1,459
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Living with risk and everyday sense-making

‘It touches my heart more when I see this…’: visual communication in the realisation of risk - the case of type 2 diabetes in Stockholm

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 258-275 | Received 15 Jan 2020, Accepted 18 Jul 2022, Published online: 03 Aug 2022

References

  • Adelswärd, V., & Sachs, L. (1996). The meaning of 6.8: Numeracy and normality in health information talks. Social Science and Medicine, 43(8), 1179–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00366-5
  • Ahmed, H., Naik, N., Willoughby, H., & Edwards, A.G.K. (2012). Communicating risk. BMJ. 344(June), e3996. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3996
  • Alaszewski, A. (2003). Risk, trust and health. Health, Risk and Society, 5(3), 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570310001606941
  • Alaszewski, A. (2005). Risk communication: Identifying the importance of social context. Health, Risk and Society, 7(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570500148905
  • Ancker, J. S., Senathirajah, Y., Kukafka, R., & Starren, J. B. (2006). Design Features of graphs in health risk communication: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13(6), 608–619. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2115.Introduction
  • Aweko, J., De Man, J., Absetz, P., Östenson, C.-G., Swartling Peterson, S., Mölsted Alvesson, H., & Daivadanam, M. (2018). Patient and provider dilemmas of type 2 diabetes self-management: A qualitative study in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in Stockholm. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091810
  • Bodemer, N., Meder, B., & Gigerenzer, G. (2014). Communicating relative risk changes with baseline risk: Presentation format and numeracy matter. Medical Decision Making, 34(5), 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X14526305
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Cantle, T. (2012). Interculturalism: For the era of globalisation, cohesion and diversity. Political Insight, 3(3), 38–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-9066.2012.00124.x
  • Charters, E. (2003). The use of think-aloud methods in qualitative research an introduction to think-aloud methods. Brock Education. 12(2), 68–82. 10.26522/BROCKED.V12I2.38
  • Cokely, E. T., Galesic, M., Schulz, E., Ghazal, S., & Garcia-Retamero, G. (2012). Measuring Risk Literacy: The Berlin Numeracy Test. Judgment and Decision Making, 7(1), 25–47. Retrieved 20 February 2018 https://journal.sjdm.org/11/11808/jdm11808.pdf
  • De Bruin, W. B., Stone, E. R., Gibson, J. M., Fischbeck, P. S., & Shoraka, M. B. (2013). The effect of communication design and recipients numeracy on responses to UXO risk. Journal of Risk Research, 16(8), 981–1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2013.788055
  • Diabetes i primärvården 2013. (2014).
  • Eccles, D. W., & Arsal, G. (2017). The think aloud method : What is it and how do I use it ? Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 9(4), 514–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2017.1331501
  • Eibner F., Barth J., Helmes A., & Bengel J. (2006). Variations in subjective breast cancer risk estimations when using different measurements for assessing breast cancer risk perception. Health, Risk & Society, 8(2), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570600677407
  • Enwald, H., Kortelainen, T., and Leppäluoto, J. (2013). Perceptions of fear appeal and preferences for feedback in tailored health communication: An explorative study among pre-diabetic individuals. Information Research, 18(3), 584. Retrieved February 152018, from http://www.informationr.net/ir/18-3/paper584.html#.WoVOQZPwbBI.
  • Ernstsson, O., Burström, K., Heintz, E., & Mølsted Alvesson, H. (2020). Reporting and valuing one’s own health: A think aloud study using EQ-5D-5L, EQ VAS and a time trade-off question among patients with a chronic condition. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 1–12. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01641-4
  • Fagerlin, A., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., Ubel, P. A., Jankovic, A., Derry, H. A., & Smith, D. M. (2007). Measuring numeracy without a math test: Development of the subjective numeracy scale. Medical Decision Making, 27(5), 672–680. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07304449
  • Garcia-Retamero, R., & Galesic, M. (2010). Who proficts from visual aids: Overcoming challenges in people’s understanding of risks. Social Science and Medicine, 70(7), 1019–1025. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.031
  • Garcia-Retamero, R., & Cokely, E. T. (2013). Communicating health risks with visual aids. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(5), 392–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413491570
  • Gigerenzer, G., Gaissmaier, W., Kurz-Milcke, E., Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2007). Helping doctors and patients make sense of health statistics. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Supplement, 8(2), 53–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00033.x
  • Gigerenzer, G., & Galesic, M. (2012). THE ART OF RISK COMMUNICATION: Why do single event probabilities confuse patients. BMJ, 344(7839), 30. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e245
  • Gnambs, T., Appel, M., Oeberst, A., & Wan, X. (2015). Red color and risk-Taking behavior in online environments. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134033
  • Goodyear-Smith, F., Arroll, B., Chan, L., Jackson, R., Wells, S., & Kenealy, T. (2008). Patients prefer pictures to numbers to express cardiovascular benefit from treatment. Annals of Family Medicine, 6(3), 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.795
  • Gustafsod, P. E. (1998). Gender differences in risk perception: Theoretical and methodological perspectives, Risk Analysis,18(6), 805–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01123.x
  • Guwatudde, D., Absetz, P., Delobelle, P., Östenson, C.-G., Olmen Van, J., Alvesson, H. M., Mayega, R. W., Ekirapa Kiracho, E., Kiguli, J., Sundberg, C. J., Sanders, D., Tomson, G., Puoane, T., Peterson, S., & Daivadanam, M. (2018). Study protocol for the SMART2D adaptive implementation trial: A cluster randomised trial comparing facility-only care with integrated facility and community care to improve type 2 diabetes outcomes in Uganda, South Africa and Sweden. BMJ Open, 8(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019981
  • Hawkins, R. P., Kreuter, M., Resnicow, K., Fishbein, M., & Dijkstra, A. (2008). Understanding tailoring in communicating about health. Health Education Research, 23(3), 454–466. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn004
  • Hildon, Z., Allwood, D., & Black, N. (2012). Impact of format and content of visual display of data on comprehension, choice and preference: A systematic review. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 24(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzr072
  • Hindhede, A. L. (2014). Prediabetic categorisation: The making of a new person. Health, Risk and Society, 16(7–8), 600–614. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2014.969688
  • Houts, P. S., Witmer, J. T., Egeth, H. E., Loscalzo, M. J., & Zabora, J. R. (2001). Using pictographs to enhance recall of spoken medical instructions II. Patient Education and Counseling, 43(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-3991(00)00171-3
  • Houts, P. S., Doak, C. C., Doak, L. G., & Loscalzo, M. J. (2006). The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, 61(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2005.05.004
  • International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th Edition. https://www.diabetesatlas.org
  • International Diabetes Federation. (no date). Test2Prevent – Know your risk of type 2 diabetes. Retrieved April 14, 2018, from https://www.idf.org/type-2-diabetes-risk-assessment/
  • Lindström, J., & Tuomilehto, J. (2003). The diabetes risk score: A practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Care, 26(3), 725–731. American Diabetes Association. https://doi.org/10.2337/DIACARE.26.3.725
  • Lipkus, I. M. (2007). Numeric, verbal, and visual formats of conveying health risks: Suggested best practices and future recommendations. Medical Decision Making, 27(5), 696–713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07307271
  • Lucaroni, F., Cicciarella Modica, D., Macino, M., Palombi, L., Abbondanzieri, A., Agosti, G., Biondi, G., Morciano, L., & Vinci, A. (2019). Can risk be predicted? An umbrella systematic review of current risk prediction models for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension. BMJ Open, 9(12), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030234
  • Malterud, K., Siersma, V. D., & Guassora, A. D. (2016). Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1753–1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444
  • McNaughton, C., Wallston, K. A., Rothman, R. L., Marcovitz, D. E., and Storrow, A. B. (2011). Short, subjective measures of numeracy and general health literacy in an adult emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(11), 1148–1155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01210.x
  • Montesi, L., Caletti, M. T., & Marchesini, G. (2016). Diabetes in migrants and ethnic minorities in a changing World. World Journal of Diabetes, 7(3), 34–44. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i3.34
  • Nelson, W., Reyna, V. F., Fagerlin, A., Lipkus, I., & Peters, E. (2008). Clinical implications of numeracy: Theory and practice. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9037-8
  • Nolan, T., Dack, C., Pal, K., Ross, J., Stevenson, F. A., Peacock, R., Pearson, M., Spiegelhalter, D., Sweeting, M., & Murray, E. (2015). Patient reactions to a web-based cardiovascular risk calculator in type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 65(632), e152–e160. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X683953
  • Pravossoudovitch, K., Cury, F., Young, S. G., & Elliot, A. J. (2014). Is red the colour of danger? Testing an implicit red-danger association. Ergonomics, 57(4), 503–510. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.889220
  • Renn, O., Jaeger, C.C., Rosa, E.A., & Webler, T., (2000). The Rational Actor Paradigm in Risk Theories: Analysis and Critique. In M.J. Cohen (Ed.), Risk in the Modern Age. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62201-6_2
  • Reyna, V. F., Nelson, W. L., Han, P. K., & Dieckmann, N. F. (2009). How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 943–973. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017327
  • Rothman, R. L., Montori, V.M., Cherrington, A., & Pignone, M.P., et al. (2008). Perspective : The role of numeracy in health care. Journal of Health Communication, 13(6), 583–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730802281791
  • Schapira, M. M., Nattinger, A. B., & McHorney, C. A. (2001). Frequency or probability? A qualitative study of risk communication formats used in health care. Medical Decision Making, 21(6), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/02729890122062811
  • Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2004). Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: Some thoughts about affect, reason, risk, and rationality. Risk Analysis, 24(2), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00433.x
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
  • Van Bokhoven, M. A., Pleunis-van Empel, M. C., Koch, H., Grol, R. P., Dinant, G.J, & van der Weijden, T.(2006). Why do patients want to have their blood tested? A qualitative study of patient expectations in general practice. BMC Family Practice, 7(75). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-7-75
  • van Someren, M. W., Barnard, Y. F., & Sandberg, J. A. C. (1994). The think aloud method: A practical guide to modelling cognitive processes. (Knowledge Based Systems).Academic Press.https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.103289
  • Wändell, P. E., & Gåfvels, C. (2007). High prevalence of diabetes among immigrants from non-European countries in Sweden. Primary Care Diabetes, 1(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2006.06.001
  • Watson, J., de Salis, I., Banks, J., & Salisbury, C. (2017). What do tests do for doctors? A qualitative study of blood testing in UK primary care. Family Practice, 34(6), 735–739. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmx051
  • Woloshin, S., Schwartz, L. M., Byram, S., Fischhoff, B., & Welch, H. G. (2000). A new scale for assessing of chance: Study. Medical Decision Making: an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making, 20(3), 298–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X0002000306
  • World Health Organization. (2016) Global report on diabetes. Isbn, 978, p. 88. 978 92 4 156525 7.
  • Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Gang, H., & Liwei, C. (2014). Evaluation of Finnish diabetes risk score in screening undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among US adults by gender and race: NHANES 1999-2010. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e97865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097865
  • Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., Smith, D. M., Ubel, P. A., & Fagerlin, A. (2007a). Validation of the subjective numeracy scale: Effects of low numeracy on comprehension of risk communications and utility elicitations. Medical Decision Making, 27(5), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07303824
  • Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., Smith, D. M., Ubel, P. A., & Fagerlin, A. (2007b). Validation of the subjective numeracy scale: Effects of low numeracy on comprehension of risk communications and utility elicitations. Medical Decision Making, 27(5), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07303824