Compromised Arterial Oxygen Saturation in Elderly Asthma Sufferers Results in Selective Cognitive Impairment

References

• Adams , R.J. , Weiss , S.T. and Fuhlbrigge , A. 2003 . How and by whom care is delivered influences anti-inflammatory use in asthma: Results of a national population survey . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , 112 : 445 – 450 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayley , P.J. , Hopkins , R.O. and Squire , L.R. 2003 . Successful recollection of remote autobiographical memories by amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe lesions . Neuron , 38 : 135 – 144 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beebe , D.W. , Groesz , L. , Wells , C. , Nichols , A. and McGee , K. 2003 . The neuropsychological effects of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis of norm-referenced and case-controlled data . Sleep , 26 : 298 – 307 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry , D.T. , McConnell , J.W. , Phillips , B.A. , Carswell , C.M. , Lamb , D.G. and Prine , B.C. 1989 . Isocapnic hypoxemia and neuropsychological functioning . Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neurology , 11 : 241 – 251 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Carruthers , D.M. and Harrison , B.D. 1995 . Arterial blood gas analysis or oxygen saturation in the assessment of acute asthma? . Thorax , 50 : 186 – 188 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerella , J. 1985 . Information processing rates in the elderly . Psychological Bulletin , 98 : 67 – 83 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerella , J. , Poon , L.W. and Williams , D.M. 1980 . “ Age and the complexity hypothesis ” . In Ageing in the 1980’s: Psychological issues , Edited by: Poon , L.W. 54 – 68 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , F.I.M. and Jennings , J.M. 1992 . “ Human memory ” . In The handbook of aging and cognition , Edited by: Craik , F.I.M. and Salthouse , T.A. 51 – 109 . NJ : Erlbaum, Hillsdale .
   Google Scholar
• Della , S.Sala , Donner , C.F. , Sacco , C. and Spinner , H. 1992 . Does chronic lung failure lead to cognitive failure? . Archives of Neurologogy and Psychiatry , 143 : 343 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• DeVreese , L.P. , Neri , M. , Boiardi , R. , Ferrari , P. , Belloi , L. and Salvioli , G. 1996 . Memory training and drug therapy act differently on memory and metamemory functioning: Evidence from a pilot study . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , S5 : 9 – 22 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Dustman , R.E. , Emmerson , R. and Shearer , D. 1994 . Physical activity, age, and cognitive neuropsychological-function . Journal of Ageing and Physical Activity , 2 : 143 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Etnier , J. , Johnston , R. , Dagenbach , D. , Pollard , R.J. , Rejeski , W.J. and Berry , M. 1999 . The relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic fitness, and cognitive functioning in older COPD patients . Chest , 116 : 953 – 960 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eustache , F. , Rioux , P. , Desgranges , B. , Marchal , G. , Petit-Taboue , M. , Dary , M. , Lechevalier , B. and Baron , J. 1995 . Healthy aging, memory subsystems and regional cerebral oxygen consumption . Neuropsychologica , 33 : 867 – 887 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferini-Strambi , L. , Di Gioia , M.R. , Castronovo , V. , Oldani , A. , Zucceni , M. and Cappa , S.F. 2003 . Neuropsychological assessment in idiopathic REM steep behavior disorder (RBD): Does the idipathic for of RBD really exist? . Neurology , 62 : 41 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fioravanti , M. , Nacca , D. and Amati , S. 1995 . Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated patterns of memory decline . Dementia , 6 : 39 – 48 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fleming , D.M. , Sunderland , R. , Cross , K.W. and Ross , A.M. 2000 . Declining incidence of episodes of asthma: A study of trends in new episodes presenting to practitioners in the period 1989-1998 . Thorax , 55 : 657 – 61 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady , C.L. , Horwitz , B. , Schapiro , M.B. and Rapoport , S.I. 1990 . “ Changes in the integrated activity of the brain with healthy aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type ” . In Aging brain and dementia: New trends in diagnosis and therapy , Edited by: Rapoport , S.I. , Petit , H. , Leys , D. and Christen , Y. 355 – 369 . New York : Alan R. Liss Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , I. , Prigatano , G.P. and Heaton , R.K. 1987 . Progressive neuropsychologic impairment and hypoxemia: Relationship in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Archives of General Psychiatry , 44 : 999 – 1006 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , R.H. , Brightling , C.E. , Pavord , I.D. and Wardlaw , A.J. 2003 . Management of asthma in adults: Current therapy and future directions . Postgraduate Medical Journal , 79 : 259 – 267 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , P. 1993 . “ Pathophysiology of chronic diseases and exercise training ” . In Resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription , 2nd , Edited by: Durstine , J.L. 187 – 197 . Philadelphia, PA : Lea & Febiger .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , R. 2002 . Emergency management of acute asthma . Australian Family Physician , 31 : 802 – 806 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heinze , S. , Sartory , G. , Mueller , B.W. , de Greiff , A. , Forsting , M. and Jueptner , M. 2003 . Short versus long term verbal memory: A comparison of encoding patterns . Schizophrenia Research , 60 : 220 [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hjalmarsen , A. , Melbye , H. , Wilsgaard , T. , Holmboe , J.H. , Opdahl , R. and Viitanen , M. 1999 . Prognosis for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who receive long-term oxygen therapy . The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease , 3(12) : 1120 – 1126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert , F.A. 1982 . Memory impairment associated with chronic hypoxia . Thorax , 37 : 858 – 860 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Incalzi , R.A. , Gemma , A. , Marra , C. , Muzzolon , R. , Capparella , O. and Carbonin , P. 1993 . Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An original model of cognitive decline . American Review of Respiratory Disorders , 148 : 418 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahneman , D. 1973 . Attention and effort , 20 – 63 . New Jersey : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Kozora , E. and Cullum , C.M. 1995 . Generative naming in normal aging: Total output and qualitative changes using phonemic and semantic constraints . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 9 : 313 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning , C.A. , Ragozzino , M.E. and Gold , P.E. 1993 . Glucose enhancement of memory in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type . Neurobiology of Ageing , 14 : 523 – 528 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manns , J.R. , Hopkins , R.O. and Squire , L.R. 2003a . Semantic memory and the human hippocampus . Neuron , 38 : 127 – 133 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manns , J.R. , Hopkins , R.O. , Reed , J.M. , Kitchener , E.G. and Squire , L.R. 2003b . Recognition memory and the human hippocampus . Neuron , 37 : 171 – 180 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medical Research Council Working Party. 1981 . Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema . Lancet , 1 : 681 – 686 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitrushina , M. and Satz , P. 1994 . Utility of mini-mental state examination in assessing cognition in the elderly . Aging , 6 : 427 – 732 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moss , M.C. and Scholey , A.B. 1996 . Oxygen administration enhances memory formation in healthy young adults . Psychopharmacology , 124 : 255 – 260 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss , M.C. , Scholey , A.B. and Wesnes , K. 1998 . Oxygen administration selectively enhances cognitive performance in healthy young adults; a placebo-controlled, double blind crossover study . Psychopharmacology , 138 : 27 – 33 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Asthma Campaign Asthma Audit . 2001 . The Asthma Journal , 6 : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Nettlebeck , T. and Rabbitt , P.M.A. 1992 . Aging, cognitive performance and mental speed . Intelligence , 16 : 189 – 205 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien , J.T. , Erkinjuntti , T. , Reisberg , B. , Roman , G. , Sawada , T. , Pantoni , L. , Bowler , J.V. , Ballard , C. , DeCarli , C. , Gorelick , P.B. , Rockwood , K. , Burns , A. , Gauthier , S. and DeKosky , T. 2003 . Vascular cognitive impairment . The Lancet Neurology , 2 : 89 – 98 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagani , M. , Salmaso , D. , Jonsson , C. , Hatherly , R. , Jacobson , H. , Larsson , S.A. and Wagner , A. 2002 . Regional cerebral blood flow as assessed by principal component analysis and (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPET in healthy subjects at rest: Normal distribution and effect of age and gender . European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , 29 : 67 – 75 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkin , A.J. and Java , R.I. 1999 . Deterioration of frontal lobe function in normal aging: Influences of fluid intelligence versus perceptual speed . Neuropsychology , 13 : 539 – 545 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellerin , L. and Magistretti , P.J. 1994 . Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: A mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , 91 : 10625 – 10629 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prigatano , G.P. , Parsons , O. , Wright , E. , Levin , D.C. and Hawryluk , G. 1983 . Neuropsychological test performance in mildly hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 108 – 116 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabbitt , P.M.A. 1986 . “ Memory impairment in the elderly ” . In Psychiatric disorders in the elderly , Edited by: Bebbington , P.E. and Jacoby , R. London : Mental Health Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Roland , P.E. 1993 . Brain activation , 9 – 83 . Wiley-Liss, Chichester .
   Google Scholar
• Rudolf , M. , Riordan , J.F. , Grant , B.J. , Maberly , D.J. and Saunders , K.B. 1980 . Arterial blood gas tensions in acute severe asthma . European Journal of Clinical Investigation , 10 : 55 – 62 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T.A. 1985 . “ Speed of behaviour and its implications for cognition ” . In Handbook of the psychology of ageing , 2nd ed , Edited by: Birren , J.E. and Schaie , K.W. 400 – 426 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T.A. 1988a . “ Effects of ageing on verbal abilities: Examination of the psychometric literature ” . In Language and memory in old age , Edited by: Light , L.L. and Burke , D.M. 17 – 35 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T.A. 1988b . Initiating the formalisation of theories of cognitive ageing . Psychology and Ageing , 3 : 3 – 16 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T.A. 1988c . Resource reduction interpretation of cognitive ageing . Developmental Review , 8 : 238 – 272 . [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T.A. 1988d . “ The role of processing resources in cognitive ageing ” . In Cognitive development in adulthood , Edited by: Howe , M.L. and Brainerd , C.J. 185 – 239 . New York : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Scheibel , A. 1992 . “ Structural changes in the ageing brain ” . In Handbook of mental health and ageing , Edited by: Birren , J. , Sloane , R. and Cohen , G. 147 – 174 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scholey , A.B. , Moss , M.C. , Neave , N. and Wesnes , K. 1999 . Cognitive performance hyperoxia, and heart rate following oxygen administration in healthy young adults . Physiology and Behaviour , 67 : 783 – 789 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholey , A.B. , Harper , S. and Kennedy , D.O. 2001 . Cognitive demand and blood glucose . Physiology and Behaviour , 73 : 585 – 592 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheth , K.K. 2003 . Activity-induced asthma . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 50 : 697 – 716 .
   Google Scholar
• Sommerfield , A.J. , Deary , I.J. , McAulay , V and Frier , B.M. 2003 . Moderate hypoglycaemia impairs multiple memory functions in healthy adults . Neuropsychology , 17 : 125 – 132 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L.R. , Knowlton , B. and Musen , G. 1993 . The structure and organization of memory . Annual Review of Psychology , 44 : 453 – 495 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , Y. 2002 . What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 8 : 448 – 460 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss , D.T. , Peterkin , I. , Guzman , D.A. , Guzman , C. and Troyer , A.K. 1997 . Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effects of hypoxia on neurological and neuropsychological measures . Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology , 19 : 515 – 524 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomer , R. and Levin , B.E. 1993 . Differential effects of aging on two verbal fluency tasks . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 76 : 465 – 466 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Post , J. , Noordzij , L.A. , de Kam , M.L. , Blau , G.J. , Cohen , A.F. and van Gerven , J.M. 2002 . Evaluation of tests of central nervous system performance after hypoxemia for a model of cognitive impairment . Journal of Psychopharmacology , 16 : 337 – 343 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe , P.T. and Hirst , W. 1983 . The characterisation of an amnesic syndrome following hypoxic ischemic damage . Archives of Neurology , 40 : 436 – 440 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , P. , Gouvier , W.D. , Callon , E. and Barkemeyer , C. 1989 . Equivalence of items on the mini-mental state . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 4 : 381 – 384 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamaguchi , T. , Kanno , I. , Uemara , K. , Shishido , F. , Inugami , A. , Ogawa , T. , Murakami , M. and Suzuki , K. 1986 . Reduction in regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during human aging . Stroke , 17 : 1220 – 1228 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamatoto , M. , Takahashi , K. , Ohyama , M. , Yamaguchi , T. , Saitoh , S. , Yatsugi , S. and Kogure , K. 1993 . Behavioural and histological changes after repeated brief cerebral ischemia by carotid artery occlusion in gerbils . Brain Research , 608 : 16 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar