British Columbia : Simon Fraser University .
   Google Scholar