4,802
Views
92
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Cross-cultural Effects on IQ Test Performance: A Review and Preliminary Normative Indications on WAIS-III Test Performance

, , , , &
Pages 903-920 | Accepted 01 Nov 2003, Published online: 16 Aug 2010

REFERENCES

  • Anastasi , A. 1982 . Psychological testing , 5th , New York : Macmillan .
  • Ardila , A. 1995 . Directions of research in cross-cultural neuropsychology . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 77 ( 1 ) : 143 – 150 .
  • Ardila , A. and Moreno , S. 2001 . Neuropsychological test performance in Aruaco Indians: An exploratory study . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 7 : 510 – 515 .
  • Avenant , T. J. 1988 . The establishment of an individual intelligence scale for adult South Africans. Report on an exploratory study conducted with the WAIS-R on a sample of blacks , Pretoria : Human Science Research Council . (Report P-91)
  • Claassen , N. C. W. 1997 . Cultural differences, politics and test bias in South Africa . European Review of Applied Psychology , 47 : 297 – 307 .
  • Claassen , N. C. W. , Krynauw , A. H. , Paterson , H. and Mathe , M. 2001 . A Standardization of the WAIS-III for English-speaking South Africans , Pretoria, , South Africa : Human Science Research Council .
  • Crawford , J. R. , Gray , C. D. and Allan , K. M. 1995 . The WAIS-R (UK): Basic psychometric properties in an adult UK sample . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 34 : 237 – 250 .
  • Cull , P. December 31 2001 . “ EC Matric results show west-east split. Results mirror the spending patterns of the apartheid era ” . In The Herald , December 31 , Port Elizabeth, South Africa : Times Media .
  • Demsky , Y. I. , Gass , C. S. and Golden , C. J. 1998 . Interpretation of VIQ-PIQ and intersubtest differences on the Spanish version of the WAIS . Assessment , 5 : 25 – 30 .
  • Dugbartey , A. T. , Sanchez , P. N. , Rosenbaum , J. G. , Mahurin , R. K. , Davis , J. M. and Townes , B. D. 1999 . WAIS-III Matrix Reasoning test performance in a mixed clinical sample . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 13 : 396 – 404 .
  • Faulstich , M. E. , McAnulty , D. , Carey , M. P. and Gresham , F. M. 1987 . Topography of human intelligence across race: Factorial comparison of black-white WAIS-R profiles for criminal offenders . International Journal of Neuroscience , 35 : 181 – 7 .
  • Fillenbaum , G. G. , Heyman , A. , Huber , M. S. , Ganguli , M. and Unverzagt , F. W. 2001 . Performance of elderly African American and white community residents on the CERAD neuropsychological battery . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 7 : 502 – 509 .
  • Fletcher , J. M. , Todd , J. and Satz , P. 1975 . Culture-fairness of three intelligence tests and a short-form procedure . Psychological Reports , 37 : 1255 – 1262 .
  • Gasquoine , P. G. 2001 . Research in clinical neuropsychology with Hispanic American participants: A review . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 15 : 2 – 12 .
  • Gonzales , R. R. and Roll , S. 1985 . Relationship between acculturation, cognitive style, and intelligence. A cross-sectional study . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 16 : 190 – 205 .
  • Grieve , K. W. and Viljoen , S. 2000 . An exploratory study of the use of the Austin maze in South Africa . South African Journal of Psychology , 30 : 14 – 18 .
  • Hanna , G. S. , House , B. and Salisbury , L. H. 1968 . WAIS performance of Alaskan native university freshmen . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 112 : 57 – 61 .
  • Helms , J. E. 1992 . Why is there no study of cultural equivalence in standardized cognitive ability testing . American Psychologist , 47 ( 9 ) : 1083 – 1101 .
  • Insua , A. M. 1983 . WAIS-R factor structures in two cultures . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 14 ( 4 ) : 427 – 438 .
  • James , T. and Dalton , R. 1993 . Modification of the WAIS-R information sub-test for use with an Irish population . Irish Journal of Psychology , 14 ( 4 ) : 589 – 595 .
  • Kallaway , P. 1984 . Apartheid and education: The education of black South Africans , Johannesburg : Ravan Press .
  • Kaufman , A. S. , McLean , J. E. and Reynolds , C. R. 1988 . Sex, residence, region, and education differences on the 11 WAIS-R subtests . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 44 : 231 – 248 .
  • Kaufman , A. S. , McLean , J. E. and Reynolds , C. R. 1991 . Analysis of WAIS-R factor patterns by sex and race . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 47 : 548 – 557 .
  • Kendall , I. M. , Verster , M. A. and Von , J. W. 1988 . “ Test performance of blacks in Southern Africa ” . In Human abilities in cultural context , Edited by: Irvine , S. H. and Berry , J. W. 299 – 339 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Lezak , M. D. 1995 . Neuropsychological assessment - , 3rd , New York : Oxford .
  • Loewenstein , D. A. , Arguelles , T. , Arguelles , S. and Linn-Fuentes , P. 1994 . Potential cultural bias in the neuropsychological assessment of the older adult . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 16 : 623 – 629 .
  • Lynn , R. and Dai , X. Y. 1993 . Sex differences on the Chinese standardization sample of the WAIS-R . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 75 : 459 – 463 .
  • Manly , J. , Jacobs , D. , Touradji , P. , Small , S. , Merchant , C. Bell , K. 2000 . Are ethnic group differences in neuropsychological test performance explained by reading level? A preliminary analysis . Journal of the International Neuropsychological society , 6 : 245 Abstract
  • Manly , J. J. , Jacobs , D. M. , Touradjie , P. , Small , S. A. and Stem , Y. 2002 . Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and White elders . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 5 : 341 – 348 .
  • Manly , J. J. , Jacobs , D. M. , Sano , M. , Bell , K. , Merchant , C. A. Small , S. A. 1998 . Cognitive test performance among nondemented elderly African Americans and whites . Neurology , 50 : 1238 – 1245 .
  • Manly , J. J. , Miller , S. W. , Heaton , R. K. , Byrd , D. , Reilly , J. Velasquez , R. J. 1998 . The effect of African-American acculturation on neuropsychological test performance in normal and HIV-positive individuals . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 4 : 291 – 302 .
  • Marcopulos , B. A. , McLain , C. A. and Giuliano , A. J. 1997 . Cognitive impairment or inadequate norms? A study of healthy, rural, older adults with limited education . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 11 ( 2 ) : 111 – 131 .
  • Matarazzo , J. D. and Herman , D. O. 1984 . Relationship of education and IQ in the WAIS-R standardization sample . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 52 ( 4 ) : 631 – 634 .
  • Mitrushina , M. N. , Boone , K. B. and D'Elia , L. F. 1999 . Handbook of Normative Data for Neuropsychological Assessment , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Nell , V. 1999 . Standardising the WAIS-III and WMS-III for South Africa: Legislative, psychometric, and policy issues . South African Journal of Psychology , 29 ( 3 ) : 128 – 137 .
  • Ogden , J. A. and McFarlane-Nathan , G. 1997 . Cultural bias in the neuropsychological assessment of young Maori men . New Zealand Journal of Psychology , 26 ( 2 ) : 2 – 12 .
  • Okazaki , S. and Sue , S. 2000 . Implications of test revisions for assessment with Asian Americans . Psychological Assessment , 72 : 272 – 280 .
  • Olazaran , J. , Jacobs , D. M. and Stem , Y. 1996 . Comparative study of visual and verbal short-term memory in English and Spanish speakers: Testing a linguistic hypothesis . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 2 : 105 – 110 .
  • Orsini , A. and Laicardi , C. 2000 . Factor structure of the Italian version of the WAIS-R compared with the American standardization . Perceptual Motor Skills , 90 : 1091 – 1100 .
  • Overall , J. E. and Levin , H. S. 1978 . Correcting for cultural factors in evaluating intellectual deficit on the WAIS . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 34 : 910 – 915 .
  • Paolo , A. M. , Ryan , J. J. , Ward , L C. and Hilmer , C. D. 1996 . Different WAIS-R short forms and their relation to ethnicity . Personal and Individual Differences , 6 : 851 – 856 .
  • Petrie , K. , Dibble , C. , Long-Taylor , M. and Ruth , G. 1986 . A New Zealand subtest for the WAIS-R . New Zealand Journal of Psychology , 15 : 23 – 26 .
  • Rosselli , M. and Ardila , A. 2003 . The impact of culture and education on non-verbal neuropsychological measurements; A critical review . Brain and Cognition , 52 : 326 – 333 .
  • Ryan , J. J. , Arb , J. D. and Kreiner , D. S. 2000 . Reliability of the WAIS-III subtests, indexes, and IQs in individuals with substance abuse disorders . Assessment , 7 : 151 – 156 .
  • Shuttleworth-Jordan , A. B. 1996 . On not reinventing the wheel: A clinical perspective on culturally relevant test usage in South Africa . South African Journal of Psychology , 26 ( 2 ) : 96 – 102 .
  • Skuy , M. , Schutte , E. , Fridjhon , P. and O'Carroll , S. 2000 . Suitability of published neuropsychological test norms for urban African secondary school students in South Africa . Personality and Individual Differences , 30 : 1413 – 1425 .
  • Stricks , L. , Pittman , J. , Jacobs , D. M. , Sano , M. and Stem , Y. 1998 . Normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery administered to English- and Spanish-speaking community-dwelling elders . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 4 : 311 – 318 .
  • Tang , C. S. , Lau , B. H. and Chang , S. S. 1996 . Factor structure of the Chinese version of the WAIS-R for Chinese adults in the lowest percentiles of IQ . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 52 : 345 – 355 .
  • Viljoen , G. , Levett , A. , Tredoux , C. and Anderson , S. 1994 . Using the Bender Gestalt in South Africa: Some normative data for Zulu-speaking children . South African Journal of Psychology , 24 : 145 – 151 .
  • Wechsler , D. 1981 . The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised: Manual , New York : The Psychological Corporation .
  • Wechsler , D. 1997 . The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 3 Edition: Technical manual , San Antonio : The Psychological Corporation .
  • Zindi , F. 1994 . Differences in psychometric performance . The Psychologist , 7 : 549 – 552 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.